On the acid-base stability of Keggin Al-13 and Al-30 polymers in polyaluminum coagulants

The acid-base stabilities of Al-13 and Al-30 in polyaluminum coagulants during aging and after dosing into water were studied systematically using batch and flow-through acid-base titration experiments. The acid decomposition rates of both Al-13 and Al-30 increase rapidly with the decrease in solution pH. The acid decompositions of Al-13 and Al-30 with respect to H+ concentration are composed of two parallel first-order and second-order reactions, and the reaction orders are 1.169 and 1.005, respectively. The acid decomposition rates of Al-13 and Al-30 increase slightly when the temperature increases from 20 to ca. 35 A degrees C, but decrease when the temperature increases further. Al-30 is more stable than Al-13 in acidic solution, and the stability difference increases as the pH decreases. Al-30 is more possible to become the dominant species in polyaluminum coagulants than Al-13. The acid catalyzed decomposition and followed by recrystallization to form bayerite is one of the main processes that are responsible for the decrease of Al-13 and Al-30 in polyaluminum coagulants during storage. The deprotonation and polymerization of Al-13 and Al-30 depend on solution pH. The hydrolysis products are positively charged, and consist mainly of repeated Al-13 and Al-30 units rather than amorphous Al(OH)(3) precipitates. Al-30 is less stable than Al-13 upon alkaline hydrolysis. Al-13 is stable at pH < 5.9, while Al-30 lose one proton at the pH 4.6-5.75. Al-13 and Al-30 lose respective 5 and 10 protons and form [Al-13] (n) and [Al-30] (n) clusters within the pH region of 5.9-6.25 and 5.75-6.65, respectively. This indicates that Al-30 is easier to aggregate than Al-13 at the acidic side, but [Al-13] (n) is much easier to convert to Alsol-gel than [Al-30] (n) . Al-30 possesses better characteristics than Al-13 when used as coagulant because the hydrolysis products of Al-30 possess higher charges than that of Al-13, and [Al-30] (n) clusters exist within a wider pH range.

30.4nm极紫成像探测器实验研究

中国科学院知识创新方向性项目(061Z291213) 资助课题

近30年来陕北黄土高原土地利用动态变化分析

基于1975年的LandsatMSS影像,1986年、1997年和2006年的Landsat TM影像,利用遥感影像的计算机自动分类和目视解译,得到这4a的土地利用信息。利用ERDAS中的GIS分析模块和统计方法对这4a的土地利用图进行统计分析,得到1975-1986年、1986-1997年和1997-2006年这3个时间段的土地利用变化的数量、速度、幅度、空间格局特征。结果表明:耕地经历了一个先增加后减少的过程,草地、林地先减少后增加,居民地一直处于增加状态,未利用地从整体上来说处于减少状态,只不过在中期有一定数量的波动;在前期和中期土地利用类型间的相互转化基本一致,后期土地利用类型间的相互转化有所增强;耕地、草地、林地和未利用地是该地区土地利用变化的主导类型,主要是耕地、草地与其它土地利用类型间的相互转化。

纳秒激光诱导C_(60)分子碎裂中轻碎片离子C_n~+(n<30)的产生机理研究

采用飞行时间质谱计测量了纳秒激光诱导C60分子碎裂中轻碎片离子Cn+(n≤11)的初始平均动能,结果显示轻碎片离子具有相同的初始平均动能(约为0.34 eV),并且该动能在一定范围内不随激光通量的变化而明显改变.结合前人的实验结果,对纳秒激光诱导C60分子碎裂中轻碎片离子Cn+(n<30)的主要产生模式作了新的阐述,即C60分子级联发射15个C2分子和一个电子形成自身不稳定的C3+0离子,在皮秒时间尺度内C3+0离子的笼形结构塌陷,进而轻碎片离子产生.

~(129)Xe~(30+)轰击Ni表面激发靶原子偶极跃迁和禁戒(M1和E2)跃迁的特征光谱线

报道了用高电荷态离子1 2 9Xe30 + (15 0keV)轰击金属Ni表面 ,激发的 2 0 0— 10 0 0nmNiⅠ和NiⅡ的特征光谱线的实验结果 .实验结果表明 :用电荷态足够高的离子作光谱激发源 ,无需很强的束流强度 (nA量级 ) ,便可有效地产生原子和离子的复杂组态间跃迁所形成的可见光波段的特征谱线 ,特别是NiⅠ和NiⅡ偶极禁戒的电四极跃迁E2和磁偶极跃迁M1的特征光谱线 .通过分析发现 ,在禁戒跃迁的谱线中 ,有些是电子组态相同而原子态不同的偶极禁戒跃迁光谱线而且NiⅡ的 6 84 84nm谱线较强