937 resultados para Martin Heidegger (1889-1979)


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Chemical abstracts

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"Reprint from Air trails pictorial."

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

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A nagy német filozófus, Martin Heidegger szerint a modern technológia sodorja végveszélybe az emberi és természeti létezést. A modern technológia ökológiai és etikai veszélyessége kétségtelen, azonban csak a modern vállalati működés segítségével fejti ki a hatásait. A profit-hajszoló modern vállalatok azok, amelyek veszélyeztetik a természeti ökoszisztémák integritását és biológiai sokféleségét, a helyi közösségek autonómiáját és kultúráját, valamint a jövő generációk életesélyeit. A tanulmányban a profit-maximalizálás kritikáját vázoljuk fel, és a gazdasági racionalitás egy átfogó, ökológiai és etikai értelmezését adjuk. Nem a profit eltörléséről van szó, hanem a kíméletlen profit-hajszolás megregulázásáról. A profit a gazdasági cselekvés jogos és természetes gyümölcse, ha az azt létrehozó tevékenység fenntartható és etikus módon megy végbe.

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This thesis examines the phenomenological projection of space in two Cuban novels: La ninfa inconstante (2008) by Guillermo Cabrera Infante (1929–2005), and Todos se van (2006) by Wendy Guerra (1970–). Both novels are paradigmatic of two generations of Cuban writers who portray the city of Havana as a backdrop against which to project socio-political and biographical narratives. To problematize ethical and political omissions in the novels, this work incorporates disciplines such as philosophy, urbanism, architecture, sociology and literary theory. Through the concepts of prominent phenomenologists, such as Gaston Bachelard, Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, amongst others, this study evaluates how space becomes a construction to ambivalent dynamics of truth telling within contrasting, suffocating sociopolitical contexts. In addition, it explores how these phenomenological spaces are defined in relation to power. For instance, the Cuban Revolution, and its aftermath of more than 52 years, brings forth a sense of displacement and placelessness. The novels present and develop both authors’ spatial consciousness (that we call “ontological space”), which is not necessarily a container of three-dimensional objects, but instead, fictional emergent constructions. This thesis concludes that literature can become a meaningful space to cope with unbearable realities.

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Adoption establishes a filiation status, resulting from a legal act, which attributes to the child and parents the rights and obligations associated with such condition, being legally irrevocable. Nevertheless, in practice there are adoptions that do not concretize and the child returns to justice during or even after the legal process is closed. Late adoption is the denomination of the adoption of children over two years and it is still permeated by myths and stigmas, leading to a frequent return of the child to justice in these cases. The late adoption involves a process of building a unique relationship with a child whose backstory is commonly marked by the dissolution of the relationship with the family of origin, due to violation of rights and, in some cases, the experience of institutional care. Given such a scenario, this research, based on the Existential Analytic proposed by Martin Heidegger, seeks to understand the experience of mothers and children in the process of late adoption, in order to obtain subsidies to psychological attention in this context. This is a qualitative, phenomenological study with a comprehensive focus. The participants were two mothers and two children who have gone through late adoption for about two years. The procedures of data generation contemplated narrative interviews with mothers and individual meetings with children, in which ludic resources were used as mediators of expression (free drawings, unfinished children's story and "Story-Drawings" on late adoption). The procedures were audiotaped and transcribed. Data analysis was grounded in Heidegger's hermeneutics. The late adoption process, permeated by historical, social and cultural determinants and the web of meanings that create the historical singularity of each person involved have proved to be complex as seen in the narratives. The construction of the meanings of parenthood and filiation has been developing in the families in the study, from the experience of being-with-the-other, caring and dwelling in their peculiar modes of expression. The family of origin and the adoptive family mingle and differentiate by means of the experience of children, especially because of the existence of biological siblings. Data point to the importance of psychological care to family core in late adoption processes

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The literature review reveals that the field of Work Organizational Psychology, as well as the Mental Health of Work has been developing relevant research about the suffering and the world of work. This research intended to approach the unique experience of suffering in relation of the work, from the clinical view, taking the Heidegger’s phenomenological hermeneutics perspective as a reference. Inspired by the thought of the philosopher, sought to understand the suffering in their ontic and existential dimensions, in its limiting aspects; as the one who restricts the possibilities of relationship that man with others, putting in danger significances networks woven for him to deal with things and to live with others. The world of work has been envisioned as a space of possibilities for realization of the existence. Thus, the objective of this study is to understand how the suffering is experienced in relation to work, from the experience of professionals inserted in a judicial organization. The research, with the qualitative approach, used semi-structured individual interviews, whose narratives were analyzed from the heideggerian hermeneutic perspective. Three employees collaborated into this research. The narratives showed that the suffering is related with excess and diversity of tasks carried out by the same employee, associated with lack of acknowledgment of the work executed, and also with working relationship. In general way, the suffering revealed itself as helplessness, loneliness and lack of sense to the existence. We hope that this study enables the opening towards new horizons of understanding about the meanings and sense of work and their relationship networks, as well as contributes to the field of psychology in general

