Five years retrospective cohort analysis of treatment outcomes of TB-HIV patients at a PEPFAR/DOTS Centre in South Eastern Nigeria.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge, with an estimated 1.4 million patients worldwide. Co-infection with HIV leads to challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess treatment outcomes of a cohort of smear positive TB-HIV co-infected patients over a five-year study period. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 600 smear-positive tuberculosis patients registered at the chest unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu from January 2008 to December 2012 was done. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 17. Results: One hundred and three (17.2%) of the patients were co-infected with TB/HIV, while 398 (66.3%) and 99 (16.5%) were HIV negative and unknown respectively. Among the co-infected patients, 45(43.7%) were cured as against 222(55.8%) in the TBHIV negatives (Z=4.53, p=0.000, 95%CI= 0.12-0.34). Respectively in the TB-HIV co-infected and TB-HIV negative patients, treatment completed were 21(20.4%) and 71(17.8%) (Z=9.15, p=0.000, 95%= 0.4035-0.60); defaulted 19(18.5%) vs 70 (17.6%) (Z=9.29, p=0.000, 95%CI=0.42-0.60), died 10(9.7%) vs. 6(1.5%) (Z=1.22, p=0.224, 95%CI= -0.0286-0.1086), and failures were 1(0.9%) vs. 7(1.8%) (Z=2.48, p=0.013, 95%CI=0.04-0.10). Treatment success rate was lower in TB-HIV co-infected patients, 64.1% compared to TB-HIV negative patients with 73.6%. Also those that defaulted among the TB-HIV co-infected patients (18.5%) were higher than 17.6% among TB-HIV negative patients, a difference of 0.9%. Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that HIV co-infection affects TB treatment outcomes adversely. Treatment adherence, timely and sustained access to antiretroviral therapy for TB/HIV co-infected patients are important.

Trèlat's beads as oral manifestations in patients with HIV/TB

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch's bacillus). Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and TB has reached a significant importance as a public health problem and this association has been recognized as the most significant event that changed "the balance between man and Koch's bacillus" in the last century, and has a large contribution to the risk for disease spreading. Tuberculosis has two main standard categories of clinical manifestations: primary and secondary. Primary TB is responsible for the initial infection with lungs being the involved organ. Oral lesions are observed as a secondary TB clinical manifestation with most frequent sites being hard and soft palate, tongue, lips, gums, tonsils, and salivary glands. A case of classical TB lesions in the oral cavity is reported, and the importance of a correct diagnosis through careful history taking is emphasized. Treatment selection needs to be done assertively, with great determination and building a link between patient and treatment protocol, in order to promote patient's adherence.

Propriedade fotoluminescente da ZrO2: Tb+3, Eu+3, Tm+3 obtida pelo método de polimerização de complexos

Recent studies are investigating a new class of inorganic materials which arise as a promising option for high performance applications in the field of photoluminescence. Highlight for rare earth (TR +3 ) doped, which have a high luminous efficiency, long decay time and being able to emit radiation in the visible range, specific to each element. In this study, we synthesized ZrO2: Tb +3 , Eu +3 , Tm +3 nanoparticles complex polymerization method (CPM). We investigated the influences caused by the heat treatment temperature and the content of dopants in zirconia photoluminescent behavior. The particles were calcined at temperature of 400, 500 and 600 ° C for two hours and ranged in concentration of dopants 1, 2, 4 and 8 mol% TR +3 . The samples were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence of measurements and uv-visible of spectroscopies. The results of X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the tetragonal and cubic phases in accordance with the content of dopants. The photoluminescence spectra show emission in the region corresponding simultaneous to blue (450 nm), green (550 nm) and red (615 nm). According to the results, ZrO2 particles co-doped with rare earth ions is a promising material white emission with a potential application in the field of photoluminescence

The influence of promoters (Zr, La, Tb, Pr) on the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 systems for the preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of CO2 and H2O

CuO supported on CeO2 and Ce0.9X0.1O2, where X is Zr, La, Tb or Pr, were synthesized using nitrate precursors, giving rise ceria based materials with a small particle size which interact with CuO species generating a high amount of interfacial sites. The incorporation of cations to the ceria framework modifies the CeO2 lattice parameter, improving the redox behavior of the catalytic system. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermoprogrammed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalysts were tested in the preferential oxidation of CO under a H2-rich stream (CO-PROX), reaching conversion values higher than 95% between 115 and 140 °C and being the catalyst with 6 wt.% of Cu supported on Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 (sample 6CUZRCE) the most active catalyst. The influence of the presence of CO2 and H2O was also studied simulating a PROX unit, taking place a decrease of the catalytic activity due to the inhibitor effect both CO2 and H2O.

