Bioprocess engineering of induced pluripotent stem cells for application in cell therapy and pre-clinical research

Dissertation to obtain Master Degree in Biotechnology

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Behavior and the Brain

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology, Neuroscience

Provide instructions and resources for assessment and training in earth building: the Pirate project

This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Use of tacrolimus in rescue therapy of acute and chronic rejection in liver transplantation

PURPOSE: To study the indications and results of tacrolimus as rescue therapy for acute cellular or chronic rejection in liver transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen liver transplant recipients who underwent rescue therapy with tacrolimus between March 1995 and August 1999 were retrospectively studied. The treatment indication, patients, and graft situation were recorded as of October 31st, 1999. The response to tacrolimus was defined as patient survival with a functional graft and histological reversal of acute cellular, or for chronic rejection, bilirubin serum levels decreasing to up to twice the upper normal limit. RESULTS: Fourteen cases (77.8%) presented a good response. The response rate for the different indications was: (1) acute cellular + sepsis - 0/1 case; (2) recurrent acute cellular - 1/1 case; (3) OKT3-resistant acute cellular - 2/2 cases; (4) steroid-resistant acute cellular + active viral infection - 3/3 cases; (5) chronic rejection - 8/11 cases (72.7% response rate). The 4 patients who did not respond died. CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus rescue therapy was successful in most cases of acute cellular and chronic rejection in liver transplantation.

Narrative innovations predict symptom improvement: Studying innovative moments in narrative therapy of depression

Objective:Innovative moments (IMs) are moments in the therapeutic dialog that constitute exceptions toward the client's problems. These narrative markers of meaning transformation are associated with change in different models of therapy and diverse diagnoses. Our goal is to test if IMs precede symptoms change, or, on the contrary, are a mere consequence of symptomatic 15 change. Method: For this purpose, IMs and symptomatology (Outcome Questionnaire-10.2) were assessed at every session in a sample of 10 cases of narrative therapy for depression. Hierarchical linear modeling was conducted to explore whether (i) IMs in a given session predict patients' symptoms in the following session and/or (ii) symptoms in a given session predict IMs in the next session. Results: Results suggested that IMs are better predictors of symptoms than the reverse. Conclusions: These results are discussed considering the contribution of meanings and narrative processes' changes to symptomatic improvement.

The cystic fibrosis microbiome in an ecological perspective and its impact in antibiotic therapy

The recent focus on the cystic fibrosis (CF) complex microbiome has led to the recognition that the microbes can interact between them and with the host immune system, affecting the disease progression and treatment routes. Although the main focus remains on the interactions between traditional pathogens, growing evidence supports the contribution and the role of emergent species. Understanding the mechanisms and the biological effects involved in polymicrobial interactions may be the key to improve effective therapies and also to define new strategies for disease control. This review focuses on the interactions between microbe-microbe and host-microbe, from an ecological point of view, discussing their impact on CF disease progression. There are increasing indications that these interactions impact the success of antimicrobial therapy. Consequently, a new approach where therapy is personalized to patients by taking into account their individual CF microbiome is suggested.

Glucose addiction in cancer therapy : advances and drawbacks

Glucose addiction in cancer therapy: advances and drawbacks.

Benefits of exercise training in the treatment of heart failure: study with a control group

OBJECTIVE: Exercise training programs have been proposed as adjuncts to treatment of heart failure. The effects of a 3-month-exercise-training-program with 3 exercise sessions per week were assessed in patients with stable systolic chronic heart failure. METHODS: We studied 24 patients with final left ventricle diastolic diameter of 70±10mm and left ventricular ejection fraction of 37±4%. Mean age was 52±16 years. Twelve patients were assigned to an exercise training group (G1), and 12 patients were assigned to a control group (G2). Patients underwent treadmill testing, before and after exercise training, to assess distance walked, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and double product. RESULTS: In G2 group, before and after 3 months, we observed, respectively distance walked, 623±553 and 561± 460m (ns); peak heart rate, 142±23 and 146± 33b/min (ns); systolic blood pressure, 154±36 and 164±26 mmHg (ns); and double product, 22211± 6454 and 24293±7373 (ns). In G1 group, before and after exercise, we observed: distance walked, 615±394 and 970± 537m (p<0.003) peak heart rate, 143±24 and 143±29b/min (ns); systolic blood pressure, 136±33 and 133±24 mmHg (ns); and double product, 19907± 7323 and 19115±5776, respectively. Comparing the groups, a significant difference existed regarding the variation in the double product, and in distance walked. CONCLUSION: Exercise training programs in patients with heart failure can bring about an improvement in physical capacity.

