850 resultados para Innovation System, Research Policy
Resumo:
This paper analyses market valuations of UK companies using a new data set of their R&D and IP activities (19892002). In contrast to previous studies, the analysis is conducted at the sectoral-level, where the sectors are based on the technological classification originating from Pavitt [Pavitt, K., 1984. Sectoral patterns of technical change. Research Policy 13, 343373]. The first main result is that the valuation of R&D varies substantially across these sectors. Another important result is that, on average, firms that receive only UK patents tend to have no significant market premium. In direct contrast, patenting through the European Patent Office does raise market value, as does the registration of trade marks in the UK for most sectors. To explore these variations the paper links competitive conditions with the market valuation of innovation. Using profit persistence as a measure of competitive pressure, we find that the sectors that are the most competitive have the lowest market valuation of R&D. Furthermore, within the most competitive sector (science based manufacturing), firms with larger market shares (an inverse indicator of competitive pressure) also have higher R&D valuations, as well as some positive return to UK patents. We conclude that this evidence supports Schumpeter by finding higher returns to innovation in less than fully competitive markets and contradicts Arrow [Arrow, K., 1962. Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention. In: Nelson, R. (Ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity. Princeton University Press, Princeton], who argued that, with the existence of IP rights, competitive market structure provides higher incentives to innovate.
Resumo:
Experimental methods of policy evaluation are well-established in social policy and development eco-nomics but are rare in industrial and innovation policy. In this paper, we consider the arguments forapplying experimental methods to industrial policy measures, and propose an experimental policy eval-uation approach (which we call RCT+). This approach combines the randomised assignment of firmsto treatment and control groups with a longitudinal data collection strategy incorporating quantitativeand qualitative data (so-called mixed methods). The RCT+ approach is designed to provide a causativerather than purely summative evaluation, i.e. to assess both whether and how programme outcomesare achieved. In this paper, we assess the RCT+ approach through an evaluation of Creative Credits aUK business-to-business innovation voucher initiative intended to promote new innovation partnershipsbetween SMEs and creative service providers. The results suggest the potential value of the RCT+ approachto industrial policy evaluation, and the benefits of mixed methods and longitudinal data collection.
Resumo:
A magyar vllalatok innovatv kpessgt felmr krdves kutatsok eltr eredmnyeket adtak, ami a piaci szereplk eltr innovci-rtelmezsvel magyarzhat. A szerzk feltevse szerint a vllalati vezetk jellemzen innovatvnak tartjk magukat, s ez alapjn jelents rszk fejlesztseket tervez a jvben, amelyhez plyzati forrsokat kvnnak ignybe venni. A gyakorlati letben az innovci fogalmt a tudomnyos defincinl tgabban rtelmezik, a vllalatnl bevezetett jdonsgokat (pldul a piaci versenytrsaktl tvett j termket) is innovcinak rtkelik. A vllalati nvekedst a finanszrozsi nehzsgek korltozzk. A tmogatsok, a hitelek s a kockzati tke jelleg forrsok eltr mrtkben jtszanak szerepet a vllalatok letben. A szerzk tanulmnyukban a vllalatok innovatv tevkenysge s a klnbz forrsok meglte kztti kapcsolatot, valamint a plyzati rendszerhez fzd vllalati tapasztalatokat vizsgljk. /===/ Questionnaire surveys of innovation abilities of the Hungarian enterprises have given different results, which could be explained by different innovation interpretation of the market players. According to the authors' hypothesis the managers consider themselves innovative, and many of them plan developments in the future to realize them with tender sources. In the practice idea of innovation is broader interpreted than the scientific definition, and novelties introduced at the companies (eg. a new product taken over from competitors) is also considered innovation. Corporate growth is limited by financing difficulties. Supports, credits and sources of venture capital character play a role int he corporate life to different extent. Authors investigate the connection between the innovative activity of companies and the existence of several sources, and corporate experience linked to tendering system.