Nemek egyenlőségének érvényesülése a foglalkoztatáspolitikai eszköztárban, az adó- és tb-rendszerekben, és hatásuk a nők foglalkoztatására

Az adó- és tb-rendszerek közvetlenül hatnak a jövedelemeloszlásra és a társadalom tagjainak a jólétére, a gyermekvállalásra, oktatásban való részvételére és az élet számos más fontos vetületére is. Az állástalanok és az inaktívak visszavezetését a munkaerőpiacra pedig aktív foglalkoztatáspolitikai eszközök támogatják. Messze nyúló következményei miatt hihetetlenül bonyolult feladat a nemek egyenlőségének érvényesítése e területeken, sőt vannak olyan hatásai is, amelyek előre nem ismerhetők fel, s ebben az összefüggésben utólag nehezen értelmezhetők. 2010 elején a Szociális és Munkaügyi Minisztérium számára készített kutatás során – hiánypótló jelleggel – a nemek egyenlősége és a nők munkavállalásának ösztönzése szempontjából a munkaerő-piaci eszközöket, az adórendszereket, az egészségügyi és nyugdíjrendszert, valamint a szociális ellátásokat vizsgálták. A kutatás során két horizontális vizsgálat is megvalósult: az egyik témája az egyes témaköröket, részkérdéseket illető nemzetközi tapasztalatok és elméletek, a másiké a jogi vonatkozások feldolgozása volt.

Cascaded all-optical sub-channel add/drop multiplexing from a 1-Tb/s super-channel having 2-GHz guard-bands

We demonstrate cascaded 100-Gb/s sub-channel add/drop from a 1-Tb/s multi-band OFDM super-channel having 2-GHz inter-sub-channel guard-bands within a recirculating loop via a hierarchical ROADM using high-resolution filters, showcasing 1000-km transmission reach and five ROADM node passages for the add/drop sub-channel when hybrid Raman-EDFA is implemented.

Protect your body, your temple : Know the Facts About TB

These bookmarks state: In South Carolina, African-Americans account for over half of Tuberculosis cases. Tuberculosis (TB) is spread through the air from person to person when someone with the disease coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. The signs and symptoms of TB include: Cough usually lasting 2-3 weeks or longer, Coughing up blood, Unusual chest pain especially when breathing, Increased tiredness, Unplanned or sudden weight loss or loss of appetite, • Chills with fever and sudden night sweats.

Stop TB

This sheet written in Spanish and English explains how TB is spread and what you can do once you contract it.

Coinfecção TB e HIV

Revisão do módulo 3, da unidade 2, do curso de Ações para o controle da tuberculose na atenção primária. Apresenta informações sobre a infecção por HIV em pacientes com tuberculose como o maior fator de risco conhecido para a progressão da doença. Indica os componentes, os objetivos e as etapas do aconselhamento ao paciente com tuberculose para a realização do teste de HIV e descreve os métodos clássicos e teste rápidos para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus. Especifidades dos exames para diagnóstico de tuberculose em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids e recomendações de tratamento nesses casos também são descritas no recurso. Disponibiliza ainda um teste, em caráter formativo, para avaliar e aprimorar os conhecimentos sobre o assunto.

Acolhimento e a coinfecção TB-HIV

Unidade 1, atividade 1 do curso Manejo da coinfecção TB-HIV: a médica sanitarista Luciene Medeiros fala sobre acolhimento em serviços de saúde que atendem pessoas coinfectadas por TB e HIV.

Adesão ao tratamento da coinfecção TB-HIV

Unidade 1, atividade 3 do curso Manejo da coinfecção TB-HIV: videoaula em que a médica Luciene Medeiros fala sobre boas práticas de adesão e o Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) de tuberculose em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Tais práticas estão diretamente relacionadas ao desfecho dos casos de tuberculose.

O acolhimento e a coinfecção TB-HIV [transcrição da videoaula]

Unidade 1, atividade 1 do curso Manejo da coinfecção TB-HIV: transcrição da videoaula que trata de acolhimento nos serviços que atendem pessoas coinfectadas por tuberculose e HIV.

O acolhimento e a coinfecção TB-HIV [versão para impressão]

Unidade 1, atividade 1 do curso Manejo da coinfecção TB-HIV: slides da aula sobre o acolhimento em serviços que atendem pessoas coinfectadas por tuberculose e HIV.

Adesão ao tratamento na coinfecção TB-HIV [transcrição da videoaula]

Unidade 1, atividade 3 do curso Manejo da coinfecção TB-HIV: transcrição da videoaula em que a médica Luciene Medeiros aborda as boas práticas de adesão e o Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) de tuberculose em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Tais práticas estão diretamente relacionadas ao desfecho dos casos de tuberculose.

Adesão ao tratamento da coinfecção TB-HIV [versão para impressão]

Unidade 1, atividade 3 do curso Manejo da coinfecção TB-HIV: slides da aula em que a médica sanitarista Luciene Medeiros aborda as boas práticas de adesão e o Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) de tuberculose em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Tais práticas estão diretamente relacionadas ao desfecho dos casos de tuberculose.