Psicobiolog??a y educaci??n en la Baja Edad Media : las edades del hombre en Vicente de Beauvais (1190-1264)

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Programa de refuerzo, orientación y apoyo (PROA) en el IES Vicente Cano (Argamasilla de Alba).

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Enredados por un mundo mejor : VI edici??n del Premio Nacional para el Desarrollo Vicente Ferrer

Se describe la experiencia llevada a cabo por los IES El Pomar y Ram??n Carande (Jer??z de los Caballeros, Badajoz) que obtuvo un Premio Nacional de Educaci??n para el Desarrollo 'Vicente Ferrer'. Se detallan las actividades que giraron en torno a la dignidad, derechos humanos y participaci??n. Pretenden fomentar en el alumnado el respeto de los derechos humanos y su construcci??n en su vida cotidiana

Aprendizaje por proyectos a trav??s de la obra del m??sico Vicente Peydr?? : la convergencia de las artes

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La problemática de la violencia escolar en los 7mos años de Básica de: la Escuela Fiscal “Ángel Isaac Chiriboga” y del “Pensionado “San Vicente” de la ciudad de Quito. Año lectivo 2012-2013

Esta investigación científica tiene como objetivo analizar y comparar las estrategias pedagógicas, y el tipo de comunicación desarrollados en los 7mos Años de las escuelas: “Ángel Isaac Chiriboga” y Pensionado “San Vicente” de Quito. 2012- 2013; en el primer quinquemestre; a través de, la aplicación de guías de observación de clase para conocer el tipo de estrategias pedagógicas desarrolladas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y el uso de encuestas a los/as alumnos/as para identificar la clase de interacción que existe entre alumno-maestro y alumno-alumno. De esta manera, reconocer los factores que contribuyen a generar la violencia escolar y brindar recomendaciones alternativas, que propicien la disminución de la violencia escolar. De hecho, este trabajo consta de la Introducción que contiene: planteamiento del problema, pregunta central de la investigación, propósito de la investigación, justificación, objetivos: general, específicos, antecedentes legales, alcances, limitaciones y metodología que guía el trabajo y tipo de fuentes. El Capítulo I aborda el Marco Contextual (descripción física y organización: funcional y estructural de la escuela). El Capítulo II describe al Marco Conceptual de: conceptualización básica de violencia, agresión, características y Teorías del Aprendizaje: Conductistas (Watson- Pavlo, Skinner), Cognoscitivas (Piaget, Vigotzky), y por Modelación (Bandura) y de la Inteligencia Emocional, (Goleman) El Capítulo III contiene el Marco Empírico que consiste en el análisis e interpretación de la información. Finalmente, constarán las conclusiones, recomendaciones, bibliografía y anexos.

La recaudación tributaria de los gobiernos autónomos descentralizados municipales de Cayambe, Pedro Moncayo, Pedro Vicente Maldonado y San Miguel de los Bancos en el período 2008-2011

La gestión de los ingresos tributarios de los gobiernos municipales expresados en impuestos, tasas y contribuciones especiales de mejoras, con el concurso de las distintas direcciones, jefaturas y unidades administrativas en los ámbitos financiero, tributario, catastral y de recaudación, presenta deficiencias, incidiendo negativamente en la captación de recursos para el adecuado desarrollo de cada una de las competencias atribuidas a estos niveles de gobierno subnacional. El ejercicio de cada una de las competencias exclusivas de los gobiernos municipales demanda ingentes recursos financieros de carácter tributario, no tributario y de los provenientes de endeudamiento público. En el ámbito tributario es fundamental que cada gobierno municipal disponga de los instrumentos jurídicos y de gestión apropiados para potenciar la recaudación de tributos, y así ir afianzando su autonomía, por ello este trabajo analiza la gestión recaudatoria tributaria de cuatro gobiernos municipales ecuatorianos: Cayambe, Pedro Moncayo, Pedro Vicente Maldonado y San Miguel de los Bancos, por el período 2008-2011, que al tiempo de evidenciar sus fortalezas también devele sus deficiencias, y de esta manera ir exponiendo algunas medidas y mecanismos tendentes a mejorar la gestión y los niveles de recaudación, que en último término propenda a una mejor redistribución del ingreso con mayores beneficios para sus habitantes.

