'Ascendency's ... last big jamboree':Big house society in Northern Ireland 1921-69

Thie examines the continuing role that the landed class enjoyed in Northern Ireland in contrast to the experience of their fellow landlords in the rest of Ireland following Partition. It argues that the senses of tradition and continuity which the unionist population in particular attributed to the old landed elite gave them an important role in bolstering the newly created state of Northern Ireland. In turn this allowed them to continue acting as a social elite long after the economic and political foundations of their ascendancy had been removed.

Poor relief in the north of Ireland 1850-1921

This examines the way in which poor relief, and in particular the Poor Law, operated in the north of Ireland from the end of the Great Famine through to Partition. Drawing on a range of primary sources it develops a picture of relief patterns, exploring the ways in which the poor law was administered and the ways in which the poor utilised the limited relief options available to them. The chapter provides an analysis of how releif patterns in the north reacted to broader social and political change, developed over time and compared to other regions within Ireland.

Poverty and power: the Irish Poor Law in a north Antrim town 1861-1921

This examines the workings of the Irish Poor Law in the town of Ballymoney, Co. Antrim, during the period between the end of the Great Famine and Partition. It focuses both on those who administered and those who used the poor law and argues that for the former it provided an important route into local politics and for the latter it represented a crucial strand in the limited strategies for survival open to them. It also demonstrates the impact that local political outlook had on both the administration and the experience of poor relief.

Eve and evolution: Christian responses to the first woman question, 1860-1900

Historians of encounters between evolutionary science and Christianity have long been aware of the significance placed upon debates about the applicability of evolution to Adam. It has not been widely noticed, however, that in more conservative circles the creation of Eve was frequently thought to be a more difficult problem to solve. This essay examines how, in distinctive ways, the creation of Eve became a point of contention among three communities of conservative Christian thinkers grappling with the implications of evolutionary theory in the period 1860-1900.

The Geography of Revolution: The case of Longford, 1917-1921

Why were some areas of the Ireland more active than others during the War of Independence, and why did the areas of most activity change over the course of the war between 1919 and 1921? In the context of the Irish midlands, County Longford stands out as one of the most violent counties surrounded by areas where there was much less activity by the IRA. Even within the county there was a significant difference in the strength of republican activity between north and south Longford. This article will examine the factors that were responsible for the strength of the IRA campaign in this midland enclave, including socio-economic conditions, administrative decisions and failures, and the contemporary political context.
Much of the evidence upon which the paper is based comes from applications made by Longford Volunteers for military service pensions, granted to veterans of the campaign by the Irish government after 1924. Many of these documents are soon to be released by the Irish government. The paper will also include a discussion of these sources and the way in which they can be used by historians to advance our understanding of Ireland’s revolutionary decade.

Violence against women in the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921

This chapter examines the nature and extent of violence experienced by women in Ireland during the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) at the hands of both the Crown forces and the Irish Republican Army. It argues that targetted killings of women by either side was rare. The most common forms of such violence can be categorised as physical, gendered (cutting of hair) and psychological (intimidation and the killing of male relatives). It argues that there was a difference between gendered and sexual crime, the latter of which appears to have been very uncommon. A considerable part of the chapter uses theoretical literature on violence against women in conflict zones to explain why sexual violence was uncommon, arguing that neither side had much to gain from its employment, that the Crown forces were aware of the damage it could do to Britain's international reputation and that the terror tactics adopted by the Crown forces were sufficient to achieve their ends without resorting to rape. In regard to the IRA, the absence of any evidence of rape or sexual assault being perpetrated could be attributable to their Catholicism, reliance on support from the community, the efforts of the first Dáil to achieve foreign recognition of the Republic and the role of Cumann na mBan women in the guerrilla conflict. The historiography of women in the Irish revolution is also analysed.

Le collège classique comme espace de vie : l'exemple de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière (1860-1922)

Ce mémoire étudie l'institution collégiale comme espace de vie au tournant du XXe siècle par le biais d'une étude de cas, le Collège de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière. Plus concrètement, nous tentons de répondre aux questions suivantes. Comment pense-t-on et aménage-t-on l'espace dans ce collège pour garçons entre 1860-1922? Comment façonne-t-il les identités sociales et que nous révèle-t-il sur celles-ci? Autrement dit, nous nous intéressons aux valeurs qui sont transmises et aux normes sociales qui influencent l'aménagement. Nous cherchons à connaître leur évolution au cours de la période étudiée. Nous soutenons que l'architecture, l'ordonnance spatial, de même que le décor des lieux concourent à inculquer à la jeunesse un système de valeurs qui s'accordent avec l'idéal catholique : le retrait du monde, la piété, le classicisme et le patriotisme sont celles les plus évidemment exhibées au sein du Collège. L'aménagement de l'espace collégial revêt également des fonctions de régulation sociale : il sert à différencier et à hiérarchiser la population collégiale, autant les écoliers, le corps professoral que les employés d'entretien et d'approvisionnement. À un troisième niveau, il apparaît que le Collège de Sainte-Anne se modernise au cours des soixante années examinées. En portant une attention à la sécurité de l'établissement, à l'hygiène corporelle et à l'assainissement des espaces, les nouvelles théories de la pédagogie scolaire à la fin du XIXe siècle, notamment en ce qui concerne les études dites "utilitaires", les sciences, l'exercice physique et les loisirs, affectent et transforment l'institution collégiale de Sainte-Anne. Faire ressortir les effets de l'espace sur la formation identitaire et remettre en cause l'imperméabilité et l'intemporalité de cet espace dit traditionnel constituent donc les premières préoccupations de cette recherche. Le mémoire vise ultimement à mieux comprendre les objectifs d'éducation de l'Église catholique au moment où elle connaît son âge d'or dans la Belle province.