Synchronous Holocene climatic oscillations recorded on the Swiss Plateau and at timberline in the Alps

Eight synchronous pre-Roman cold phases were found at 9600–9200, 8600–8150, 7550–6900, 6600– 6200, 5350–4900, 4600–4400, 3500–3200 and 2600–2350 radiocarbon years BP by reconstructing past climate at two sites on the Swiss Plateau and at timberline in the Alps. The cooling events during the early-and mid-Holocene represent temperature values similar to today, and apparently the onset of cooling events represents a deviation from today's mean annual temperature of about 1°C and is triggered at a 1000-year periodicity. At Wallisellen-Langachermoos (440 m), a former oligotrophic lake near Zürich, the correlation between sum mertime lake levels and the seed production of the amphi-Atlantic aquatic plantNajas flexilis was used to reconstruct lake levels over a 3000-year period during the first part of the Holocene. At Lake Seedorf on the western Swiss Plateau (609 m) the sedimentological, palynological and macrofossil record revealed fluctuations of lake levels for the complete Holocene. From Lago Basso in the southern Alps (2250 m, Val San Giacomo near Splügen Pass, Northern Italy) the terrestrial plant macrofossils – especiallyPinus cembra andLarix – allowed the reconstruction of timberline fluctuations controlled by climate. A similar climatic pattern was found at Gouillé Rion pond in the central Swiss Alps (2343 m, Val d'Hérémence) with plant macrofossils and pollen concentrations and percentages. We postulate that these climatic events are detectable throughout central Europe by independent methods in combination with precise AMS-radiocarbon datings on terrestrial plant remains. Our data fit other proxy records of regional climatic change, such as cool intervals from Greenland ice cores, glacier movements in the Swiss and Austrian Alps, and dendro-densitometry on subfossil wood, as well as the palaeoclimatic data from the Jura Mountains of France obtained by sedimentological analyses. Thus our data indicate that the Northern Hemisphere climate was less stable during the Holocene than previously believed.

Sediment mobilization deposits from episodic subsurface fluid flow—A new tool to reveal long-term earthquake records?

Subsurface fluid flow can be affected by earthquakes; increased spring activity, mud vol- cano eruptions, groundwater fluctuations, changes in geyser frequency, and other forms of altered subsurface fluid flow have been documented during, after, or even prior to seismic shaking. Recently discovered giant pockmarks on the bottom of Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland, are the lake-floor expression of subsurface fluid flow. They discharge groundwater from the Jura Mountains karstic aquifers and experience episodically increased subsurface fluid flow documented by subsurface sediment mobilization deposits at the levees of the pockmarks. In this study, we present the spatio-temporal distribution of event deposits from these phases of sediment expulsion and of multiple time-correlative mass-transport deposits. We report five striking instances of concurrent multiple subsurface sediment deposits and multiple mass- transport deposits since late glacial times, for which we propose past earthquakes as a trigger. Comparison of this new event catalogue with historic earthquakes and other independent paleoseismic records suggests that initiation of sediment expulsion requires a minimum mac- roseismic intensity of VII. Thus, our study presents for the first time sedimentary deposits resulting from increased subsurface fluid flow as a paleoseismic proxy.

Cuerpo desmembrado, ruptura de la percepción : reflexiones sobre "El teatro y su doble", de Antonin Artaud, a partir de una escena de "El chorro de sangre"

La escena inicial de El Chorro de sangre, mientras una pareja se jura amor eterno (de manera repetitiva y mecánica), llueven sobre el escenario partes del cuerpo humano. En este trabajo pretendo demostrar que Artaud pensó esa lluvia de extremidades desde una recepción sensorial. Es decir, la estrategia del disjecta membra responde a su concepción de un teatro de los sentidos que, como lo señala en El teatro y su doble, busca provocar una “revolución del espíritu". Si el cuerpo es espacio de las luchas entre un “interior" libre y caótico, y las presiones “exteriores", sociales, la fragmentación revela la energía excedente del ser humano por sobre esos controles, la capacidad de resistencia y superación. Para expresar esa resistencia, Artaud apela a la carnavalización del cuerpo que, como lo afirma Bajtín, produce una serie de transgresiones en tanto crítica y resistencia. Así, el cuerpo desmembrado trae a la superficie los miedos y tabúes sobre la muerte, la unidad del cuerpo humano y la inviolabilidad del cadáver. Se concluye que interpretar la lluvia de extremidades humanas requiere comprender El chorro de sangre como la puesta en escena de los principios surrealistas de subversión y desmoralización y, al mismo tiempo, que el cuerpo como objeto central de la representación carnavalesca problematiza tópicos filosóficos como la percepción y la existencia del ser.