342 resultados para PBL
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is being implemented in the corporate world at an ever increasing rate, benefitting societies around the world. Several theories have been proposed that contend that the corporations who are implementing CSR programs also benefit financially, making the relationship a symbiotic one. This paper analyzes the financial health of Prime Bank Limited, Bangladesh, (PBL) over a period of a decade in order to determine if PBL has indeed benefited financially from implementing its CSR program. The analysis focuses on examining PBL’s internal and external financial indicators over an extended period of time to determine what the net effect, if any, that the CSR program has had on them. This analysis concludes that the evidence does not support the claim of a causal relationship between CSR spending and positive effects upon PBL, as measured by PBL’s financial indicators.
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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates are not homogeneous in their patterns of pathogenicity in animals and adhesion to epithelial cells. During this investigation, genotypic differences were observed between two samples of P. brasiliensis strain 18 yeast phase (Pbl 8) previously cultured many times, one taken before (Pb18a) and the other after (Pb18b) animal inoculation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis using the primer OPJ4 distinguished Pb18b from Pbl Ba by one 308 bp DNA fragment, which after cloning and sequencing was shown to encode a polypeptide sequence homologous to the protein beta-adaptin. It is suggested, by comparison to other micro-organisms, that this protein might play an important role in the virulence of P. brasiliensis. This result demonstrates the influence of in vitro subculturing on the genotype of this organism.
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Objectives: The vertical location of the implant-abutment connection influences the periimplant bone morphology. It is unknown, however, whether different microgap configurations cause different bone reactions. Therefore, in this study the bone morphologies of two different implant systems were compared.Material and methods: Three months after tooth extraction in eight mongrel dogs, two grit-blasted screw implants with internal Morse taper connection (ANK group) were placed on one side whereas the contralateral side received two oxidized screw implants with external hex (TIU group). One implant on each side was placed level with the bone (equicrestal), the second implant was inserted 1.5mm below bone level (subcrestal). After 3 months the implants were uncovered. Three months after stage two surgery, histometrical evaluations were performed in order to assess the periimplant bone levels (PBL), the first bone-to-implant contact points (BICP), the width (HBD) and the steepness (SLO) of the bone defect.Results: All implants osseointegrated clinically and histologically. Bone overgrowth of the microgap was seen in ANK implants only. No significant differences between ANK and TIU could be detected in neither vertical position for PBL and BICP. However, a tendency in favor of ANK was visible when the implants were placed subcrestally. In the parameters HBD (ANK equicrestal -0.23mm; TIU equicrestal -0.51mm; ANK subcrestal +0.19mm; TIU subcrestal -0.57mm) and SLO (ANK equicrestal 35.36 degrees; TIU equicrestal 63.22 degrees; ANK subcrestal 20.40 degrees; TIU subcrestal 44.43 degrees) more pronounced and significant differences were noted.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that different microgap designs cause different shapes and sizes of the periimplant ('dish-shaped') bone defect in submerged implants both in equicrestal and subcrestal positions.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu is changing to, and implementing a new curriculum aimed at integrating teaching and learning in the community. Emphasis is on preparing the community settings for teaching, learning and providing health care. A particular task is staff development with emphasis on problem-based learning (PBL) and training medical and nursing students in the leadership to participate in this process. The new curriculum includes the gradual introduction of clinical practice during First Year, integration of the basic sciences with clinical sciences, through integrated modules studied in small groups, and maintenance of the two year clerkship. The undergraduates are introduced gradually to the community: 8% of the total curriculum during First Year, 10% during Second Year, 10% during Third Year, 20% during Fourth Year, 30% during Fifth and Sixth Years. The basic health units at primary care level, and the regional specialty outpatients and hospitals at the second level, are the main teaching sites. An Education Development Committee was established to discuss the strategies for supporting the changes and to structure the planning for promoting the gradual transformation of staff development. After 18 months of implementation of the curriculum, there followed discussions and monitoring of the objectives of changes in medical education at our school. Successful implementation of the new curriculum would fail, if the objectives were not absorbed by every member of the implementation Committee.