Autonomic impairment after myocardial infarction: Role in cardiac remodelling and mortality

P>1. Impairmant of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) has been implicated in the reduction of heart rate variability (HRV) and in the increased risk of death after myocardial infarction (MI). In the present study, we investigated whether the additional impairment in BRS induced by sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation (SAD) in MI rats is associated with changes in the low-frequency (LF) component of HRV and increased mortality rate. 2. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, MI, denervated (SAD) and SAD + MI rats. Left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated by echocardiography. Autonomic components were assessed by power spectral analysis and BRS. 3. Myocardial infarction (90 days) reduced ejection fraction (by similar to 42%) in both the MI and SAD + MI groups; however, an increase in LV mass and diastolic dysfunction were observed only in the SAD + MI group. Furthermore, BRS, HRV and the LF power of HRV were reduced after MI, with an exacerbated reduction seen in SAD + MI rats. The LF component of blood pressure variability (BPV) was increased in the MI, SAD and SAD + MI groups compared with the control group. Mortality was higher in the MI groups compared with the non-infarcted groups, with an additional increase in mortality in the SAD + MI group compared with the MI group. Correlations were obtained between BRS and the LF component of HRV and between LV mass and the LF component of BPV. 4. Together, the results indicate that the abolishment of BRS induced by SAD in MI rats further reduces the LF band of HRV, resulting in a worse cardiac remodelling and increased mortality in these rats. These data highlight the importance of this mechanism in the prognosis of patients after an ischaemic event.

A PCR-RFLP assay for gender assignment in the three-toed sloths (Bradypus, Pilosa, Bradypodidae)

The three-toed sloths (Bradypus) are slow-moving arboreal neotropical mammals. Understanding demographic variables (such as sex ratio) of populations is a key for conservation purposes. Nevertheless, gender assignment of Bradypus is particularly challenging because of the lack of sexual dimorphism in infants and in adults, particularly B. torquatus, the most endangered of the three-toed sloths, in which sex is attributed by visual observation of the reproductively active males. Here, we standardized a method for sexing Bradypus individuals using PCR-RFLP of sex-linked genes ZFX/ZFY. This assay was validated with known-gender animals and proved accurate to assign gender on three Bradypus species.

Peripheral Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer`s Disease

Oxidative stress has been associated with normal aging and Alzheimer`s disease (AD). However, little is known about oxidative stress in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients who present a high risk for developing AD. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma production of the lipid peroxidation marker, malonaldehyde (MDA) and to determine, in erythrocytes, the enzymatic antioxidant activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in 33 individuals with MCI, 29 with mild probable AD and 26 healthy aged subjects. GR/GPx activity ratio was calculated to better assess antioxidant defenses. The relationship between oxidative stress and cognitive performance was also evaluated by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). AD patients showed higher MDA levels than both MCI and healthy elderly subjects. MCI subjects also exhibited higher MDA levels compared to controls. Catalase and GPx activity were similar in MCI and healthy individuals but higher in AD. GR activity was lower in MCI and AD patients than in healthy aged subjects. Additionally, GR/GPx ratio was higher in healthy aged subjects, intermediate in MCI and lower in AD patients. No differences in GST activity were detected among the groups. MMSE was negatively associated with MDA levels (r = -0.31, p = 0.028) and positively correlated with GR/GPx ratio in AD patients (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). MDA levels were also negatively correlated to GR/GPx ratio (r = -0.31, p = 0.029) in the AD group. These results suggest that high lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defenses may be present early in cognitive disorders.

