O luxo, as mulheres e as relações públicas: entendendo o consumo de valores

This work aims to study the luxury and discuss their applications in business, through the vision of a public relations professional. The author believes that luxury is based on high product quality at all stages that involve the co nsumption of this, and public relations professional is able to show how to use because it is trained to recognize and communicate with the most different audiences. Therefore, understanding the concept of luxury not only as a market, but guiding values in contemporary society, and from this concept of questioning, seeking to apply it, becomes, as proposed in this paper, a goal for any company want to keep the market through customer acquisition

Memorial Stadium: Expansion, Renovation, Addition

The Memorial Stadium project will investigate the current conditions of facilities, study existing programs with regard to renovation and modification, and establish capacities for expansion. The project necessitates knowledge of sports facilities and the specific needs of the football program. This may involve research into the need of individuals ranging from the players themselves to the coaches, and ultimately the fans as well. The result will lead to a program which provides excellent solutions to the found needs. It is assumed that these needs will include updated training, locker room, and medical facilities for the athletes. Other programs include offices and meeting rooms for coaches, additional seating for fans—raising overall seating capacity of Memorial Stadium, as well as the possible addition of luxury skyboxes. Existing spaces will be scrutinized and renovation options will be explored. Programs may be changed or moved within the existing stadium spaces. Study will uncover the most feasible and reasonable solutions to programming spaces within the stadiums current facilities. This project will seek to connect the architecture of a stadium with the experience of the game. The design of athletic facilities and the addition of seating will embody the tradition of winning and the excitement of the future for Nebraska Football in Memorial Stadium. Mark Hoistad, mentor.

La salute: un diritto o un lusso?

Il diritto a un minimo decente di assistenza sanitaria – spesso chiamato, più semplicemente, diritto alla salute – fa parte dei cosiddetti diritti di seconda generazione, cioè quelli che richiedono un impegno attivo da parte dello stato per assicurare ad ogni cittadino la possibilità di una vita dignitosa. Il diritto alla salute si trova enunciato nei più importanti documenti internazionali, a partire dalla Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell’uomo (1948), e nella maggior parte delle costituzioni nazionali, compresa quella italiana. Tuttavia, nel Sud del mondo, la sua applicazione è ostacolata da un gran numero di fattori (povertà, guerre, corruzione politica, ecc.); cosicché la maggior parte degli esseri umani vive in società prive di un sistema sanitario nazionale, cadendo vittima di malattie facilmente curabili o prevenibili. Per affrontare questo problema, la cooperazione sanitaria internazionale ha sperimentato nel tempo due diverse forme di intervento: una incentrata sulla diffusione dell’assistenza sanitaria di base (come raccomandato dalla Conferenza di Alma-Ata del 1978), l’altra sui cosiddetti “programmi verticali”, i quali agiscono su singole malattie o branche della sanità. Nessuno dei due approcci però ha prodotto i risultati sperati. L’Ong italiana Emergency propone un modello di cooperazione sanitaria per molti aspetti innovativo: esso si fonda su progetti autogestiti e totalmente gratuiti (che vanno dalla pediatria alla chirurgia di guerra alla cardiochirurgia) ed è capace di incidere sul tessuto sociale nel quale si inserisce, fino ad influenzare le scelte politiche delle autorità locali. Solamente intervenendo in un modo simile sui determinanti sociali della salute, sembra possibile migliorare realmente lo stato di salute delle popolazioni più povere e garantire così la prima delle condizioni necessarie perché ogni persona abbia la possibilità di vivere una vita decente.

The role of indigenous people in national development processes: Participation and marginalisation of indigenous Bedouin in South Sinai tourism development

