971 resultados para Pachycondyla striata nest
Resumo:
The relationship between the queens' lipid content and nest growth (population size, biomass and nest architecture) was studied from founding up to 1 year. Nests aged 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 12 months were dug in the field, and their dimensions were measured. The ant nest population and fungus garden was also collected. The sample was taken to the laboratory where we counted the worker population and weighed the biomass (fungus plus offspring) and queens. Queens were separated for the determination of lipids. The lipid content in the bodies of queens decreased in the first months, then stabilized (at 4-6 months) before increasing in months 9 and 12. Nest biomass (symbiotic fungus and offspring) and worker population increased over time. The structural growth of the nests was observed by excavating around them. Initially nests (3 months old) had one chamber at an average depth of 15 cm. By 1 year, the nests had three or four deep chambers, and were about 3-4 m deep. Our study contributes to knowledge of the dynamics of the energy-reserve expenditure by queens during colony founding and colony development for up to 1 year. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Resumo:
Inventários da mesofauna de solo e serapilheira em florestas tropicais apresentam a subfamíliaC (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) como uma das mais conspícuas e a segunda com maior riqueza e abundância, depois da subfamília Myrmicinae. Nestes ambientes, as ponerines constituem componentes ecologicamente importantes, onde são notáveis predadoras de outros invertebrados e podem nidificar nos troncos em decomposição ou na serapilheira. Este estudo foi realizado com a intenção de investigar a distribuição espacial das espécies de formigas da subfamília Ponerinae associadas à serapilheira, considerando sua abundância, riqueza, diversidade e composição, em seis áreas de floresta primária (Áreas I, II, III, IV, V e VI) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (ECFPn), Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará; e como a quantidade de serapilheira influencia nessa distribuição. Este estudo resulta de três coletas realizadas pelo Protocolo de Monitoramento de Formigas do Projeto TEAM/Caxiuanã entre abril de 2003 e janeiro de 2004. Coletaram-se 720 sub-amostras de 1 m² de serapilheira, distribuídas em 72 transectos de 100 m (unidade amostral) entre as seis áreas durante as coletas (quatro transectos por área em cada coleta), utilizando extratores de mini-Winkler. Identificaram-se 4.031 exemplares, pertencentes às três tribos, oito gêneros e 60 espécies de Ponerinae em 470 registros, sendo que o número médio de espécies por amostra foi de 6,52, e estimou-se encontrar 81 espécies (Jackknife 1). Hypoponera foi o gênero com maior abundância (268 registros) e riqueza de espécies (22), compreendendo junto com Pachycondyla mais de 70% das espécies. A Área V apresentou maior diversidade (H= 3,30), abundância (121) e riqueza (38) em espécies, além de maior volume de serapilheira (ANOVA; p<0,05 entre a Área V e as demais). A quantidade de serapilheira afetou positivamente a abundância e a riqueza de espécies, e também influenciou na composição de espécies. As espécies mais freqüentes (abundantes) nas amostras foram Hypoponera sp#1, Hypoponera sp#2, Hypoponera sp#6, Hypoponera sp#7, dontomachus scalptus e Pachycondyla constricta, que juntas representaram mais de 50% da abundância total. No geral, as ponerines apresentaram ampla distribuição na serapilheira de floresta primária na ECFPn, sendo numericamente influenciadas pela quantidade de serapilheira; as áreas apresentaram diferenças na diversidade, abundância e riqueza das espécies encontradas; e, como efeito do elevado número de espécies raras, encontrou-se baixa similaridade na composição de espécies entre amostras próximas; logo, mesmo em pequena escala, a heterogeneidade da camada de serapilheira na floresta amazônica tem importante papel na distribuição das espécies.
Resumo:
Energy substrate used by workers of leaf-cutting ants during nest excavation. In this study we aimed to ascertain whether leaf-cutting ant workers lose body reserves (fat or sugars) as a function of nest excavation. For each treatment, we isolated 10 workers of Atta sexdens into two experimental groups, Control (C- without excavation) and Soil (S- with excavation), which were kept for different time intervals (0, 24, 48 or 72 hours), totaling 700 tested workers. We then determined the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and total lipid content in them. The total carbohydrates were determined colorimetrically, based on the reaction between carbohydrates and sulfuric acid-phenol. For determination of lipids, the insects were immersed in organic solvent until they reached a constant weight. Our results showed that carbohydrates are consumed during nest excavation activities. In the experimental groups S24, S48 and S72, there was an average reduction of 5.82 (20.42%), 14.31 (44.96%) and 13.27 (43.96%) µ.mg-1 in soluble sugar when compared with the experimental groups that did not excavate. Furthermore, the lipids were not used during this activity. With respect to dry mass of the workers, their values were C0 = 8%, C24 = 10.4%, C48 = 9.2%, C72 = 10%, S24 = 9.2%, S48 = 8.7% and S72 = 8.5%. Our results show experimentally that the source of energy for nest excavation is carbohydrates, whereas lipids are conserved for other activities.