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A reading method (Cervo & Bervian, 1983) was applied to select psychology publications on health. The rejection of the biomedical model is a recurring theme in these publications. Its point of view is that the model is reductionistic because it emphasizes (1) the disease (2) as a body dysfunction and by consequence health is understood as the absence of disease. The implications of the biomedical model for health are biological materialism and physiological mechanicism. Psychology publications counterpoint to biomedicine is to include attention to life contexts and consider the role of individual behavior and lifestyle in the health-disease process. Those thoughts about the nature of health imply a conception of man, especially when some articles claim that Descartes’ ideas are the ground to biomedicine development. Psychology publications reviewed highlight health characteristics related to a different view of the human mode of being. The thesis presented develops an understanding that Martin Heidegger’s Dasein Analytic is a conception of human being consistent with the selected psychology works’ view of health. It means psychology’s discussion about what is health is based on an implicit approach to the human being, one that allows the rethinking of health. The heideggerian Dasein is a vision of man in tune with the comprehension of health presented in the selected publications. It is understood that the manner a human phenomenon is conceptualized is related even implicitly to a conception of man. To take into account health’s contextual aspects like society, environment, and culture call attention to the man world relationship to which Heidegger calls being in the world. To highlight the role of behavior on one’s own health makes a point of the relationship man has with her/his own being, which Heidegger calls mineness.

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This research deals with anorexia nervosa through the look of those who lived this experience. Eating Disorders have been presented as psychopathology increasingly recurrent in contemporary, being almost doubled incidence in the last 20 years, reaching mainly teenagers and bringing consequences and implications of various kinds. The literature points to the relevance of the current ideal of beauty, in which thinness is overvalued. In this case, the study’s objective was to understand, from an existential-phenomenological perspective, anorexia experience. Thus, when assessing the experience, seeking to understand the possible directions that the non-eating is for the person who lives such an experience. The study, of Heidegger's existential-phenomenological inspiration, used semi-structured interviews as a means of access to the experience. Female two people were interviewed, at the age of 17 and 30, began with a starter question ("How was, or how is, your anorexia experience?"), which allowed the interviewee to talk about their experience. For the selection of the study participant was publicized among health professionals, as well as in social networks and blogs, in which the research objectives and approaches have been made explicit. The field diary was also used as a methodological resource, seeking a greater approximation of the experiences of the interviewees and the researcher. The interviews were interpreted in the by Heidegger's hermeneutics. The meanings unveiled in the narratives revealed issues beyond the physical and pathological issue, being involved family, wishes, friends, experiences, life projects. The corporal, as thought by Martin Heidegger, became very present in the statements of the interviewees, as it is part of existence. Among the Heidegger´s ideas, emphasizes care, inhospitality, live, boredom, openness to possibilities and factuality, that might be discussed from interviewees' discourse, engendering reflections about their senses, in their lives.

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This research deals with anorexia nervosa through the look of those who lived this experience. Eating Disorders have been presented as psychopathology increasingly recurrent in contemporary, being almost doubled incidence in the last 20 years, reaching mainly teenagers and bringing consequences and implications of various kinds. The literature points to the relevance of the current ideal of beauty, in which thinness is overvalued. In this case, the study’s objective was to understand, from an existential-phenomenological perspective, anorexia experience. Thus, when assessing the experience, seeking to understand the possible directions that the non-eating is for the person who lives such an experience. The study, of Heidegger's existential-phenomenological inspiration, used semi-structured interviews as a means of access to the experience. Female two people were interviewed, at the age of 17 and 30, began with a starter question ("How was, or how is, your anorexia experience?"), which allowed the interviewee to talk about their experience. For the selection of the study participant was publicized among health professionals, as well as in social networks and blogs, in which the research objectives and approaches have been made explicit. The field diary was also used as a methodological resource, seeking a greater approximation of the experiences of the interviewees and the researcher. The interviews were interpreted in the by Heidegger's hermeneutics. The meanings unveiled in the narratives revealed issues beyond the physical and pathological issue, being involved family, wishes, friends, experiences, life projects. The corporal, as thought by Martin Heidegger, became very present in the statements of the interviewees, as it is part of existence. Among the Heidegger´s ideas, emphasizes care, inhospitality, live, boredom, openness to possibilities and factuality, that might be discussed from interviewees' discourse, engendering reflections about their senses, in their lives.

