Analysis of halogenated compounds in landfill gas

The authors thank the research project CTQ2008-05520 from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER from the Valencian Community Government (Spain) for the support provided.

Biogas from MSW landfill: Composition and determination of chlorine content with the AOX (adsorbable organically bound halogens) technique

An exhaustive characterization of the biogas from some waste disposal facilities has been carried out. The analysis includes the main components (methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen) as well as trace components such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) including siloxanes and halogenated compounds. VOCs were measured by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) using two different procedures: thermal desorption of the Tenax TA and Carbotrap 349 tubes and SPME (Solid Phase Micro-Extraction). A method has been established to measure the total halogen content of the biogas with the AOX (adsorbable organically bound halogens) technique. The equipment used to analyze the samples was a Total Organic Halogen Analyzer (TOX-100). Similar results were obtained when comparing the TOX (Total Organic Halogen) values with those obtained by GC/MS. The halogen content in all the samples was under 22 mg Cl/Nm3 which is below the limit of 150 mg/Nm3 proposed in the Spanish Regulations for any use of the biogas. The low chlorine content in the biogas studied, as well as the low content of other trace compounds, makes it suitable for use as a fuel for electricity generating engines.

Chemical characterization of emissions from a municipal solid waste treatment plant

Gaseous emissions are an important problem in municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment plants. The sources points of emissions considered in the present work are: fresh compost, mature compost, landfill leaks and leachate ponds. Hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analysed in the emissions from these sources. Hydrogen sulphide and ammonia were important contributors to the total emission volume. Landfill leaks are significant source points of emissions of H2S; the average concentration of H2S in biogas from the landfill leaks is around 1700 ppmv. The fresh composting site was also an important contributor of H2S to the total emission volume; its concentration varied between 3.2 and 1.7 ppmv and a decrease with time was observed. The mature composting site showed a reduction of H2S concentration (<0.1 ppmv). Leachate pond showed a low concentration of H2S (in order of ppbv). Regarding NH3, composting sites and landfill leaks are notable source points of emissions (composting sites varied around 30–600 ppmv; biogas from landfill leaks varied from 160 to 640 ppmv). Regarding VOCs, the main compounds were: limonene, p-cymene, pinene, cyclohexane, reaching concentrations around 0.2–4.3 ppmv. H2S/NH3, limonene/p-cymene, limonene/cyclohexane ratios can be useful for analysing and identifying the emission sources.

Use of dredgings for landfill /

Mode of access: Internet.

Effects of sulfuric acid rain on two model hardwood forests : throughfall, litter leachate, and soil solution /

"January 1980."

Effects of acid precipitation on soil leachate quality : computer calculations /

Mode of access: Internet.

Adapting woody species and planting techniques to landfill conditions : field and laboratory investigations /

Mode of access: Internet.

Requirements for hazardous waste landfill design, construction, and closure.

"August 1989."

Reclamation of a landfill with digested sewage sludge /

Mode of access: Internet.

Treatment and utilization of landfill gas : Mountain View project feasibility study ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Leachate damage assessment : case study of the Fox Valley Solid Waste Disposal Site in Aurora, Illinois /

Item 431-I-7

Leachate damage assessment : case study of the Peoples Avenue Solid Waste Disposal Site in Rockford, Illinois /

Item 431-I-7

Recovery of landfill gas at Mountain View : engineering site study : a current report on solid waste management /

Mode of access: Internet.