Multifaceted Role of Heme during Severe Plasmodium falciparum Infections in India

Several immunomodulatory factors are involved in malaria pathogenesis. Among them, heme has been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of severe malaria in rodents, but its role in human severe malaria remains unclear. Circulating levels of total heme and its main scavenger, hemopexin, along with cytokine/chemokine levels and biological parameters, including hemoglobin and creatinine levels, as well as transaminase activities, were measured in the plasma of 237 Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients living in the state of Odisha, India, where malaria is endemic. All patients were categorized into well-defined groups of mild malaria, cerebral malaria (CM), or severe noncerebral malaria, which included acute renal failure (ARF) and hepatopathy. Our results show a significant increase in total plasma heme levels with malaria severity, especially for CM and malarial ARF. Spearman rank correlation and canonical correlation analyses have shown a correlation between total heme, hemopexin, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) levels. In addition, canonical correlations revealed that heme, along with IP-10, was associated with the CM pathophysiology, whereas both IP-10 and MCP-1 together with heme discriminated ARF. Altogether, our data indicate that heme, in association with cytokines and chemokines, is involved in the pathophysiology of both CM and ARF but through different mechanisms.

Social Network Analysis and Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Their mutual benefit for the explanation of policy network structures

By switching the level of analysis and aggregating data from the micro-level of individual cases to the macro-level, quantitative data can be analysed within a more case-based approach. This paper presents such an approach in two steps: In a first step, it discusses the combination of Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) in a sequential mixed-methods research design. In such a design, quantitative social network data on individual cases and their relations at the micro-level are used to describe the structure of the network that these cases constitute at the macro-level. Different network structures can then be compared by QCA. This strategy allows adding an element of potential causal explanation to SNA, while SNA-indicators allow for a systematic description of the cases to be compared by QCA. Because mixing methods can be a promising, but also a risky endeavour, the methodological part also discusses the possibility that underlying assumptions of both methods could clash. In a second step, the research design presented beforehand is applied to an empirical study of policy network structures in Swiss politics. Through a comparison of 11 policy networks, causal paths that lead to a conflictual or consensual policy network structure are identified and discussed. The analysis reveals that different theoretical factors matter and that multiple conjunctural causation is at work. Based on both the methodological discussion and the empirical application, it appears that a combination of SNA and QCA can represent a helpful methodological design for social science research and a possibility of using quantitative data with a more case-based approach.

A brief explanation of the Social Security Act /

"March 1937."

The larger forms of musical composition; an exhaustive explanation of the variations, rondos, and sonata designs, for the general student of musical analysis, and for the special student of structural composition,

"A sequel to the Homophonic forms and Applied counterpoint."--Pref.

The Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study : an explanation for patients, group N.

Mode of access: Internet.

Napoleon, an explanation of his theories of government; an avowal of the motives that actuated his public life;

The "Manuscrit venu de Sainte Héléne" and an English translation, "Manuscript transmitted from St. Helena" were first published anoymously, London, John Murray, 1817: a number of editions and translation in many languages have appeared since.

The mechanic's companion : or, The elements and practice of carpentry, joinery, bricklaying, masonry, slating, plastering, painting, smithing, and turning, comprehending the latest improvements and containing a full description of the tools belonging to each branch of business, with copious directions for their use, an explanation of the terms used in each art and an introduction to practical geometry /

Mode of access: Internet.

Profit in beekeeping : an explanation of what beekeeping is, what profits it holds for you and how to go about getting these returns from the honey bee.

Mode of access: Internet.

Profit in beekeeping : an explanation of what beekeeping is, what profits it holds for you and how to go about getting these returns from the honey bee.

Mode of access: Internet.

The road to the stage, or, The performer's preceptor : containing clear and ample instructions for obtaining theatrical engagements, with a list of all the provincial theatres ... and a complete explanation of all the technicalities of the histrionic art /

Mode of access: Internet.

Slide valve gears : an explanation of the action and construction of plain and cut-off slide valves /

Includes index.

Explanation to accompany sheets 1-

Mode of access: Internet.

Public-house reform; an explanation with an appendix,

Appendix: A. Prospectus and trust-deed of the Northumberland public-house trust company.--B. Report and rules of the people's refreshment house association.--C. Opinions of the press.

An explanation of recent failures in San Jose scale control /

Cover title.

Gravitation: an elementary explanation of the principal perturbations in the solar system.

Mode of access: Internet.