Systematic synthesis and characterization of single-crystal lanthanide phenylphosphonate nanorods

Using low-temperature hydrothermal methods, nanoscale lanthanide phenylphosphonates species with different morphologies, namely, nanoparticles and nanorods, have been systematically synthesized. The possible growth mechanism of these nanorods was discussed. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize these materials. The photoluminescent properties of EU(O3PC6H5)(HO3PC6H5) and La0.91EU0.09(O3PC6H5)(HO3PC6H5) nanorods were discussed.

Structures and electrochemical characteristics of several kinds of alloys

The structures and the electrochemical characteristics of La0.7-xCexMg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x = 0.1-0.5) alloy, Ti0.25-xZrxV0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3 (x = 0.05-0.15) alloy and AB(3

Synthesis, structure and ionic conductivity of La2/3-xLi3xMoO4

A series of compounds, La2/3 - xLi3xMoO4, were first prepared. Their structures are tetragonal scheelites with the cationic defects. The cell parameters a, c and values of c/a decrease with the increasing of the substitution amount (3x) of lithium ion. Cationic vacancies are getting more as Li+ concentration is lower. The diffusion of lithium ion is predominant. The concentration of charge carriers increases with increasing the substitution amount (3x) of lithium ion, meanwhile, the concentration of cationic vacancies decreases. The conductivity approaches the best when the substitution amount (3x) of lithium ion is about 0.3. The conductivity of La0.567Li0.3MoO4 is 6.5 x 10(-6) S . cm(-1) at room temperature.

La_(1-x)Pr_xP_5O_(14) 晶体的光谱性质

分析了室温下晶体在紫外、可见区的吸收、荧光和红外光谱,利用Judd Ofeld理论计算了PrPP和La0.2Pr0.8PP晶体中Pr3+的实验振子强度,PrPP和La0.2Pr0.8PP晶体中Pr3+离子振子强度变化不大,说明在该晶体中Pr3+的浓度猝灭效应较小。红外光谱和结构分析确定了晶体的结构为单斜晶系,并观察到Pr3+的3P0 3H6跃迁的红色发射很强。

La(1-x)Pr_xP_5O_(14)晶体的研究

用水热法研究了La12xPr xP5O14(LaPrPP)(0 < x < 1,原子百分含量)晶体的生长,测定了La0.2Pr0.8PP晶体结构为 单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c。晶体的密度为3.27g/cm3,分解温度为915℃。分析了室温下晶体在紫外、可见区的吸 收、荧光和红外光谱,利用Judd2Ofeld 理论计算了PrPP 和La0. 2Pr0. 8PP 晶体中Pr3 + 的实验振子强度,得到一些规律性结果,观察到Pr3 + 的3 P0 —3 H6 跃迁的红色发射很强。

Catalytic combustion of CH4 and CO on La1-xMxMnO3 perovskites

The activities of perovskites depend on compositions and preparation methods. Various perovskites, La1-xMxMnO3 (M=Ag, Sr, Ce, La), have been prepared by two different methods (co-precipitation and spray decomposition). The new preparation method, spray decomposition, produced perovskites of a high surface area of over 10 m(2)/g. The catalytic activities for CH4 and CO oxidation have been studied on a series of catalysts, La1-xMxMnO3. The perovskite-type oxide, La0.7Ag0.3MnO3, shows the highest catalytic activity: the complete conversion of CO and CH4 at 370 and 825 K, respectively. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Ni系ABO_3和A_2BO_4型复合氧化物的固态物化性质与NO+CO反应的催化性能

合成了具有钙钛石ABO3结构的LaNiO3和La0.1Sr0.9NiO3及具有类钙钛石A2BO4结构的La2NiO4和LaSrNiO4等四个Ni系复合氧化物催化剂．研究了该系列复合氧化物的晶体结构，缺陷结构，B位Ni离子的价态，氧化还原性能及对NO分子的吸附性能等固态物化性质．考察了它们对NO＋CO反应的催化性能，并与NO直接分解进行了对比研究．探讨了结构因素对Ni系复合氧化物催化剂的固态物化性质及催化性能的影响．提出了NO＋CO反应的反应机理