Resumo:
A tanulmny bemutatja a Versenyben a vilggal 2009 kutats alapjn a hazai vllatok legfontosabb innovcis jellemzit, az innovcis tevkenysgre hat tnyezket s a vllalati versenykpessg s innovci kztti kapcsolatot. Eredmnyeink szerint kevs cg vesz rszt innovcis egyttmkdsekben, s elssorban a nagyobbak. Az llam szerepben (szablyozs, trvnyek, adztats) ltjk a vllalatok az innovci legnagyobb gtjt. A klfldi tulajdon cgek nagyobb arnyban vezetnek be j termkeket, szolgltatsokat, mint hazai versenytrsaik. Az llami innovcis tmogatsok segtettk a kooperciban foly kutatsok ltrejttt, s hozzjrultak az j termkek, szolgltatsok kifejlesztshez. Kutatsaink szerint az innovatv cgek versenykpesebbek. _____ This paper analyses the determinants of innovation activities and the impact of innovation on competitiveness, based on Hungarian firm level data. We find that low proportion of the companies take part in R&D collaborations, mainly the large ones. The legislation, regulations and taxation policy of the Hungarian government hampers firms innovation activities above all others. Foreign owned subsidiaries have a higher innovation performance than the Hungarian counterparts. Innovation subsidies stimulate companies to participate in R&D collaboration and contribute to the firms higher innovation performance. According to our research innovative firms are more competitive.
Resumo:
A szerz kvalitatv kutatsi mdszerekkel vizsglja a kis- s kzpvllalatok (kkv-k) innovatv tevkenysgeinek korltait s lehetsgeit. A vizsglat trgyai (legalbb) Magyarorszg szintjn j termket vagy szolgltatst nyjt kkv-k, melyek hatrozott nvekedsi szndkkal rendelkeznek. Az eredmnyek egysges vizsglati keretben, 41 vezet vlemnye alapjn szlettek meg, hrom terletre fkuszlva: (1) a krnyezeti bizonytalansg megtlse, (2) a szervezet kvetett stratgija, ketts kpessge, kiaknz s feldert tevkenysge, s (3) a versenykpes teljestmnyclok, konfigurcik. A cikk a kutats lpseit rszletesen bemutatja, fontos eredmnynek tekinthet, hogy rmutat arra, hogy a kutatsi s fejlesztsi, valamint az innovatv tevkenysgek legfontosabb gtja leginkbb a vezetsi s szervezsi kpessgek s a stratgiai gondolkods hinyra vezethet vissza a kis- s kzpvllalkozsokban. ______ The author conducted a qualitative research on the innovation potential of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). SMEs with new products and services and with growth orientation are in the focus of the research. The standardized research design is based on 41 owner managers responses. It is focusing on 3 main areas: (1) environmental uncertainty, (2) the strategy followed by the organization, its ambidextrous capability, exploitative and explorative behavior, and (3) competitive performance and configurations. The paper describes a qualitative research design in detail. The main finding of the research is that the lack of managerial skills and strategic thinking inhibit SMEs to conduct innovation as well as to engage in research and development activities.
Resumo:
Kutatsukban a szerzk a sikeres innovcis-nvekedsi stratgik beazonostsra trekedtek kt dimenzi mentn: nvekedsi erfeszts s innovcis erfeszts. A sikert mint a radiklis innovci piaci bevezetseknt definiltk. A szakirodalom ttekintse s kvalitatv kutatsi eredmnyeink alapjn azt talltk, hogy a siker felttelei a kvetkezk: (1) felkszltsg, azaz biztos szakmai tuds (know-what); a (2) gyakorls, azaz a folyamatok tkletes ismerete (know-how); a (3) tehetsggondozs, azaz a megfelel kapcsolati tke a hinyz kpessgek, erforrsok s informcik megszerzshez (know-who); s vgl a (4) tehetsg, azaz kreativits, magas asszocicis kszsg, s innovatv tletek. A vezet feladata annak felismerse, hogy mikor szksges lasstania a szervezetre nehezed nvekedsi nyomson. A nyugalmi idszakban tovbbra is fontos az innovcis kpessgek fejlesztse. Kvetkezetesen fel kell ismernie, hogy mikor lesz nagyobb a sztaprzott erforrsok s a megosztott figyelem kltsge, mint a potencilis hozadka. _______ In present research the successful innovation-growth strategies are identified along two dimensions: growth effort and innovation effort. The success is defined as the introduction to the market of a radical innovation. After reviewing the literature and conducting a qualitative research, authors found that the threshold condition of success are the followings: (1) preparation, that is expertise (know-what); (2) practice, that is deep understanding of processes (know-how); (3) talent support, that is access to missing resources; and finally (4) talent, that is creativity, innovative idea, and high association capability. This is the role of the manager to decide when the organizational growth should be slowed down. While the development of innovation capability is still important in times of slow growth periods, the manager must recognize that the cost of divided attention and fragmented resources is higher, than the potential return of the innovation.