Escovopsis trichodermoides sp nov., isolated from a nest of the lower attine ant Mycocepurus goeldii
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
The Hornet's Nest Girl Scout Council Records consist of historical files, reports, minutes, correspondence, newsletters, news clippings, programs, and brochures documenting the origin, growth, and development of the Council. Also included are photocopies of scrapbooks.
Resumo:
The present study describes different preimaginal stages of Trypoxylon rogenhoferi examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and compares the results with observations on closely related species. Some notes on the nesting habits of this species, including their spider prey, nest parasites, and development time are provided. In short, T. rogenhoferi proved quite similar to the previous report on T. albitarse although SEM images are rarely presented in such descriptions. In fact the present study emphasized the importance of SEM images to describe fine morphological details that can be useful characters for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Images of some earlier development stages (first and second larval instar and egg) are presented for the first time, and compared with the few available data from other hymenopterans.
Resumo:
Background: We describe the first occurrence in the fossil record of an aquatic avian twig-nest with five eggs in situ (Early Miocene Tudela Formation, Ebro Basin, Spain). Extensive outcrops of this formation reveal autochthonous avian osteological and oological fossils that represent a single taxon identified as a basal phoenicopterid. Although the eggshell structure is definitively phoenicopterid, the characteristics of both the nest and the eggs are similar to those of modern grebes. These observations allow us to address the origin of the disparities between the sister taxa Podicipedidae and Phoenicopteridae crown clades, and traces the evolution of the nesting and reproductive environments for phoenicopteriforms. Methodology/Principal Findings: Multi-disciplinary analyses performed on fossilized vegetation and eggshells from the eggs in the nest and its embedding sediments indicate that this new phoenicopterid thrived under a semi-arid climate in an oligohaline (seasonally mesohaline) shallow endorheic lacustine environment. High-end microcharacterizations including SEM, TEM, and EBSD techniques were pivotal to identifying these phoenicopterid eggshells. Anatomical comparisons of the fossil bones with those of Phoenicopteriformes and Podicipediformes crown clades and extinct palaelodids confirm that this avian fossil assemblage belongs to a new and basal phoenicopterid. Conclusions/Significance: Although the Podicipediformes-Phoenicopteriformes sister group relationship is now well supported, flamingos and grebes exhibit feeding, reproductive, and nesting strategies that diverge significantly. Our multi-disciplinary study is the first to reveal that the phoenicopteriform reproductive behaviour, nesting ecology and nest characteristics derived from grebe-like type strategies to reach the extremely specialized conditions observed in modern flamingo crown groups. Furthermore, our study enables us to map ecological and reproductive characters on the Phoenicopteriformes evolutionary lineage. Our results demonstrate that the nesting paleoenvironments of flamingos were closely linked to the unique ecology of this locality, which is a direct result of special climatic (high evaporitic regime) and geological (fault system) conditions.
Resumo:
Invasive exotic species can negatively impact local biodiversity. We present here a report of a nest predation of an endemic bird species, variable oriole (Icterus pyrrhopterus) by the introduced black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata)in an agricultural landscape highly disturbed by human activities. Two nestlings were predated, by adults of the introduced marmoset during two alternate days. Antipredator behavior and vocal mimicry were observed in variable oriole, while copulation was observed in black-tufted marmoset during the predation. The use of mobbing against predators by I. pyrrhopterus was observed and it is described here by the first time. The potential impact of the introduced marmosets to local biodiversity is discussed.
Resumo:
Entering behavior of Gasteruption brachychaetum Schrottky (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae) into a nest of Hylaeus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Colletidae). Nests of Hylaeus aff. guaraniticus (Schrottky, 1906) were parasited by females of Gasteruption brachychaetum Schrottky, 1906 in trap nests in Sao Paulo(Brazil). This is the first host record of a Gasteruptiidae in the Neotropical Region. The behavior of a G. brachychaetum female entering a host's nest is described as follows: an inquiline female hovered near the host's nest, landed and detected that a female of H. aff. guaraniticus was inside the nest, waited for the host female to fly out, entered backwards into the nest, remained there for almost six minutes, and then went out the nest. The development time of immature stages of G. brachychaetum varied between 16 and 299 days.
Resumo:
Gamasoidosis (acariasis, avian-mite dermatitis or bird-mite dermatitis) is a challenging diagnosis that is becoming more common because of the frequent use of window air conditioners in tropical countries. These devices may serve as shelters for nests of urban birds such as pigeons. Dermatologists should become familiar with this infestation to establish the correct diagnosis and treatment.