La_(0.2)Ca_(0.8)MnO_3催化剂活性相的结构和形成机理

利用TG，DTA，XRD和XPS方法研究了La0.2Ca0.8MnO3催化剂的结构和形成机理．样品用La，Ca，Mn混合硝酸盐制备．随着焙烧温度的升高发生了一系列的固相反应，发现氨氧化催化剂催化活性与生成的CaMnO3含量成正比．在900℃制备的含有CaMnO3，La0.575Ca0.425MNO3，Mn2O3和La2O3的混合物是氨氧化最佳催化剂，活性相是CaMnO3，并具有大量的氧空穴.

Comparative study of Nickel-based perovskite-like mixed oxide catalysts for direct decomposition of NO

The mixed oxides LaNiO3, La0.1Sr0.9NiO3, La2NiO4 and LaSrNiO4 were prepared and used as catalysts for the direct decomposition of NO. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, XPS, O-2-TPD, NO-TPD and chemical analysis. By comparing the physico-chemical properties and catalytic activity for NO decomposition, a conclusion could be drawn as follows. The direct decomposition of NO over perovskite and related mixed oxide catalysts follows a redox mechanism. The lower valent metal ions Ni2+ and disordered oxygen vacancies seem to be the active sites in the redox process. The oxygen vacancy plays an important role favorable for the adsorption and activation of NO molecules on one hand and on the other hand for increasing the mobility of lattice oxygen which is beneficial to the reproduction of active sites. The presence of oxygen vacancies is one of the indispensable factors to give the mixed oxides a steady activity for NO decomposition.

Studies on the adsorption property of NO on the Ni-based mixed oxide catalysts with Perovskite-like (ABO(3) and A(2)BO(4)) structure

The mixed oxides LaNiO3, La0.1Sr0.9NiO3, La2NiO4 and LaSrNiO4 with perovskite (ABO(3)) and related(A(2)BO(4)) structures were prepared and the adsorption property for NO and the catalytic activity for NO decomposition over these oxidse were also tested. The catalysts were characterized by means of BET surface measurement, chemical analysis, NO-TPD etc.. It was shown that the adsorption amount of NO is correlated with the concentration of oxygen vacancy formed and the adsorption type and strength of NO are related to the valence of metallic ion. Generally there are three kinds of adsorption species, NO-, NO+ and NO on the mixed oxides, among them the negative adsorpion species (NO-) are active for NO decomposition. The weaker the adsorption of oxygen on the catalyst is, the faster the mobility of oxygen is and the easier the redox process takes place in reproducing the active sites in which the oxygen species (O-, O2-) would participate.

甲烷氧化偶联Ti-La-Li系混合氧化物催化剂

研究了Ti-La-Li三元氧化物的组成、结构及其对甲烷氧化偶联反应的催化性能；用XRD、IR、XPS和SEM等方法对催化剂进行表征，结果表明：在Li-TixLa1-xO2系列催化剂中，随x值的不同，可生成LaTi1－yLiyO3-λ、、Li2TiO3、La0．66TiO2．993、La2O3和Li1.33Ti1.66O4几种物相，其中，钙钛矿到三元复合氧化物LaTi1-yLiyO3-λ是甲烷氧化偶联反应的主要活性相，活性位Li＋-O－-Ti3＋的形成是活性提高的主要原因．Li2TiO3和La0．66TiO2.993是深度氧化活性相，而Li1.33Ti1．66O4既无偶联活性，也无深度氧化活性.

