Vertical integration or specialisation: producing and commercialising cotton goods (1815-1913)

This article describes the ways in which cotton goods were commercialised during the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth. Several national cases are analysed: Britain, as the Workshop of the World; France, Germany, Switzerland and the US, as core economies; and Italy and Spain as countries on the European periphery. The main question that we address is why some cotton industries vertically integrated their production and commercialisation processes, but others did not. We present a model that combines industrial district size and product differentiation to explain why vertical integration was present in most cases and why there was vertical specialisation in Lancashire and Lowell.

Vertical integration or specialisation: producing and commercialising cotton goods (1815-1913)

This article describes the ways in which cotton goods were commercialised during the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth. Several national cases are analysed: Britain, as the Workshop of the World; France, Germany, Switzerland and the US, as core economies; and Italy and Spain as countries on the European periphery. The main question that we address is why some cotton industries vertically integrated their production and commercialisation processes, but others did not. We present a model that combines industrial district size and product differentiation to explain why vertical integration was present in most cases and why there was vertical specialisation in Lancashire and Lowell.

[5 phot. d'Egypte en 1862 par W. Hammerschmidt: Le Caire, Louqsor, Thèbes, Edfou]

Comprend : Le Caire en 1862, ou environs. ; Haute-Egypte, Thèbes, le temple de Louqsor vers 1862 (Maspero en a commencé le déblaiement le 16 mars 1883) ; Haute-Egypte : temple d'Edfou (Apollinopolis magna)avant son déblaiement par Marinette Bey. ; Haute-Egypte : vallée de Bâl el Molouk ; entrée du ravin où sont creusés les hypogées. (vallée des tombeaux des rois, à Thèbes). ; Haute-Egypte, Thèbes(1862 ?): premier pylône de Karnak vu du nord (le pylône ptolémaïque et le temple de Khons à Karnak).

[Phot. du plan de la maison de Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène, levé et phot. par Mareschal en 1860-1862, donné en 1888 par Jochem, chef de bataillon du génie en retraite]

Donateur : Jochem (18..-18..)