Immunocytes of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) : morphologic characterizations and correlations between healthy and disease states under free-ranging and captive conditions

Interest in the health of marine mammals has increased due, in part, to the attention given to human impact on the marine environment. Recent mass strandings of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and rising mortalities of the endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) have raised questions on the extent to which pollution, infectious disease, "stress," and captivity influence the immune system of these animals. This study has provided the first in-depth characterization of immunocytes in the peripheral blood of dolphins (n=180) and manatees (n=56). Immunocyte morphology and baseline values were determined in clinically normal animals under free-ranging, stranded and captive living conditions as well as by age and sex. Additionally, immuocyte population dynamics were characterized in sick animals. This was accomplished with traditional cytochemical techniques and new lymphocyte phenotyping methodology which was validated in this study. Traditional cytochemical techniques demonstrated that blood immunocyte morphology and cell numbers are similar to terrestrial mammals with some notable exceptions. The manatee heterophilic granulocyte is a morphologically unique cell and probably functions similarly to the typical mammalian neutrophil. Eosinophils were rarely found in manatees but were uncommonly high in healthy and sick dolphins. Basophils were not identified. Manatees had higher total lymphocyte numbers compared to dolphins and most terrestrial mammals. Lymphocyte subsets identified in healthy animals included Th, Tes, B and NK cells. Dolphin and manatee T and B cell values were higher than those reported in man and most terrestrial mammals. The manatee has extraordinarily high absolute numbers of circulating Th cells which suggests an enhanced immunological response capability. With few exceptions, immunocyte types and absolute numbers were not significantly different between free-ranging, stranded and captive categories or between sex and age categories. The evaluation of immunocyte dynamics in various disease states demonstrated a wide variation in cellular responses which provided new insights into innate, humoral and cell-mediated immunity in these species. Additionally, this study demonstrated that lymphocyte phenotyping has diagnostic significance and could be developed into a potential indicator of immunocompetence in both free-ranging and captive dolphin and manatee populations.

A contribution to knowledge of the biodiversity of Syrphidae (Diptera) in Spain

Data are provided on two hoverfly species new to the Iberian Peninsula, Brachyopa grunewaldensis Kassebeer and Criorhina floccosa (Meigen), and one new to Spain, Eumerus consimilis Šimić & Vujić. New habitat and breeding data are presented.

Author response to : Brough et al. in response to the recently published article : Lottering,N., MacGregor,D.M.,Barry,M.D.,Reynolds,M.S., Gregory,L.S., 2014. Introducing standardized protocols for anthropological measurement of virtual sub-adult crania using computed tomography 2(1),34–38

Firstly, we would like to thank Ms. Alison Brough and her colleagues for their positive commentary on our published work [1] and their appraisal of our utility of the “off-set plane” protocol for anthropometric analysis. The standardized protocols described in our manuscript have wide applications, ranging from forensic anthropology and paleodemographic research to clinical settings such as paediatric practice and orthopaedic surgical design. We affirm that the use of geometrically based reference tools commonly found in computer aided design (CAD) programs such as Geomagic Design X® are imperative for more automated and precise measurement protocols for quantitative skeletal analysis. Therefore we stand by our recommendation of the use of software such as Amira and Geomagic Design X® in the contexts described in our manuscript...

1/5/20 à Paris, [les cavaliers du service d'ordre près d'autobus vandalisés, porte St Martin] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59115

Catalogue des livres de feu M. l'abbé d'Orléans de Rothelin . Par G. Martin.

[Vente. Livres. 1746-04-14. Paris]

Traité en l'honneur du duc de Guyenne, adressé par Martin Girard à Jean de Beauveau, évêque d'Angers.

Oratoire.

Arrêt du grand conseil portant nouveau règlement pour les banquiers expéditionnaires en cour de Rome (En faveur de Jean-Emeric-Martin de la Bastide, pour la jouissance de la prévôté d'Arnac.)

[Acte. 1726-03-13. Paris]

L'âge d'admission des enfants au travail industriel, le travail de demi-temps / rapport présenté par M. Ét. Martin-Saint-Léon dans la séance du 14 mai 1903

Collection : Association pour la protection légale des travailleurs, section française ; [1e série], 3

Traités scientifiques d'Isaac MARTIN, secrétaire du roi.

Contient : I Traités Originaux portant le nom de l'auteur ; « Traicté de la Perspective », avec de nombreuses figures ; à la suite (pages 89 et suiv.), devait se trouver une série de dessins à la plume, dont il ne reste plus que deux (page 89, et page 91, anciennement cotée 103) ; « Arithmétique » ; « Practique de géométrie » ; II Traités Originaux sans nom d'auteur, mais d'Isaac Martin ; « Des règles de la Proportion » ; « De la Progression » arithmétique ; « De la Progression géométrique » ; « Des extractions de Racine » ; « Questions militaires sur la Racine quarrée » ; Figures de géométrie