Estudios in vitro e in vivo de agentes fotosensibilizadores y su aplicación en terapia fotodinámica. In vitro and in vivo studies of photosensitizer agents and its application in photodynamic therapy.

Muchos esfuerzos se están realizando en el diseño de nuevos métodos para la eliminación de las células tumorales y así inhibir el crecimiento neoplásico. Entre los métodos no convencionales se encuentran la Terapia Fotodinámica.La Terapia Fotodinámica (TFD) es un tratamiento experimental de algunos tipos de cáncer, basado en el efecto citotóxico inducido en el tejido tumoral, por la acción combinada de una droga (fotosensibilizador) y la luz visible. El fotosensibilizador posee la propiedad de absorber la luz y reaccionar con el oxígeno molecular, produciendo una forma activa del oxígeno: el oxígeno singlete (1O2) que oxida diversas moléculas biológicas, induciendo un efecto citotóxico que se traduce en la regresión tumoral. Los nuevos avances en la dosimetría de la luz, así como la búsqueda de una segunda generación de nuevos fotosensibilizadores más eficaces que los actualmente utilizados, han permitido incluir protocolos de Terapia Fotodinámica en numerosos centros hospitalarios principalmente para el tratamiento de cánceres de pulmón, vejiga, esófago y piel. Plantas fototóxicas, sus metabolitos fotosensibilizantes y sus posibles usos; En general, dentro de las especies vegetales tóxicas existen aquellas denominadas plantas alergénicas, que son las que pueden producir sus efectos indeseables por vía dérmica. También existen aquellas que pueden producir efectos tóxicos por vía sistémica. Sin embargo, coexiste en la naturaleza otro grupo de plantas tóxicas que desencadenan sus efectos nocivos bajo la acción de la luz, por lo que son llamadas plantas fototóxicas, cuyos principios activos son comúnmente denominados agentes fotosensibilizantes La apoptosis como blanco terapéutico contra el cáncer: Los conocimientos moleculares sobre la apoptosis adquiridos en los últimos años están siendo aplicados al desarrollo de nuevos fármacos que puedan modular selectivamente las señales involucradas en la muerte de las células. Una de las razones que justifica el interés en el estudio de este tipo de moléculas, es que una de las características más tempranas en la transformación de la células neoplásicas esta relacionada con la incapacidad de responder a los estímulos de muerte. Esto lleva a una desregulación del proceso de apoptosis desencadenando una proliferación descontrolada. Los otros eventos que desencadenan el cáncer son, la invasión vascular y la metástasis a distanciaLa adquisición de resistencia a los efectos citotóxicos de los tratamientos anticancerígenos ha emergido como un significante impedimento para el efectivo tratamiento de la enfermedad. Por ello, en el presente proyecto se investigará si la adquisición de resistencia a TFD inducida en la línea celular estudiada es conferida por el aumento de la proteína MDRP1 a través de la vía de señalización PI3K/Akt. Además, se estudiará la correlación entre la posible resistencia a drogas y la inducción de apoptosis, analizando los mecanismos involucrados. Los resultados obtenidos contribuirán a dilucidar y entender los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la resistencia y sensibilidad tumoral a la TFD, y de esta manera mejorar la eficacia de dicha terapia antitumoral para sensibilizar a las células a la apoptosis. OBJETIVOS Estudiar el efecto de agentes fotosensibilizadores de origen sintético (ftalocianinas), comercialmente ya aprobadas por la FDA (Me-ALA), de origen natural (antraquinonas), y obtenidas en procesos nanotecnologicos (nanofibras) respecto a su capacidad de inducir la muerte celular en sistemas experimentales in vivo, para el desarrollo de nuevas drogas de aplicación en Terapia Fotodinámica (PDT). Estudiar las señales de apoptosis que se desencadenan, combinando la PDT con iRNA (antisurvivina) con la finalidad de aumentar la eficiencia de la muerte tumoral. Estudiar los mecanismos de resistencia a la Terapia Fotodinámica en carcinoma de células escamosas con fotosensibilizadores permitidos (Me-ALA).

