998 resultados para Parcelas experimentais


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este estudo foi desenvolvido na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil, com o objetivo de se analisar os efeitos da redução da precipitação pluvial na biomassa aérea e a mortalidade das árvores na área basal de uma floresta tropical, dentro do Projeto ESECAFLOR (LBA). Utilizaram-se duas parcelas experimentais, cada uma medindo um hectare de floresta tropical, sendo a parcela A submetida às condições normais do clima e a parcela B com exclusão de aproximadamente 90% das chuvas. As análises dos parâmetros de crescimento da floresta apresentadas neste estudo, se referem aos dados mensais obtidos durante o período experimental de 2005 a 2009, nas duas parcelas experimentais. Os resultados desta pesquisa permitem concluir que a redução da precipitação pluvial sobre a floresta afeta significativamente todos os parâmetros de crescimento das árvores, cuja principal evidência é de que o efeito da exclusão de chuva provoca redução da área basal florestal, em especial daquelas com diâmetro a altura de peito maior que 10 cm. Os resultados também indicam que o aumento na taxa de mortalidade das árvores e a consequente perda de biomassa vegetal, são maiores na área com exclusão de chuva que nas florestas submetidas às condições naturais do clima.

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Este estudo analisou as variações sazonais e anuais dos fluxos de calor sensível e latente, armazenados pelo dossel vegetativo de floresta tropical úmida, bem como a taxa de infiltração de água no solo em duas parcelas experimentais, uma com exclusáo de chuva e outra submetida às condições reais de precipitação pluvial. Os dados aqui usados foram obtidos do projeto ''Estudo da Seca da Floresta (ESECAFLOR), subprojeto do Experimento de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazônia (LBA), conduzido na reserva florestal de terra firme em Caxiuaná, PA. Os dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar foram coletados no perfil da floresta amazônica, em intervalos de 8 m, deSde a superfície até 32 m, durante o ano de 2008, em intervalos horários, para se determinar os fluxos de calor sensível e latente armazenados nos período chuvoso (fevereiro, março e abril) e menos chuvoso (setembro, outubro e novembro). Os resultados indicaram que o fluxo de calor sensível armazenado no dossel da floresta no ano de 2008, foi 167,93 W m-2 e o fluxo de calor latente armazenado foi de 5184,38 W m-2. A taxa de infiltração de água do solo na floresta foi reduzida drasticamente nos primeiros minutos do início do experimento, independentemente das condições de umidade do solo e, em seguida, ela apresentou comportamento quase constante ao longo do tempo.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

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The objective of the present study was to analyze the influence of spray mixture volume and flight height on herbicide deposition in aerial applications on pastures. The experimental plots were arranged in a pasture area in the district of Porto Esperidião (Mato Grosso, Brazil). In all of the treatments, the applications contained the herbicides aminopyralid and fluroxypyr (Dominum) at the dose of 2.5 L c.p. ha-1, including the adjuvant mineral oil (Joint Oil) at the dose of 1.0 L and a tracer to determine the deposition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (rhodamine at a concentration of 0.6%). The experiment consisted of nine treatments that comprised the combinations of three spray volumes (20, 30 and 50 L ha-1) and three flight heights (10, 30 and 40 m). The results showed that, on average, there was a tendency for larger deposits for the smallest flight heights, with a significant difference between the heights of 10 and 40 m. There was no significant difference among the deposits obtained with the different spray mixture volumes.

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The excess of salts in the soil can directly affect the development and yield of the plants, therefore, studies on water relationships of crops in such conditions are necessary to prevent or solve the problem. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at Universidade Estadual Paulista, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Botucatu, Brazil. The statistical design used was randomized blocks with four replications, consisting of five levels of soil salinity (1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0 dS m-1), two cultivars of sugar beet (Early Wonder and Itapuã) and two types of management of fertigation, totaling in all 80 plots. Measurements of water content of the leaves, diffuse resistance to water vapor, transpiration, leaf area and the water consumption of crop were determined. There was a decrease according to increasing salinity for the analysed physiological parameters in the Early Wonder variety while for the Itapuã variety a gradual increase was observed up to a salinity of 6 dS m-1. The water consumption by plants showed a reduction with increase of soil salinity for the two varieties.

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Egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens fed on low protein diets (14.0% CP) and on different lysine levels is evaluated, while maintaining the same ratio of digestible amino acids / digestible lysine. Four hundred and twenty commercial strain Isa Brown laying hens, 28 weeks old, were divided into 42 experimental plots. A completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replicates was employed in four production cycles of 28 days each. Treatments comprised Control - 16.92% CP; 0.750% digestible lysine. Treatments 1 to 5, with CP levels 14% and digestible lysine levels 0.600, 0.675, 0.750, 0.825 and 0.900% respectively. Levels of Treatments 1 and 2 (0.546 and 0.640% digestible Met + Cys / 0.600 and 0.675% digestible lysine) provided smaller egg size. On the other hand, eggs had higher shell percentage when compared to control diet. When compared to other digestible amino acids, digestible lysine requirement may be estimated at 0.750% in a diet with 14% CP, which corresponds to the average daily intake of 876 mg dig. lysine hen-1 day-1 and 798 mg dig. Met + Cys hen-1 day-1, without jeopardizing performance and eggs' internal and external quality.

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The aim of this study was to produce and physicochemically characterize beer elaborated with honey. Beer production assays were carried out with nine treatments, the combination of three concentrations of the original extract (11, 13 and 15 ºBrix) with three percentages of honey in the wort formulation (0, 20 and 40%). The experiment was completely randomized with two replicates, giving a total of eighteen trials. Mashing was carried out by infusion and the honey was added during the boiling step. After clarification, the extract content was corrected with water and the wort then inoculated with bottom-fermenting yeast. Fermentation was at 10 ºC. The beer was bottled manually and stored in a freezer at a temperature of 0 ºC for 15 days, for maturation. The beers were analyzed for their alcohol content, true extract, apparent extract, colour, bitterness, turbidity, pH, total acidity, carbon dioxide, foam density and total foam. The results of the physicochemical analysis were subjected to an analysis of variance, and the means compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. All beers were considered to be pale. The presence of honey in the formulation enhanced carbonation, foam density and total foam, but the beers were less bitter and less acid.