Retinoic acid inhibits dendritic cell differentiation driven by interleukin-4

All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) appears to affect Th1-Th2 differentiation and its effects on immune responses might also be mediated by dendritic cell (DC). Nonetheless, studies have been showing contradictory results since was observed either induction or inhibition of DC differentiation. Our aim was to investigate atRA action on human monocyte derived DC differentiation. For this purpose we tested pharmacological and physiological doses of atRA with or without cytokines. Cell phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry and function was investigated by phagocytosis and respiratory burst. DC, positive control group, was differentiated with GM-CSF and IL-4 and maturated with TNF-alpha. We demonstrated that atRA effects depend on the dose used as pharmacological doses inhibited expression of all phenotypic markers tested while a physiological dose caused cell differentiation. However, atRA combined or not with cytokines did not promote DC differentiation. In fact, atRA was detrimental on IL-4 property as a DC inductor. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Expansion of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T cells by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and have a crucial role in T-lymphocyte activation and adaptive immunity initiation. However, DCs have also been implicated in maintaining immunological tolerance. In this study, we evaluated changes in the CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T-cell population after co-culture of lymph node cells from BALB/c mice with syngeneic bone marrow-derived DCs. Our results showed an increase in CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T cells after co-culture which occurred regardless of the activation state of DCs and the presence of allogeneic apoptotic cells; however, it was greater when DCs were immature and were pulsed with the alloantigen. Interestingly, syngeneic apoptotic thymocytes were not as efficient as allogeneic apoptotic cells in expanding the CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T-cell population. In all experimental settings, DCs produced high amounts of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. The presence of allogeneic apoptotic cells induced interleukin (IL)-2 production in immature and mature DC cultures. This cytokine was also detected in the supernatants under all experimental conditions and enhanced when immature DCs were pulsed with the alloantigen. CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T-cell expansion during co-culture of lymph node cells with DCs strongly suggested that the presence of alloantigen enhanced the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. Our data also suggest a role for both TGF-beta and IL-2 in the augmentation of the CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) population.

C-glycosyl flavones from Peperomia blanda

The methanol extract from aerial parts of the Peperomia blanda (Piperaceae) yielded two C-glycosyl-flavones. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, chemical transformation and comparison with the related known compounds. The structure of the new flavonoids were established as 4`-methoxy-vitexin 7-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (1) (7-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4`-methoxy-apigenin) and vicenin-2 (2). The antioxidant activity of both compounds was investigated using the DPPH assay. Both compounds showed only modest activity, with IC50 values of 357.2 mu M for 1, and 90.5 mu M for 2. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lithium reduces Gsk3b mRNA levels: implications for Alzheimer Disease

There is evidence of increased systemic expression of active GSK3B in Alzheimer`s disease patients, which apparently is associated with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Due to its central role in the pathogenesis of AD, GSK3B is currently a promising target of the pharmaceutical industry. Whilst trials with specific GSK inhibitors in AD are under way, major attention has been focused on the neuroprotective effects of lithium. Whereas the direct and indirect inhibitory effects of lithium over GSK3 activity have been documented by several groups, its effects over Gsk3 transcription have not yet been addressed. We used quantitative PCR to evaluate the transcriptional regulation of Gsk3a and Gsk3b in lithium-treated primary cultures of rat cortical and hippocampal neurons. We found a significant and dose-dependent reduction in the expression of Gsk3b, which was specific to hippocampal cells. This same effect was further confirmed in vivo by measuring Gsk3 expression in different brain regions and in peripheral leukocytes of adult rats treated with lithium. Our studies show that LiCl can modulate Gsk3b transcription in vitro and in vivo. This observation suggest new regulatory effects of lithium over Gsk3b, contributing to the better understanding of its mechanisms of action, offering a new and complementary explanation for Gsk3b modulation and reinforcing its potential for the inhibition of key pathological pathways in Alzheimer`s disease.