959 resultados para Logical positivism.


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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Geographic Data Warehouses (GDW) are one of the main technologies used in decision-making processes and spatial analysis, and the literature proposes several conceptual and logical data models for GDW. However, little effort has been focused on studying how spatial data redundancy affects SOLAP (Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing) query performance over GDW. In this paper, we investigate this issue. Firstly, we compare redundant and non-redundant GDW schemas and conclude that redundancy is related to high performance losses. We also analyze the issue of indexing, aiming at improving SOLAP query performance on a redundant GDW. Comparisons of the SB-index approach, the star-join aided by R-tree and the star-join aided by GiST indicate that the SB-index significantly improves the elapsed time in query processing from 25% up to 99% with regard to SOLAP queries defined over the spatial predicates of intersection, enclosure and containment and applied to roll-up and drill-down operations. We also investigate the impact of the increase in data volume on the performance. The increase did not impair the performance of the SB-index, which highly improved the elapsed time in query processing. Performance tests also show that the SB-index is far more compact than the star-join, requiring only a small fraction of at most 0.20% of the volume. Moreover, we propose a specific enhancement of the SB-index to deal with spatial data redundancy. This enhancement improved performance from 80 to 91% for redundant GDW schemas.

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Neste artigo tivemos a intenção de oferecer ao leitor o resumo de um dos aspectos mais importantes da análise estrutural que realizamos, durante décadas, do texto de Jean Piaget, sobretudo as estreitas relações entre a Biologia e a Lógica na construção e na explicação do conhecimento científico. Nesse sentido, procuramos demonstrar que, a partir dos conceitos de implicação significante e de imagem mental criados por Piaget, um novo campo de investigações se abre, a saber, aquele que denominamos como o dos sistemas de significação não lógica, campo de suma relevância e que vem preencher uma secular lacuna entre a razão e a emoção até hoje presente nas pesquisas sobre os fenômenos normais e patológicos do psiquismo.

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Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar metodologias para elaboração de índices de preços para o transporte de cargas. O estudo das principais fórmulas da Teoria Econômica culminou com a conclusão que os Índices de Fisher e Walsh são aqueles capazes de atender ao maior número de preceitos lógicos, estatísticos e econômicos. Em seguida, surgem os índices geométricos de Törnqvist, Vartia e Theil. Os Índices de Laspeyres e Paasche, apesar de apresentarem algumas limitações, acabam sendo amplamente utilizados, graças a maior capacidade de operacionalização. A pesquisa apresentou um estudo de caso para o transporte da soja em grão. Foram realizados quatro tratamentos. Obteve-se a variação acumulada no nível geral de preços para o transporte rodoviário de soja no Brasil, no período entre fevereiro de 1998 e março de 2002. De acordo com os resultados, essa variação acumulada teria sido de 76%.

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A Epistemologia Genética defende que o indivíduo passa por várias etapas de desenvolvimento ao longo da sua vida. O desenvolvimento é observado pela sobreposição do equilíbrio entre a assimilação e a acomodação, resultando em adaptação. Assim, nesta formulação, o ser humano assimila os dados que obtém do exterior, mas uma vez que já tem uma estrutura mental que não está vazia, precisa adaptar esses dados à estrutura mental já existe. O processo de modificação de si próprio é chamado de acomodação. Este esquema revela que nenhum conhecimento chega do exterior sem que sofra alguma alteração pelo indivíduo, sendo que tudo o que se aprende é influenciado por aquilo que já havia sido aprendido. A assimilação ocorre quando a informação é incorporada às estruturas já pré-existentes nessa dinâmica estrutura cognitiva, enquanto que a adaptação ocorre quando o organismo se modifica de alguma maneira de modo a incorporar dinamicamente a nova informação. Por fim, de um pensamento moderno que, buscando a síntese inusitada entre o biológico e o lógico-matemático, parece encontrar seus limites na desconstrução ainda mais inusitada a que tende sistematicamente todo o pensamento na atualidade: a de si mesmo se construindo de modo essencialmente esclarecido

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A Epistemologia Genética defende que o indivíduo passa por várias etapas de desenvolvimento ao longo da sua vida. O desenvolvimento é observado pela sobreposição do equilíbrio entre a assimilação e a acomodação, resultando em adaptação. Assim, nesta formulação, o ser humano assimila os dados que obtém do exterior, mas uma vez que já tem uma estrutura mental que não está vazia, precisa adaptar esses dados à estrutura mental já existe. O processo de modificação de si próprio é chamado de acomodação. Este esquema revela que nenhum conhecimento chega do exterior sem que sofra alguma alteração pelo indivíduo, sendo que tudo o que se aprende é influenciado por aquilo que já havia sido aprendido. A assimilação ocorre quando a informação é incorporada às estruturas já pré-existentes nessa dinâmica estrutura cognitiva, enquanto que a adaptação ocorre quando o organismo se modifica de alguma maneira de modo a incorporar dinamicamente a nova informação. Por fim, de um pensamento moderno que, buscando a síntese inusitada entre o biológico e o lógico-matemático, parece encontrar seus limites na desconstrução ainda mais inusitada a que tende sistematicamente todo o pensamento na atualidade: a de si mesmo se construindo de modo essencialmente esclarecido

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Ethno-sciences study the logical behind the traditional population knowledge about environmental process. This case study aims at describing the ethno-knowledge of artisanal fishermen on the hydrodynamics of the estuary around Coreia community (Saco do Arraial), located in Dos Patos Lagoon, in southern Brazil, from an ethnooceangraphic perspective. For this purpose, mental maps, open-ended and in-depth semi-structured interviewing and participative research have been used. As well as scientific knowledge, rains and winds were had main hydrodynamic effort of Saco do Arraial, although astronomic influence in located hydrodynamic has been just a perception of traditional knowledge. Soon, these data have shown another important way to perceive the Patos Lagoon.