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Considering the changes in teaching in the health field and the demand for new ways of dealing with knowledge in higher learning, the article discusses two innovative methodological approaches: problem-based learning (PBL) and problematization. Describing the two methods' theoretical roots, the article attempts to identify their main foundations. As distinct proposals, both contribute to a review of the teaching and learning process: problematization, focused on knowledge construction in the context of the formation of a critical awareness; PBL, focused on cognitive aspects in the construction of concepts and appropriation of basic mechanisms in science. Both problematization and PBL lead to breaks with the traditional way of teaching and learning, stimulating participatory management by actors in the experience and reorganization of the relationship between theory and practice. The critique of each proposal's possibilities and limits using the analysis of their theoretical and methodological foundations leads us to conclude that pedagogical experiences based on PBL and/or problematization can represent an innovative trend in the context of health education, fostering breaks and more sweeping changes.
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Fieldbus communications networks are a fundamental part of modern industrial automation technique. This paperwork presents an application of project-based learning (PBL) paradigm to help electrical engineering students grasp the major concepts of fieldbus networks, while attending a one-term long, elective microcontroller course. © 2012 IEEE.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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O presente documento atualiza os dados que revelam o perfil atual do ensino fundamental e médio no Brasil, re-visitando os bancos de dados de instituições oficiais (INEP e IBGE). Nós encontramos coincidências suspeitas que relacionam concentração de renda e abstinência educacional, como combustíveis que realimentam o ciclo da miséria em nosso país. Aspectos qualitativos da escola brasileira também foram levantados para que pudéssemos compreender as dificuldades do fazer educacional no Brasil e acenar com possibilidades concretas de mudança. Nós também investigamos, através da metodologia de estudo de caso, dois cursos de férias para implementar e avaliar a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP). As aulas foram direcionadas a professores e alunos do Ensino Médio. Através da observação direta e de inferências obtidas a partir de questionários aplicados a alunos e professores, antes e depois de cada um dos cursos (em 2004 e 2005), mediu-se o impacto da ABP sobre alunos e professores. Os resultados revelaram várias dificuldades e perplexidades demonstradas por professores e alunos, tais como a dificuldade em relacionar experimentos e conteúdos dos livros didáticos, a abstinência quase completa em experimentação e sua relação com o Método Científico, dificuldades de discernir entre hipótese e fato, etc. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas foi aceita por todos (estudantes e professores) como uma possível maneira de mudar as aulas de Ciências e a Biologia. Contudo, sua ampla disseminação vai exigir capacitação em larga escala, gestão e liderança para iniciar o processo de mudança, aumentos de salários, e melhor infra-estrutura das escolas para experimentação. Utilizando metodologias semelhantes à ABP, como alternativa para capacitação, as universidades que desenvolvem atividades de pesquisa precisam ser diretamente envolvidas no processo através de fomento dirigido para a renovação. Um pacto educacional precisa ser construído para reformar o fazer educacional, e essa ação deve incluir Administradores e Professores das escolas de ensino fundamental e médio, Secretários de Educação (do Estado e do Município), Governos de Estado e do Município, Ministérios da Educação e da Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidades e Agências de Fomento para que o esforço possa ganhar dimensões nacionais.
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O Aprendizado Baseado em Problemas (ABP) é apontado como ferramenta importante para ensinar os alunos a aprender por si mesmos. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar de que forma a ABP pode contribuir para a formação de professores. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso dedicado a avaliar o uso da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas em Curso de Férias direcionado à redescoberta da anatomia e fisiologia de animais com estilos de vida contrastantes. Participaram do estudo alunos e professores do Ensino Médio, alunos do Ensino Superior do Curso de Licenciatura em Biologia e monitores alunos do Curso de Medicina. Foram feitas análises qualitativas e quantitativas a partir dos dados obtidos por questionários e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com alunos, professores e monitores. Os resultados das análises revelaram que ela contribui definitivamente para a formação do professor reflexivo assim como promove maior envolvimento e motivação dos alunos e professores com o curso assim como para a possibilidade de sua utilização imediata no ensino médio e superior na Amazônia, a despeito das restrições atuais de infraestrutura.