El profeta Muḥammad confundido con un emperador romano. La errónea interpretación de una iluminación medieval

Un grabado frecuentemente usado para ilustrar la expulsión del pueblo judío decretada por los emperadores Adriano o Heraclio representa en realidad la predicación del profeta Muḥammad ante una asamblea de árabes y judíos. Este artículo identifica el manuscrito a partir del que se elaboró el grabado, propone la interpretación correcta de la imagen y explica el origen de la confusión.

La crisi del segle III, preludi de la fi del món antic

[cat] L'any 235, quan Alexandre Sever fou occit per Maximí el Traci, es va inaugurar una «crisi» caracteritzada per una anarquia militar i per tot un seguit de crisis derivades i interconnectades entre elles: la politicoinstitucional, la militar, l'econòmica i la religiosa. Tradicionalment, es considera que aquest període es va cloure amb la pujada al tron de Dioclecià, l'any 284. Aquest emperador va instaurar un nou sistema polític, conegut per tetrarquia, que va permetre que quatre emperadors governessin al mateix temps però en plena concòrdia, gràcies al qual es va poder aplicar amb més eficàcia el cúmul de reformes que Dioclecià va posar en marxa per a redreçar l'Imperi. Ara bé, aquestes reformes tingueren un alt cost social i polític: una concepció teocràtica del poder que sacralitzava l'emperador i assimilava la seva funció de govern com una missió divina.

Bismarck, the man and the statesman : being the reflections and reminiscences of Otto, prince von Bismarck,

Translation of the author's Gedanken und erinnerungen, Stuttgart, 1898.

Anhang zu den Gedanken und erinnerungen von Otto fürst von Bismarck ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Una previsione lettera d'Un italiano a Napoleone III nell'ottobre del 1867.

Mode of access: Internet.

Zenobia, queen of Palmyra; a tale of the Roman empire in the days of the Emperor Aurelian.

Mode of access: Internet.

A treatise concerning religious affections : in three parts ; I. Nature of the affections, and their importance in religion ; II. Showing what are no certain signs that religious affections are gracious, or that they are not ; III. Showing what are distinguishing signs of truly gracious and holy affections /

Bound in brown leather; stamped in gold; blue leather label on spine, stamped in gold; speckled edges.

The history of the reign of the Emperor Charles V; with a view of the progress of society in Europe, from the subversion of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the sixteenth century. To which are added, Questions for the examination of students,

[At head of title:] "Harper's stereotype school edition."

A new history of the life and reign of the Czar Peter the Great, Emperor of all Russia, and father of his country : Giving an exact relation of I. His travels, studies, and personal fatigues, for the attaining of knowledge in civil and military affairs, and the improvement of his subjects. II. His introduction of arts and sciences, a naval force, and commerce with foreign nations; also his many reformations in church and state, the army, and the customs and manners of his people. III. His wars with the Swedes, Turks, Tartars and Persians; victories by sea and land; acquisitions of territory, and increase of power. IV. His regard to genius and merit, particularly in the instances of General Le Fort, Prince Menzikoff, and the Empress Catharine: and his severe justice on offenders, exemplified in the proceedings against the czarewitz, and others. /

By John Bancks.

Illustrations of the Holy Scriptures : in three parts. I. From the geography of the East. II. From the natural history of the East. III From the customs of ancient and modern nations /

"An introduction to the geography of the New Testament ... by Lant Carpenter. Philadelphia : J. Anderson, printer, 1822" has special t.p. and separate paging.

The Roman empire: essays on the constitutional history from the accession of Domitian (81 A. D.) to the retirement of Nicephorus III (1081 A.D.).

Mode of access: Internet.

"Lancea", Lusitanian Word, and the "Lancienses" Ethnogenesis

Analysis of the word lancea, of Hispanic origin after Varro, and of place names, people´s names and personal names derived from it. It confirms that the spear was the most important weapon in the Bronze Age, belonging to the iuventus and used as heroic and divine symbol. This analysis confirms also the personality of the Lusitanians, a people related to the Celts but with more archaic archaeological, linguistic and cultural characteristics originated in the tradition of the Atlantic Bronze in the II millennium BC. It is also relevant to better know the organisation of Broze and Iron Age societies and the origin of Indo-Europeans peoples in Western Europe and of pre-Roman peoples of Iberia.

Preliminary results of the roman camp of La Cabeza del Cid (Hinojosa, Guadalajara, Spain)

The recent archaeological works in Hinojosa, allowed us to discover a camp from Roman republic period. It is located in the center of the Celtiberian area and its study could open interesting perspectives to study this historical period. This paper shows the results of its preliminary studies.