Resumo:
Az empirikus kutats azokra a krdsekre keresi a vlaszt, hogy a hazai innovatv, nvekedsorientlt kis- s kzpvllalkozsokat milyen tnyezk tmogatjk s segtik abban, hogy egyszerre legyenek kpesek kivlan teljesteni jelenlegi piacaikon, mikzben radiklis innovciikon keresztl biztostjk a szervezet hossz tv nvekedsi plyjt. A kutats kvalitatv, feltr, egyni interjkra pl esettanulmnyos mdszertan keretein bell 14 vezeti interjra, helyszni megfigyelsre s szles kr dokumentumelemzsre pl. Az eredmnyek alapjn a ketts kpessg szervezetek teljestmnyt egy hat, egymssal sszefggsben lv elembl ll modell hatrozza meg, melynek rszei a felsvezeti decentralizci, menedzsmentkontroll, vezeti szerepek s identits, feladat- s hatskrk, motivcis rendszer s a menedzsmenttuds sznvonala. _______ The empirical research seeks the answer to the question what kind of factors support and help the innovative, growth-oriented Hungarian SMEs to both have the ability to operate at an excellent level in their current markets and to ensure the long-term growth path of the organization through radical innovations. The research applies qualitative, interview-based methodology. The dataset consists of 14 interviews with managers from different organizational level of the examined company, on-site observation and document-analysis. The main contribution of the article is a model that includes the influential structural and contextual factors of organizational ambidexterity, which are decentralization, management controlling, leader roles and identity, functions and authorities, motivation system and level of management knowledge.
Resumo:
Innovation is a fundamental part of social work. In recent years there has been a shift in the innovation paradigm, making it easier to accept this relationship. National and supranational policies aimed at promoting innovation appear to be specifically guided by this idea. To be able to affirm this hypothesis, it is necessary to review the perception that social workers have of their duties. It is also useful to examine particular cases that show how such social innovation arises.
Resumo:
This case study research reports on a small and medium-sized (SME) business-to-business (B2B) services firm implementing a novel new service development (NSD) process. It provides accounts of what occurred in practice in terms of the challenges to NSD process implementation and how the firm overcame these challenges. It also considers the implications for NSD in this and other firms innovation practices. This longitudinal case study (18 months) was conducted inside the case organization. It covered the entire innovation process from the initiation to the launch of a new service. The primary method may be viewed as participant observation. The research involved all those participating in the innovation system in the firm, including decision-makers, middle managers and employees at lower hierarchical levels and the firms external networks. Implications for researchers and managers focusing on structured innovation models for the services sector are also presented.
Managing Succession and Knowledge Transfer in Family Businesses: Lessons from a Comparative Research
Resumo:
The most natural mode of family firm succession is the intergenerational ownership transfer. Statistical evidence, however, suggests that in most cases the succession process fails. There can be several reasons as a lot of personal, emotional and structural factors can act as an inhibitor to succession. The effectiveness of the implementation of any succession strategy is strongly dependent on the efficiency of intergenerational knowledge transfer, which is related to the parties absorptive capacity and willingness to learn. The paper is based on the experiences learned from the INSIST project. In the framework of the project different aspects of family business succession have been investigated in three participating countries (Hungary, Poland and the United Kingdom). The aim of the paper is to identify the patterns of management, succession, knowledge transfer and learning in family businesses. Issues will be examined in detail such as the succession strategies of companies investigated and the efforts family businesses and their managers make in order to harmonize family goals (such as emotional stability, harmony, and reputation) with business- related objectives (e.g. survival, growth or profitability).