The Bedouin of South Sinai have been significantly affected by the politics of external powers for a long time. However, never had the interest of external powers in Sinai been so strong as since the Israeli-Egyptian wars in the second half of the 20th century when Bedouin interests started to collide with Egypt’s plans for a development of luxury tourism in South Sinai. rnrnThe tourism boom that has started in the 1980s has brought economic and infrastructure development to the Bedouin and tourism has become the most important source of income for the Bedouin. However, while the absolute increase of tourists to Sinai has trickled down to the Bedouin to some extent, the participation of Bedouin in the overall tourism development is under-proportionate. Moreover, the Bedouin have become increasingly dependent on monetary income and consequently from tourism as the only significant source of income while at the same time they have lost much of their land as well as their self-determination.rnrnIn this context, the Bedouin livelihoods have become very vulnerable due to repeated depressions in the tourism industry as well as marginalization. Major marginalization processes the Bedouin are facing are the loss of land, barriers to market entry, especially increasingly strict rules and regulations in the tourism industry, as well as discrimination by the authorities. Social differentiation and Bedouin preferences are identified as further factors in Bedouin marginalization.rnrnThe strategies Bedouin have developed in response to all these problems are coping strategies, which try to deal with the present problem at the individual level. Basically no strategies have been developed at the collective level that would aim to actively shape the Bedouin’s present and future. Collective action has been hampered by a variety of factors, such as the speed of the developments, the distribution of power or the decay of tribal structures.rnWhile some Bedouin might be able to continue their tourism activities, a large number of informal jobs will not be feasible anymore. The majority of the previously mostly self-employed Bedouin will probably be forced to work as day-laborers who will have lost much of their pride, dignity, sovereignty and freedom. Moreover, with a return to subsistence being impossible for the majority of the Bedouin, it is likely that an increasing number of marginalized Bedouin will turn to illegal income generating activities such as smuggling or drug cultivation. This in turn will lead to further repression and discrimination and could escalate in a serious violent conflict between the Bedouin and the government.rnrnDevelopment plans and projects should address the general lack of civil rights, local participation and protection of minorities in Egypt and promote Bedouin community development and the consideration of Bedouin interests in tourism development.rnrnWether the political upheavals and the resignation of president Mubarak at the beginning of 2011 will have a positive effect on the situation of the Bedouin remains to be seen.rn

Combined use of pulsed arterial spin-labeling and susceptibility-weighted imaging in stroke at 3T

Background and Purpose: In acute stroke it is no longer sufficient to detect simply ischemia, but also to try to evaluate reperfusion/recanalization status and predict eventual hemorrhagic transformation. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion may have advantages over contrast-enhanced perfusion-weighted imaging (cePWI), and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) has an intrinsic sensitivity to paramagnetic effects in addition to its ability to detect small areas of bleeding and hemorrhage. We want to determine here if their combined use in acute stroke and stroke follow-up at 3T could bring new insight into the diagnosis and prognosis of stroke leading to eventual improved patient management. Methods: We prospectively examined 41 patients admitted for acute stroke (NIHSS >1). Early imaging was performed between 1 h and 2 weeks. The imaging protocol included ASL, cePWI, SWI, T2 and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in addition to standard stroke protocol. Results: We saw four kinds of imaging patterns based on ASL and SWI: patients with either hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion on ASL with or without changes on SWI. Hyperperfusion was observed on ASL in 12/41 cases, with hyperperfusion status that was not evident on conventional cePWI images. Signs of hemorrhage or blood-brain barrier breakdown were visible on SWI in 15/41 cases, not always resulting in poor outcome (2/15 were scored mRS = 0–6). Early SWI changes, together with hypoperfusion, were associated with the occurrence of hemorrhage. Hyperperfusion on ASL, even when associated with hemorrhage detected on SWI, resulted in good outcome. Hyperperfusion predicted a better outcome than hypoperfusion (p = 0.0148). Conclusions: ASL is able to detect acute-stage hyperperfusion corresponding to luxury perfusion previously reported by PET studies. The presence of hyperperfusion on ASL-type perfusion seems indicative of reperfusion/collateral flow that is protective of hemorrhagic transformation and a marker of favorable tissue outcome. The combination of hypoperfusion and changes on SWI seems on the other hand to predict hemorrhage and/or poor outcome.

The function of secretory IgA in the context of the intestinal continuum of adaptive immune responses in host-microbial mutualism

The large production of immunoglobulin (Ig)A is energetically costly. The fact that evolution retained this apparent luxury of intestinal class switch recombination to IgA within the human population strongly indicates that there must be a critical specific function of IgA for survival of the species. The function of IgA has been investigated in a series of different models that will be discussed here. While IgA has clear protective functions against toxins or in the context of intestinal viral infections, the function of IgA specific for non-pathogenic commensal bacteria remains unclear. In the context of the current literature we present a hypothesis where secretory IgA integrates as an additional layer of immune function into the continuum of intestinal CD4 T cell responses, to achieve a mutualistic relationship between the intestinal commensal microbiota and the host.

