Development of paper-based color test-strip for drug detection in aquatic environment: Application to oxytetracycline

The wide use of antibiotics in aquaculture has led to the emergence of resistant microbial species. It should be avoided/minimized by controlling the amount of drug employed in fish farming. For this purpose, the present work proposes test-strip papers aiming at the detection/semi-quantitative determination of organic drugs by visual comparison of color changes, in a similar analytical procedure to that of pH monitoring by universal pH paper. This is done by establishing suitable chemical changes upon cellulose, attributing the paper the ability to react with the organic drug and to produce a color change. Quantitative data is also enabled by taking a picture and applying a suitable mathematical treatment to the color coordinates given by the HSL system used by windows. As proof of concept, this approach was applied to oxytetracycline (OXY), one of the antibiotics frequently used in aquaculture. A bottom-up modification of paper was established, starting by the reaction of the glucose moieties on the paper with 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine (APTES). The so-formed amine layer allowed binding to a metal ion by coordination chemistry, while the metal ion reacted after with the drug to produce a colored compound. The most suitable metals to carry out such modification were selected by bulk studies, and the several stages of the paper modification were optimized to produce an intense color change against the concentration of the drug. The paper strips were applied to the analysis of spiked environmental water, allowing a quantitative determination for OXY concentrations as low as 30 ng/mL. In general, this work provided a simple, method to screen and discriminate tetracycline drugs, in aquaculture, being a promising tool for local, quick and cheap monitoring of drugs.

A relação entre o estatuto económico e os conhecimentos e comportamentos acerca da malária, na região de Gaza, Moçambique

RESUMO A malária é o principal problema de saúde em Moçambique, a região do Chowé é uma zona hiperendémica da malária, contribuindo os factores geográficos, a pobreza e o difícil acesso aos cuidados de saúde, para as altas taxas de mortalidade e morbilidade devidas à malária. A malária é uma doença relacionada com a pobreza e os factores económicos determinam os conhecimentos e comportamentos acerca da malária. O projecto Tisuna Muzototo – Programa de Controlo da Malária na Região de Chokwé, na província de Gaza, Moçambique e o acesso ao estudo dos Conhecimentos, Práticas e Cobertura (“KPC Study”), integrado no programa, permitiu desenvolver o estudo da relação entre o estatuto económico e os conhecimentos e comportamentos relacionados com a malária, na região do Chokwé. Este estudo é pertinente, no âmbito dos programas de controlo da malária na região, uma vez que identifica as diferenças nos conhecimentos e comportamentos relacionados com a malária mediante o estatuto económico, permitindo a integração das estratégias e recursos para as populações mais vulneráveis. O estudo é de natureza observacional, descritivo, inferencial de carácter exploratório, transversal e com uma abordagem quantitativa. A amostra, decidida pela equipa do estudo dos Conhecimentos, Práticas e Cobertura, é constituída por 887 mulheres, grávidas, mães ou cuidadoras de crianças dos 0 aos 59 meses de idade, que representam os seus agregados familiares, na Província de Gaza, nas aldeias dos distritos de Chokwè, Guijá, Massingir e Mabalane. O estatuto económico foi estudado, através do Índice de Riqueza (IR), construído segundo as recomendações de Rutstein e Jhonson (2004), a partir de variáveis que captem os padrões de vida dos agregados familiares. À semelhança do que tem sido descrito por alguns autores, construiu-se o Nível de Conhecimentos Acerca da Malária (NCAM). Através da aplicação de testes paramétricos (Teste T de Student e ANOVA) e não paramétricos (Teste Mann-Witney-Wilcoxon e Kruskall Wallis), para um nível de significância de 5%, conclui-se que: • Existe uma relação bivariada, estatisticamente significativa entre IR e: a escolaridade da mulher, a religião da mulher, a principal ocupação da mulher, a principal ocupação do marido e o meio onde habita (rural, urbano). • A um IR médio/mediano é significativamente mais elevado nas mulheres/domicílios com NCAM Alto; que utilizam métodos de prevenção da malária (independentemente da sua eficácia); que utilizam um maior número de métodos de prevenção da malária eficazes; que possuem redes mosquiteiras em geral; que possuem redes mosquiteiras permanentes e que as mantêm as redes mosquiteiras em boas condições. • Não existe uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre o IR e os comportamentos preventivos da malária na mulher durante a gravidez; os comportamentos relacionados com a gestão de casos de febre, das crianças com menos de 5 anos, pelas mulheres. Na região do Chokwé, considera-se que é importante, para a gestão dos programas de controlo da malária, a compreensão global da influência de factores socioeconómicos, demográficos e dos conhecimentos nos comportamentos protectores da malária. Pelo que se sugere o desenvolvimento de estudos multivariados com a aplicação de metodologias qualitativas e quantitativas. Palavras-chave: Malária; Índice de Riqueza; Conhecimentos; Comportamentos.