Resumo:
Aims We demonstrated c-Src activation as a novel non-genomic signalling pathway for aldosterone in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms and biological responses of this phenomenon, focusing on the role of lipid rafts/caveolae and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) in c-Src-regulated proinflammatory responses by aldosterone. Methods and results Studies were performed in cultured VSMCs from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and caveolin-1 knockout (Cav 1(-/-)) and wild-type mice. Aldosterone stimulation increased c-Src phosphorylation and trafficking to lipid rafts/caveolae. Cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin abrogated aldosterone-induced phosphorylation of c-Src and its target, Pyk2. Aldosterone effects were recovered by cholesterol reload. Aldosterone-induced c-Src and cortactin phosphorylation was reduced in caveolin-1-silenced and Cav 1(-/-) VSMCs. PDGFR is phosphorylated by aldosterone within cholesterol-rich fractions of VSMCs. AG1296, a PDGFR inhibitor, prevented c-Src phosphorylation and translocation to cholesterol-rich fractions. Aldosterone induced an increase in adhesion molecule protein content and promoted monocyte adhesion to VSMCs, responses that were inhibited an by cholesterol depletion, caveolin-1 deficiency, AG1296 and PP2, a c-Src inhibitor. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) content in flotillin-2-rich fractions and co-immunoprecipitation with c-Src and PDGFR increased upon aldosterone stimulation, indicating MR-lipid raft/signalling association. Conclusion We demonstrate that aldosterone-mediated c-Src trafficking/activation and proinflammatory signalling involve lipid rafts/caveolae via PDGFR.
Resumo:
O objeto de estudo da presente pesquisa a anlise do Plano de Aes Articuladas (PAR), criado pelo Governo Federal por meio do Plano de Metas Compromisso Todos pela Educao (Decreto n. 6.094/2007), e suas possibilidades como instrumento de organizao do Sistema Nacional de Educao. A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o processo de implantao/implementao do PAR em dois municpios do Esprito Santo (Cariacica e Vitria), com o intuito de entender como se deu o planejamento do PAR em nvel nacional e em nvel municipal; analisar como foi elaborado, como est sendo executado e quais as principais aes do PAR desenvolvidas nos municpios pesquisados, identificando as articulaes existentes entre os municpios, estados e Unio. O argumento central que o PAR um instrumento de planejamento central, mas cuja execuo necessita de aes descentralizadas. Parte-se da hiptese de que a organizao dos municpios, do ponto de vista econmico e poltico, tem implicaes na execuo de um planejamento educacional mesmo que ele tenha um mesmo formato e padro para todo o pas. Ou seja, as caractersticas polticas, econmicas e culturais dos municpios configuram diferentes realidades na execuo das polticas educacionais, o que traz uma desigualdade na oferta da qualidade do servio educacional entre os entes federativos. A pesquisa realizada de carter qualitativo do tipo estudo de caso, particularmente o estudo de multicascos que, segundo Trivios (1987), propicia ao pesquisador estudar dois ou mais sujeitos ou organizaes sem a necessidade de limitar-se a fatores de natureza comparativa. Como problema de pesquisa, portanto, levantada a seguinte pergunta: possvel o PAR, com sua caracterstica de centralizao/descentralizao, contribuir para a organizao do Sistema Nacional de Educao? A pesquisa mostrou que a implementao de uma poltica de educao, como o PAR, envolve a capacidade tcnica, organizacional e aspectos institucionais dos municpios. Nesse sentido para a consolidao do Sistema Nacional de Educao necessrio que o PAR no seja apenas uma poltica de captao de recursos, mas que os municpios tenham um plano norteador como catalizador de uma poltica de Estado.