Luxurious Merovingian Textiles Excavated from Burials in the Saint Denis Basilica, France, 6th-7th century

A new examination of the textile fragments found in the Merovingian burials in the basilica of Saint Denis, near Paris, has recently underscored the diversity of fabrics used to make garments in which members of the royal court were buried. Among them, some woolens of fine quality had been dyed with indigotin. The most astonishing fibre found belongs to a mixed textile (not skin) with beaver fibers and wool. Silks contained shellfish purple and in one case kermes? Two dyestuffs associated with royalty and privilege. Along with this was large number of gold threads, probably produced locally and that were used in tablet-woven borders or for embroideries. In addition, several figured silks, of oriental origin, testify to the importance of this "foreign" material and the taste for textiles woven with complex techniques and probably what had originally had beautiful designs. Although none of these designs have been preserved and many colors have been greatly damaged, the technical characteristics of the remnants indicate proveniences as far as Byzantium, Sassanid Persia and the Chinese court. Such precious textiles show the high social status and political power of the Merovingian court, a testament to their ability to access such luxurious and costly textiles through diplomacy and/or trade with other powerful empires. The examination of these rare textiles along with other fine silks and luxury objects from the same period found in France expand our view of the fundamental role of textiles in the political sphere of this early period of European history.

A framework for benchmarking of homogenisation algorithm performance on the global scale

The International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) is striving towards substantively improving our ability to robustly understand historical land surface air temperature change at all scales. A key recently completed first step has been collating all available records into a comprehensive open access, traceable and version-controlled databank. The crucial next step is to maximise the value of the collated data through a robust international framework of benchmarking and assessment for product intercomparison and uncertainty estimation. We focus on uncertainties arising from the presence of inhomogeneities in monthly mean land surface temperature data and the varied methodological choices made by various groups in building homogeneous temperature products. The central facet of the benchmarking process is the creation of global-scale synthetic analogues to the real-world database where both the "true" series and inhomogeneities are known (a luxury the real-world data do not afford us). Hence, algorithmic strengths and weaknesses can be meaningfully quantified and conditional inferences made about the real-world climate system. Here we discuss the necessary framework for developing an international homogenisation benchmarking system on the global scale for monthly mean temperatures. The value of this framework is critically dependent upon the number of groups taking part and so we strongly advocate involvement in the benchmarking exercise from as many data analyst groups as possible to make the best use of this substantial effort.

Emissions Control and the Regulation of Product Markets: The Case of Automobiles

The paper investigates alternative policies to regulate emissions from polluting product markets, specifically considering the case of the automobiles market. The two policies we consider are: a quota that limits the quantity produced of the polluting model and a more flexible average efficiency standard that requires a minimum energy efficiency across all models produced by a firm, similar to the US Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. We use a duopoly model of vertical differentiation where firms produce both an economy (i.e., low polluting) version and a luxury (i.e., high polluting) version of a given product. We show that while a quota can raise firm profit over a certain range, CAFE always reduces firm profit relative to the pre-regulation. We also show that while the quota reduces emissions, it is possible that emissions increase under CAFE. The optimal policy choice will depend on the magnitude of unit damages. We show that when unit damages are sufficiently high, the quota policy is more efficient than the average efficiency standard. This suggests that instead of tightening CAFE to limit damages from emissions, policy makers can shift to a quota policy which is both welfare enhancing and more profitable for firms.

¿Es la pobreza un determinante crucial de participación económica de niños, niñas y adolescentes? : Una exploración con datos de algunas regiones de Argentina

De acuerdo con los modelos teóricos más usados para el estudio del trabajo infantil, uno de los principales determinantes de su nivel es la pobreza del hogar en el que residen los niños. Más concretamente, Basu y Van (1998) plantean a nivel teórico el llamado por ellos ?luxury axiom? (la), según el cual los hogares están comandados por padres altruistas y pobres que recurren al trabajo infantil como un medio de escapar de la pobreza. Según este mismo esquema teórico y si la economía está en una situación de equilibrio múltiple, puede que la aplicación efectiva de las leyes que prohíben el trabajo infantil provoque un empeoramiento del bienestar de los hogares y aumente la pobreza. Para que esto se dé, es necesario también que el otro axioma del modelo de Basu y Van (1998), el ?complementary axiom?, no se verifique en la realidad. Con datos provenientes de la Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (EANNA) realizada en la Argentina en 2004, se exploran empíricamente estas hipótesis. En primer lugar, se trata de examinar en qué medida el ingreso familiar estaría actuando como un determinante de la participación económica de niños entre 5 y 17 años. Luego se procede a analizar la cuestión simulando una situación de política pública que reduzca en un porcentaje dado la participación económica de niños, niñas y adolescentes y observando su impacto sobre las tasas de pobreza de las distintas regiones de la Argentina. También se analizan hipótesis específicas, como, por ejemplo, la endogeneidad del ingreso familiar total que estaría recibiendo los efectos de un moral hazard en la conducta de los adultos

¿Es la pobreza un determinante crucial de participación económica de niños, niñas y adolescentes? : Una exploración con datos de algunas regiones de Argentina

