A Research on New Method of Transportation Technics for Heavy Oil and Practice in Oil Field

介绍一种可应用于高粘度稠油管输的新工艺。即用自行研制的蒸汽引射器采用无界引射方式,将蒸汽直接注入到输油管道中,利用蒸汽释放的热量提高稠油温度降低粘度,从而达到降低稠油输送压降的目的,它比间接加热输送工艺所用的蒸汽量或耗煤量大大减少。方法在辽河油田输油管线上进行了工业现场试验,取得了很好的效果。

Assessing the road-damaging potential of heavy vehicles

The relative influence of various heavy vehicle design features on road-damaging potential is discussed. Testing procedures that could be used to measure the road-damaging potential of heavy vehicles are examined. A validated vehicle simulation is used to examine some of the characteristics of dynamic tyre forces generated by typical leaf sprung and air sprung articulated heavy vehicles for typical highway conditions. The proposed EC suspension test is simulated and the results compared with dynamic tyre forces generated under highway conditions. It is concluded that the road-damaging potential of a vehicle cannot be assessed by the simplistic parametric measurement of the proposed EC test. It is questionable whether a vehicle that passes the test will be any more 'road friendly' than one that fails.

Spatial repeatability of dynamic tyre forces generated by heavy vehicles

Road damage due to heavy vehicles is thought to be dependent on the extent to which lorries in normal traffic apply peak forces to the same locations along the road. A validated vehicle simulation is used to simulate 37 leaf-sprung articulated vehicles with parametric variations typical of vehicles in one weight class in the highway vehicle fleet. The spatial distribution of tyre forces generated by each vehicle is compared with the distribution generated by a reference vehicle, and the conditions are established for which repeated heavy loading occurs at specific points along the road. It is estimated that approximately two-thirds of vehicles in this class (a large proportion of all heavy vehicles) may contribute to a repeated pattern of road loading. It is concluded that dynamic tyre forces are a significant factor influencing road damage, compared to other factors such as tyre configuration and axle spacing.