Étude morphologique comparative du sang de quelques poissons marins: la phagocytose des substance inertes

Morphological studies on fish blood have been undertaken by many authors. The species used for the present study are: Arius thalassimus, Diploprion bifasciatum, Epinephelus maculatus, Lutjanus chrysotaenia, Lutjanus sanguineus, Scolopsis dubiosus, Plectorhynchus lineatus, Pomacanthus semicirculatus, Platax orbicularis, Amphiprion polylepis, Pseudoscarus nuchipunctatus, Seriola nigrofasciata, Pseudorhombus neglectus, Cynoglossus bilineatus, Acanthurus strigosus, Balistes stellatus.

Composición de los peces capturados y la madurez sexual de las especies de “pargo” (lutjanidae), en Los Cóbanos, Sonsonate

La composición de las capturas de la pesca artesanal en Los Cóbanos, Sonsonate, fue recolectada de febrero a julio de 2000. Se identificaron 2 clases dominantes de peces: Quinogas y Pargos; dentro de los pargos las tres especies presentes son: Lutjanus argentiventris, Lutjanus guttatus y Lutjanus peru. Las capturas de Quinoga representaron mayores volúmenes de captura en comparación con las demás especies debido a que el apero de pesca utilizado para su captura es redes; aunque el Pargo representó menores volúmenes de captura, su aparición fue más constante y su volumen representativo fue de 40.5% del total en todos los meses de muestreo; a pesar que el apero utilizado fue la línea de mano, debido a que estas son especies de mayor importancia para ellos. En la madurez sexual de las tres especies de Pargos capturados, se observó que la mayoría de las especies se encontraron en el estadio III (36%), lo cual indica una maduración inicial; la Pargueta (Lutjanus argentiventris) fue capturada con un tamaño promedio de 31.03 cm, con una talla mínima de captura de 15 cm y talla máxima de 60 cm para; para el Pargo (Lutjanus guttatus) el tamaño promedio fue 29.4 cm con una talla mínima capturada de 15 cm y talla máxima de 45 cm; las tallas del Guachinango (Lutjanus peru) fueron de 28.28 cm como talla promedio, como talla mínima 15 cm y como talla máxima 44 cm. Del 100% de especies capturadas el 26 % se encontraban en el estadio I y II (inmaduro); el 36% se encontraba en el estadio III (maduración) y el 38% se encontraba en los estadios IV, V y VI. La relación existente entre las tallas de los especímenes y la madurez sexual observada a través de los estadios sexuales guardó una relación lineal, es decir a menores tallas las observaciones de madurez sexual recaen en los estadios menores I y II y proporcionalmente en mayores tallas se concentran individuos con estadios mayores de madurez sexual (III y IV).

Projeto raia de fogo: aspectos populacionais da raia de fogo (Dasyatis marianae Gomes, Rosa & Gadig, 2000) e pesca de elasmobrânquios no complexo recifal do Parracho de Maracajaú

The species Dasyatis marianae inhabits coastal areas associated with coral reefs, considered endemic to the northeast of Brazil, occurring from the State of Maranhão to the south of Bahia. Specimens of this species are commonly sighted by divers and fishermen in the area of Maracajaú reefs, a complex reef that is part of the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (EPACR), which was developed in this study about the ecology and biology of the D. marianae, in order to characterize aspects of population structure in the area of the reef complex of Parracho de Maracajaú. We analyzed 120 specimens caught by artisanal fishing site of the size, weight, sex, stage of maturity and stomach contents. Most subjects were adult males (1.7:1) and was more abundant for rays with lengths between 25 and 29cm of LD, where females reach larger sizes, a feature common to other rays. The largest specimens were captured in the area of seagrass, which is preferred for the species. The distribution of species in the area showed an ontogenetic and sexual segregation, where the youthful occur near the beach, which is a likely area for nursery and growth of the adult females prevail in the seagrass, which apparently has a high prey availability, and Adult males are more distant, a higher proportion occurring in outlying areas, suggesting a habit more exploratory than the females. The evaluation of the reproductive system indicated 3 reproductive cycles per year, one young per pregnancy, and showed that the mature males were smaller than females. The cubs of D. marianae size at birth 12 to 15cm LD. As for diet, the species was characterized as carnivorous crustacean specialist. The performance of visual censuses in different localities allowed to evaluate the density of D. marianae in different environments of the complex. The species occurs in greater numbers in seagrass, environment very important for the conservation of the species. 100 individuals of D. marianae marked in reef complex area enrolled in a recapture rate of 3%. Some behavioral aspects were evaluated, as diurnal pattern of activity, interaction with cleaning and fish Pomacanthus paru followers as Lutjanus analis and Carangoides bartholomaei. Overall, much of the information obtained should be used for management of the species