De acuerdo con los modelos teóricos más usados para el estudio del trabajo infantil, uno de los principales determinantes de su nivel es la pobreza del hogar en el que residen los niños. Más concretamente, Basu y Van (1998) plantean a nivel teórico el llamado por ellos ?luxury axiom? (la), según el cual los hogares están comandados por padres altruistas y pobres que recurren al trabajo infantil como un medio de escapar de la pobreza. Según este mismo esquema teórico y si la economía está en una situación de equilibrio múltiple, puede que la aplicación efectiva de las leyes que prohíben el trabajo infantil provoque un empeoramiento del bienestar de los hogares y aumente la pobreza. Para que esto se dé, es necesario también que el otro axioma del modelo de Basu y Van (1998), el ?complementary axiom?, no se verifique en la realidad. Con datos provenientes de la Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (EANNA) realizada en la Argentina en 2004, se exploran empíricamente estas hipótesis. En primer lugar, se trata de examinar en qué medida el ingreso familiar estaría actuando como un determinante de la participación económica de niños entre 5 y 17 años. Luego se procede a analizar la cuestión simulando una situación de política pública que reduzca en un porcentaje dado la participación económica de niños, niñas y adolescentes y observando su impacto sobre las tasas de pobreza de las distintas regiones de la Argentina. También se analizan hipótesis específicas, como, por ejemplo, la endogeneidad del ingreso familiar total que estaría recibiendo los efectos de un moral hazard en la conducta de los adultos

¿Es la pobreza un determinante crucial de participación económica de niños, niñas y adolescentes? : Una exploración con datos de algunas regiones de Argentina

De acuerdo con los modelos teóricos más usados para el estudio del trabajo infantil, uno de los principales determinantes de su nivel es la pobreza del hogar en el que residen los niños. Más concretamente, Basu y Van (1998) plantean a nivel teórico el llamado por ellos ?luxury axiom? (la), según el cual los hogares están comandados por padres altruistas y pobres que recurren al trabajo infantil como un medio de escapar de la pobreza. Según este mismo esquema teórico y si la economía está en una situación de equilibrio múltiple, puede que la aplicación efectiva de las leyes que prohíben el trabajo infantil provoque un empeoramiento del bienestar de los hogares y aumente la pobreza. Para que esto se dé, es necesario también que el otro axioma del modelo de Basu y Van (1998), el ?complementary axiom?, no se verifique en la realidad. Con datos provenientes de la Encuesta de Actividades de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (EANNA) realizada en la Argentina en 2004, se exploran empíricamente estas hipótesis. En primer lugar, se trata de examinar en qué medida el ingreso familiar estaría actuando como un determinante de la participación económica de niños entre 5 y 17 años. Luego se procede a analizar la cuestión simulando una situación de política pública que reduzca en un porcentaje dado la participación económica de niños, niñas y adolescentes y observando su impacto sobre las tasas de pobreza de las distintas regiones de la Argentina. También se analizan hipótesis específicas, como, por ejemplo, la endogeneidad del ingreso familiar total que estaría recibiendo los efectos de un moral hazard en la conducta de los adultos

Service needs forecasting: an approach for the automotive industry using analogies with medical ER management models.

During the past years, the industry has shifted position and moved towards “the luxury universe” whose customers are demanding, treating individuals as unique and valued customer for the business, offering vehicles produced with the state of the art technologies and implementing the highest finishing standards. Due to the competitive level in the market, car makers enable processes which equalizes customer services to E.R. management, being dealt with the maximum urgency that allows the comparison between both, car workshops and emergency rooms, where workshop bays or ramps will be equal to emergency boxes and skilled technicians are equivalent to the health care specialist, who will carry out tests and checks prior to afford any final operation, keeping the “patient” under control before it is back to normal utilization. This paper establishes a valid model for the automotive industry to estimate customer service demand forecasting under variable demand conditions using analogies with patient demand models used for the medical ER.

SERVICE NEEDS FORECASTING: An Approach for the Motor Industry Using Analogies with Medical ER Management Models.

During the past years, the industry has shifted position and moved towards “the luxury universe” whose customers are demanding, treating individuals as unique and valued customer for the business, offering vehicles produced with the state of the art technologies and implementing the highest finishing standards. Due to the competitive level in the market, motor makers enable processes which equalizes customer services to E.R. management, being dealt with the maximum urgency that allows the comparison between both, car workshops and emergency rooms, where workshop bays or ramps will be equal to emergency boxes and skilled technicians are equivalent to the health care specialist, who will carry out tests and checks prior to afford any final operation, keeping the “patient” under control before it is back to normal utilization. This paper ratify a valid model for the automotive industry to estimate customer service demand forecasting under variable demand conditions using analogies with patient demand models used for the medical ER