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The study presents the possibility of interpretation of axiological values of tourism as a practice conceived on a human being or Dasein as being-in-the-world of tourism. The value, as an object of Axiology, was considered the predictor of the human being conduct in the phenomenon reflecting this same value in tourism. The aim was to comprehend and interpret through the way of being of Dasein in tourism, which axiological values are chosen to the practice of tourism and the intentional feelings directed to these values. A phenomenological hermeneutics research with exploratory characteristics was accomplished in order to survey the values. Ten episodic interviews were conducted from the hermeneutic situation - constituted by fore-having, fore-sight and fore-conception of each Dasein interviewed, by adopting a sympathetic conduct and sympathy of Max Scheler and the use of emotional intuition to capture the intentional feelings, interpreted afterwards by the analysis of a Martin Heidegger's phenomenology in Being and Time. The results showed that, even without categorisation, the totality of the living experiences, the way of being of positive values outnumber the negatives ones in the existence of each Dasein, leading them to the Learning, which are comprising: experiences to provide self-knowledge, historical-cultural values, and memory as part of the learning experiences, hospitality as a way of openness and socio-cultural exchange, solidarity and peace. Intentional feelings directed at the values for the choice for practicing tourism were: love, happiness, pleasure, respect and trust. Four evidences were found concerning the use of sentimental perspective and intentional feeling of Scheler and regarding the logic of the heart of Pascal used by this author. The sociocultural interrelationships and exchanges form the basis for developing tourism as phenomenon. Therefore the character being-with or Mitsein is prevalent in tourism activities. Despite the learning was the purpose of the experiences, the ultimate goal was the improvement and personal enrichment of Dasein´s humanity development. The study also showed the hermeneutic phenomenological seeing opens the access of the living experiences of values, without making arbitrarily judgment and achieve "to the thing themselves", which, by the overlapping of categories, dispositions and intentional feelings, form the evaluative experiences and are possible to access through the fundamental ontology of Heidegger. The study contributes to broaden the vision concerning to the totality of tourism and the practitioners Dasein of it. As possibilities for deepening studies, was pointed out: the total person of Scheler; the care or Sorge as a form of love in Heidegger; happiness and pleasure in the practice of tourism and human flourishing or eudaimonia.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en ofrecer una reconstrucción sistemática del pensamiento de Cornelius Castoriadis, y de sus reflexiones particulares en el marco de la filosofía política y de la reflexión sobre la ontología. La reconstrucción de sus ideasen estos dos ámbitos busca visibilizar algunas dificultades teóricas que surgen al considerar en conjunto sus propuestas en el marco mismo de su comprensión del ser y de la estructura de lo real. En consecuencia, la hipótesis del trabajo es que resulta necesario reconsiderar algunos conceptos generales de la filosofía política propuesta por Castoriadis, a partir de un análisis detenido de su teoría ontológica. La estructura del trabajo se compone de una primera parte conformada por cuatro capítulos en la que se recupera una perspectiva general del pensamiento del autor, de su comprensión de la especificidad epistemológica del campo histórico social y su caracterización del proyecto de autonomía social e individual. Y una segunda parte en la que se exponen de manera sistemática sus reflexiones sobre la estructura de lo real y se las pone en diálogo con otras propuestas contemporáneas como el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger. Finalmente el trabajo ofrece algunas observaciones sobre las dificultades teóricas que pueden presentarse al evaluar la consistencia de sus tesis políticas en el marco de su caracterización de la estructura ontológica del ser

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El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en ofrecer una reconstrucción sistemática del pensamiento de Cornelius Castoriadis, y de sus reflexiones particulares en el marco de la filosofía política y de la reflexión sobre la ontología. La reconstrucción de sus ideasen estos dos ámbitos busca visibilizar algunas dificultades teóricas que surgen al considerar en conjunto sus propuestas en el marco mismo de su comprensión del ser y de la estructura de lo real. En consecuencia, la hipótesis del trabajo es que resulta necesario reconsiderar algunos conceptos generales de la filosofía política propuesta por Castoriadis, a partir de un análisis detenido de su teoría ontológica. La estructura del trabajo se compone de una primera parte conformada por cuatro capítulos en la que se recupera una perspectiva general del pensamiento del autor, de su comprensión de la especificidad epistemológica del campo histórico social y su caracterización del proyecto de autonomía social e individual. Y una segunda parte en la que se exponen de manera sistemática sus reflexiones sobre la estructura de lo real y se las pone en diálogo con otras propuestas contemporáneas como el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger. Finalmente el trabajo ofrece algunas observaciones sobre las dificultades teóricas que pueden presentarse al evaluar la consistencia de sus tesis políticas en el marco de su caracterización de la estructura ontológica del ser

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El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en ofrecer una reconstrucción sistemática del pensamiento de Cornelius Castoriadis, y de sus reflexiones particulares en el marco de la filosofía política y de la reflexión sobre la ontología. La reconstrucción de sus ideasen estos dos ámbitos busca visibilizar algunas dificultades teóricas que surgen al considerar en conjunto sus propuestas en el marco mismo de su comprensión del ser y de la estructura de lo real. En consecuencia, la hipótesis del trabajo es que resulta necesario reconsiderar algunos conceptos generales de la filosofía política propuesta por Castoriadis, a partir de un análisis detenido de su teoría ontológica. La estructura del trabajo se compone de una primera parte conformada por cuatro capítulos en la que se recupera una perspectiva general del pensamiento del autor, de su comprensión de la especificidad epistemológica del campo histórico social y su caracterización del proyecto de autonomía social e individual. Y una segunda parte en la que se exponen de manera sistemática sus reflexiones sobre la estructura de lo real y se las pone en diálogo con otras propuestas contemporáneas como el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger. Finalmente el trabajo ofrece algunas observaciones sobre las dificultades teóricas que pueden presentarse al evaluar la consistencia de sus tesis políticas en el marco de su caracterización de la estructura ontológica del ser