Ecomorfologia de dez espécies de peixes marinhos mais abundantes de Galinhos/RN

Ecomorphology is a science based on the idea that morphological differences among species could be associated with distinct biological and environmental pressures suffered by them. These differences can be studied employing morphological and biometric indexes denominated Ecomorphological attributes , representing standards that express characteristics of the individual in relation to its environment, and can be interpreted as indicators of life habits or adaptations suffered due its occupation of different habitats. This work aims to contribute for the knowledge of the ecomorphology of the Brazilian marine ichthyofauna, specifically from Galinhos, located at Rio Grande do Norte state. 10 different species of fish were studied, belonging the families Gerreidae (Eucinostomus argenteus), Haemulidae (Orthopristis ruber,Pomadasyscorvinaeformis,Haemulonaurolineatum,Haemulonplumieri,Haemulonsteindachneri), Lutjanidae (Lutjanus synagris), Paralichthyidae (Syaciummicrurum), Bothidae (Bothus ocellatus) and Tetraodontidae (Sphoeroidestestudineus), which were obtained during five collections, in the period time of September/2004 to April/2005, utilizing three special nets. The ecomorphological study was performed at the laboratory. Eight to ten samples of each fish specie were measured. Fifteen morphological aspects were considered to calculate twelve ecomorphological attributes. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis were done to identify ecmorphological patterns to describe the data set obtained. As results, H.aurolineatumwas the most abundant specie found (23,03%) and S.testudineusthe less one with 0,23%. The 1st Principal component showed variation of 60,03% with influence of the ecomorphological attribute related to body morphology, while the 2nd PC with 23,25% variation had influence of the ecomorphological attribute related to oral morphology. The Cluster Analiysis promoted the identification of three distinct groups Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes and Tetraodontiformes. Based on the obtained data, considering morphological characters differences among the species studied, we suggest that all of them live at the medium (E.argenteus,O.rubber, P.corvinaeformis,H.aurolineatum,H.plumieri,H.steindachneri,L.synagris) and bottom (S.micrurum,B.ocellatus,S.testudineus) region of column water.

Does Landscape Context Affect Habitat Value? The Importance of Seascape Ecology in Back-reef Systems

Seascape ecology provides a useful framework from which to understand the processes governing spatial variability in ecological patterns. Seascape context, or the composition and pattern of habitat surrounding a focal patch, has the potential to impact resource availability, predator-prey interactions, and connectivity with other habitats. For my dissertation research, I combined a variety of approaches to examine how habitat quality for fishes is influenced by a diverse range of seascape factors in sub-tropical, back-reef ecosystems. In the first part of my dissertation, I examined how seascape context can affect reef fish communities on an experimental array of artificial reefs created in various seascape contexts in Abaco, Bahamas. I found that the amount of seagrass at large spatial scales was an important predictor of community assembly on these reefs. Additionally, seascape context had differing effects on various aspects of habitat quality for the most common reef species, White grunt Haemulon plumierii. The amount of seagrass at large spatial scales had positive effects on fish abundance and secondary production, but not on metrics of condition and growth. The second part of my dissertation focused on how foraging conditions for fish varied across a linear seascape gradient in the Loxahatchee River estuary in Florida, USA. Gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus, traded food quality for quantity along this estuarine gradient, maintaining similar growth rates and condition among sites. Additional work focused on identifying major energy flow pathways to two consumers in oyster-reef food webs in the Loxahatchee. Algal and microphytobenthos resource pools supported most of the production to these consumers, and body size for one of the consumers mediated food web linkages with surrounding mangrove habitats. All of these studies examined a different facet of the importance of seascape context in governing ecological processes occurring in focal habitats and underscore the role of connectivity among habitats in back-reef systems. The results suggest that management approaches consider the surrounding seascape when prioritizing areas for conservation or attempting to understand the impacts of seascape change on focal habitat patches. For this reason, spatially-based management approaches are recommended to most effectively manage back-reef systems.