Synthesis and characterization of gallium-based perovskite-type dense membrane with oxygen semipermeability

La0.15Sr0.85Ga0.3Fe0.7O3-delta (LSGFO) and La0.15Sr0.85Co0.3Fe0.7O3-delta (LSCFO) mixed oxygen-ion and electron conducting oxides were synthesized by using a combined EDTA and citrate complexing method, and the corresponding dense membranes were fabricated. The properties of the oxide powders and membranes were characterized with combined SEM, XRD, H-2-TPR, O-2-TPD techniques, mechanical strength and oxygen permeation measurement. The results showed that LSGFO had much higher thermochemical stability than LSCFO due to the higher valence stability of Ga3+. After the temperature-programmed reduction by 5% H-2 in Ar from 20 degreesC to 1020 degreesC, the basic perovskite structure of LSGFO was successfully preserved. LSGFO also favors the oxygen vacancy formation better than LSCFO. Oxygen permeation measurement demonstrated that LSGFO had higher oxygen permeation flux than LSCFO, but they had similar activation energy for oxygen transportation, with a value of 110 and 117 kJ . mol(-1), respectively The difference in oxygen permeation fluxes was correlated with the difference in oxygen vacancy concentrations for the two materials.

Electrochemical performance of mixed ionic-electronic conducting oxides as anodes for solid oxide fuel cell

Mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides, SrFeCo0.5Ox, SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-delta and La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3-delta have been synthesized and prepared on yttria-stabilized zirconia as anodes for solid oxide fuel cells. Power output measurements show that the anodes composed of such kinds of oxides exhibit modest electrochemical activities to both H-2 and CH4 fuels, giving maximum power densities of around 0.1 W/cm(2) at 950 degrees C. Polarization and AC impedance measurements found that large activation overpotentials and ohmic resistance drops were the main causes for the relative inferior performance to the Ni-YSZ anode. While interlayered with an Ni-YSZ anode, a significant improvement in the electrochemical performance was observed. in particular, for the SrFeCo0.5Ox oxide interlayered Ni-YSZ anode, the maximum power output reaches 0.25 W/cm2 on CH,, exceeding those of both SrFeCo0.5Ox and the Ni-YSZ, as anodes alone. A synergetic effect of SrFeCo0.5Ox and the Ni-YSZ has been observed. Future work is needed to examine the long-term stability of MIEC oxide electrodes under a very reducing environment. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Investigation of LSM1.1-ScSZ composite cathodes for anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells

La0.8Sr0.2Mn1.1O3 (LSM1.1)-10 mol% Sc2O3-Stabilized ZrO2 co-doped with CeO2 (ScSZ) composite cathodes were investigated for anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with thin 8 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) electrolyte. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the ScSZ electrolytes displayed good chemical compatibility with the nonstoichiometric LSM1.1 against co-firing at 1300 degrees C. Increasing the CeO2 content in the ScSZ electrolytes dramatically suppressed the electrode polarization resistance, which may be related to the improved surface oxygen exchange or the enlarged active area of cathode. The 5Ce10ScZr was the best electrolyte for the composite cathodes, which caused a small ohmic resistance decrease and the reduced polarization resistance and brought about the highest cell performance. The cell performances at lower temperatures seemed to rely on the electrode polarization resistance more seriously, than the ohmic resistance. Compared with the cell impedance at higher temperatures, the higher the 5Ce10ScZr proportion in the composite cathodes, the smaller the increment of the charge transfer resistance at lower temperatures. The anode-supported SOFC with the LSM1.1-5Ce10ScZr (60:40) composite cathode achieved the maximum power densities of 0.82 W/cm(2) at 650 degrees C and 2.24 W/cm(2) at 800 degrees C, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Changes in functional behavior of 93 % Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-7 % PbTiO3 thin films induced by ac electric fields

The dielectric properties of Au/[93%Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-7%PbTiO3] (PMN-PT)/(La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3/MgO thin-film capacitor heterostructures, made using pulsed laser deposition, have been investigated, with particular emphasis on the changes in response associated with increasing the magnitude of the ac measuring field. It was found that increasing the ac field caused a change in the frequency spectrum of relaxators, increasing the speed of response of "slow" relaxators, with an associated decrease in the freezing temperature (T-f) of the relaxor system; in addition, other characteristic parameters relating to polar relaxation (activation energy E-a and attempt frequency 1/tau(0)), described by fitting of the dielectric response to a Vogel-Fulcher expression, were found to change continuously as ac field levels were increased.