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In this article are discussed some problems raised by T. S. Rukmani regarding the Yogasutra. According to Rukmani, yoga is not a coherent logical system. After stating the general goals of the yoga system, interpretations of some passages of the Yogasutra are formulated, and the defense is given that one must at least acknowledge the necessity of more exegetical investigation before judging the logical incoherence of the text. Finally, the problematic doctrine of living liberation in Yogasutra is exposed.

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In this paper, we consider Meneghetti & Bicudo's proposal (2003) regarding the constitution of mathematical knowledge and analyze it with respect to the following two focuses: in relation to conceptions of mathematical knowledge following the fundamentalist crisis in mathematics; and in the educational context of mathematics. The investigation of the first focus is done analyzing new claims in mathematical philosophy. The investigation of the second focus is done firstly via a theoretical reflection followed by an examination of the implementation of the proposal in the process of development of didactic materials for teaching and learning Mathematics. Finally, we present the main results of the application of one of those materials.

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The existence of quantum correlation (as revealed by quantum discord), other than entanglement and its role in quantum-information processing (QIP), is a current subject for discussion. In particular, it has been suggested that this nonclassical correlation may provide computational speedup for some quantum algorithms. In this regard, bulk nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been successfully used as a test bench for many QIP implementations, although it has also been continuously criticized for not presenting entanglement in most of the systems used so far. In this paper, we report a theoretical and experimental study on the dynamics of quantum and classical correlations in an NMR quadrupolar system. We present a method for computing the correlations from experimental NMR deviation-density matrices and show that, given the action of the nuclear-spin environment, the relaxation produces a monotonic time decay in the correlations. Although the experimental realizations were performed in a specific quadrupolar system, the main results presented here can be applied to whichever system uses a deviation-density matrix formalism.

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Background: Schistosomiasis continues to be a significant public health problem. This disease affects 200 million people worldwide and almost 800 million people are at risk of acquiring the infection. Although vaccine development against this disease has experienced more failures than successes, encouraging results have recently been obtained using membrane-spanning protein antigens from the tegument of Schistosoma mansoni. Our group recently identified Sm29, another antigen that is present at the adult worm tegument surface. In this study, we investigated murine cellular immune responses to recombinant (r) Sm29 and tested this protein as a vaccine candidate. Methods and Findings: We first show that Sm29 is located on the surface of adult worms and lung-stage schistosomula through confocal microscopy. Next, immunization of mice with rSm29 engendered 51%, 60% and 50% reduction in adult worm burdens, in intestinal eggs and in liver granuloma counts, respectively (p<0.05). Protective immunity in mice was associated with high titers of specific anti-Sm29 IgG1 and IgG2a and elevated production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-12, a typical Th1 response. Gene expression analysis of worms recovered from rSm29 vaccinated mice relative to worms from control mice revealed a significant (q<0.01) down-regulation of 495 genes and up-regulation of only 22 genes. Among down-regulated genes, many of them encode surface antigens and proteins associated with immune signals, suggesting that under immune attack schistosomes reduce the expression of critical surface proteins. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Sm29 surface protein is a new vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis and suggests that Sm29 vaccination associated with other protective critical surface antigens is the next logical strategy for improving protection.

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We examine the representation of judgements of stochastic independence in probabilistic logics. We focus on a relational logic where (i) judgements of stochastic independence are encoded by directed acyclic graphs, and (ii) probabilistic assessments are flexible in the sense that they are not required to specify a single probability measure. We discuss issues of knowledge representation and inference that arise from our particular combination of graphs, stochastic independence, logical formulas and probabilistic assessments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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This article presents a systematic and logical study of the topology optimized design, microfabrication, and static/dynamic performance characterization of an electro-thermo-mechanical microgripper. The microgripper is designed using a topology optimization algorithm based on a spatial filtering technique and considering different penalization coefficients for different material properties during the optimization cycle. The microgripper design has a symmetric monolithic 2D structure which consists of a complex combination of rigid links integrating both the actuating and gripping mechanisms. The numerical simulation is performed by studying the effects of convective heat transfer, thermal boundary conditions at the fixed anchors, and microgripper performance considering temperature-dependent and independent material properties. The microgripper is fabricated from a 25 mm thick nickel foil using laser microfabrication technology and its static/dynamic performance is experimentally evaluated. The static and dynamic electro-mechanical characteristics are analyzed as step response functions with respect to tweezing/actuating displacements, applied current/power, and actual electric resistance. A microgripper prototype having overall dimensions of 1mm (L) X 2.5mm (W) is able to deliver the maximum tweezing and actuating displacements of 25.5 mm and 33.2 mm along X and Y axes, respectively, under an applied power of 2.32 W. Experimental performance is compared with finite element modeling simulation results.