Development and Validation of Predictive Models of Cardiac Mortality and Transplantation in Resynchronization Therapy

AbstractBackground:30-40% of cardiac resynchronization therapy cases do not achieve favorable outcomes.Objective:This study aimed to develop predictive models for the combined endpoint of cardiac death and transplantation (Tx) at different stages of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods:Prospective observational study of 116 patients aged 64.8 ± 11.1 years, 68.1% of whom had functional class (FC) III and 31.9% had ambulatory class IV. Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic variables were assessed by using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:The cardiac mortality/Tx rate was 16.3% during the follow-up period of 34.0 ± 17.9 months. Prior to implantation, right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), ejection fraction < 25% and use of high doses of diuretics (HDD) increased the risk of cardiac death and Tx by 3.9-, 4.8-, and 5.9-fold, respectively. In the first year after CRT, RVD, HDD and hospitalization due to congestive heart failure increased the risk of death at hazard ratios of 3.5, 5.3, and 12.5, respectively. In the second year after CRT, RVD and FC III/IV were significant risk factors of mortality in the multivariate Cox model. The accuracy rates of the models were 84.6% at preimplantation, 93% in the first year after CRT, and 90.5% in the second year after CRT. The models were validated by bootstrapping.Conclusion:We developed predictive models of cardiac death and Tx at different stages of CRT based on the analysis of simple and easily obtainable clinical and echocardiographic variables. The models showed good accuracy and adjustment, were validated internally, and are useful in the selection, monitoring and counseling of patients indicated for CRT.

Effects of Growth Hormone on Cardiac Remodeling During Resistance Training in Rats

Abstract Background: Although the beneficial effects of resistance training (RT) on the cardiovascular system are well established, few studies have investigated the effects of the chronic growth hormone (GH) administration on cardiac remodeling during an RT program. Objective: To evaluate the effects of GH on the morphological features of cardiac remodeling and Ca2+ transport gene expression in rats submitted to RT. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 7 per group): control (CT), GH, RT and RT with GH (RTGH). The dose of GH was 0.2 IU/kg every other day for 30 days. The RT model used was the vertical jump in water (4 sets of 10 jumps, 3 bouts/wk) for 30 consecutive days. After the experimental period, the following variables were analyzed: final body weight (FBW), left ventricular weight (LVW), LVW/FBW ratio, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (CSA), collagen fraction, creatine kinase muscle-brain fraction (CK-MB) and gene expressions of SERCA2a, phospholamban (PLB) and ryanodine (RyR). Results: There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference among groups for FBW, LVW, LVW/FBW ratio, cardiomyocyte CSA, and SERCA2a, PLB and RyR gene expressions. The RT group showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in collagen fraction compared to the other groups. Additionally, the trained groups (RT and RTGH) had greater CK-MB levels compared to the untrained groups (CT and GH). Conclusion: GH may attenuate the negative effects of RT on cardiac remodeling by counteracting the increased collagen synthesis, without affecting the gene expression that regulates cardiac Ca2+ transport.

Resistance Training in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Severe Hypertension

Abstract Background: Resistance training (RT) has been recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for moderate hypertension. In spite of the important role of exercise intensity on training prescription, there is still no data regarding the effects of RT intensity on severe hypertension (SH). Objective: This study examined the effects of two RT protocols (vertical ladder climbing), performed at different overloads of maximal weight carried (MWC), on blood pressure (BP) and muscle strength of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with SH. Methods: Fifteen male SHR ENT#091;206 ± 10 mmHg of systolic BP (SBP)ENT#093; and five Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY; 119 ± 10 mmHg of SBP) were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (SED-WKY) and SHR (SED-SHR); RT1-SHR training relative to body weight (~40% of MWC); and RT2-SHR training relative to MWC test (~70% of MWC). Systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were measured weekly using the tail-cuff method. The progression of muscle strength was determined once every fifteen days. The RT consisted of 3 weekly sessions on non-consecutive days for 12-weeks. Results: Both RT protocols prevented the increase in SBP (delta - 5 and -7 mmHg, respectively; p > 0.05), whereas SBP of the SED-SHR group increased by 19 mmHg (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in HR only for the RT1 group (p < 0.05). There was a higher increase in strength in the RT2 (140%; p < 0.05) group as compared with RT1 (11%; p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our data indicated that both RT protocols were effective in preventing chronic elevation of SBP in SH. Additionally, a higher RT overload induced a greater increase in muscle strength.

Transfer von kognitivem Training in den Alltag bei älteren Erwachsenen

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Humanwiss., Diss., 2013