Le Strip commercial revisité. Un boulevard Vachon dynamique

Affiche de projet terminal, baccalauréat en Urbanisme. Institut d'urbanisme, Université de Montréal.

Wideband trapezoidal strip grating for elimination of specular reflection

A trapezoidal strip grating surface that eliminates specular reflections almost over the entire X -band frequency range for TM polarization is reported This new grating structure overcomes the bandwidth limitation of conventional rectangular strip grating surfaces

A Strip-Loaded Feed-Horn Antenna

Design and development of a new feed -horn antenna with low sidelobe levels is reported . The E-walls of this antenna are fabricated with low -loss dielectric substrate , periodicallyloaded with thin conducting strips . The antenna is found to be simulating the radiation characteristics of metallic Corrugated horns . This can be an ideal substitute for metallic Corrugated horns with added advantages like light -weight and low production cost

Excitation of low-profile equilateral-triangular dielectric resonator antenna using a conducting conformal strip

A new configuration that employs a conducting conformal strip to excite the low-profile equilaterial-triangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) of very high permittivity is proposed. As compared with the previous aperture-coupling configuration, the new configuration has a wider impedance bandwidth (- 5.5%) and a higher front-to-back radiation ratio. The return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain are measured and discussed

Planar L-strip FED Broadband Microstrip Antenna

A broadband rectangular tnicrostrip antenna utilizing an electromagnetically coupled L-strip feed is presented. Experimental study shows a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of a 10% and excellent cross-polarization performance with a radiation coverage almost as same as that of the rectangular microstrip antenna fed by conventional methods. The variation of bandwidth for different feed parameters is also studied. The proposed antenna is suitable for broadband communications

A Broadband Slope-Strip-Fed Micro strip Patch Antenna

A novel slope -strip feeding technique for a microstrip antenna is presented in order to achieve a broad bandwidth. The experimental results show that the optimal bandwidth attained is 53.4% for less than -10-dB return loss

FDTD analysis of a symmetric T-strip fed wideband rectangular microstrip antenna

A theoretical analysis of a symmetric T-shaped rnicrostripfed rectangular microstrip antenna using the finite-difference titnedoniain (FDTD) method is presented in this paper. The resonant frequency, return loss, impedance bandwidth, and radiation patterns are predicted and are in good agreement with the measured results

L-strip excited wideband rectangular microstrip antenna

This paper presents the outcome of the experimental studies performed on L-strip fed compact rectangular microstrip antenna. The effect of the feed parameters upon the characteristics of the antenna is studied in detail. The antenna offers an impedance bandwidth of nearly 20% and is suitable for broadband applications

Wideband Oylindrioal Dielectric Resonator Antenna Excited Using an L-strip Feed

A broadband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) energized with an L-strip feed is presented The novel exciting technique achieves a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 18%. The variation of bandwidth for different feed parameters is also studied

T-strip-fed High-Permittivity Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Broadband Applications

rectangular low-density, high-permittivity dielectric resona or antenna (DRA) excited by T-shaped microstrip feed offering a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of -22% at 2.975 GHz is reported. The design methoaology and experimental results of the antenna are discussed. The excellent gain and radiation performance of the proposed antenna project: it as a potential candidate for telecommunication applications

L-strip-fed Wideband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna

In this paper, the advantages of using L-shaped microviij) feed to e.tcite a rectangular dielectric resonator cuuenna (DRA) by elemanagnetic coupling are presented. This feeding technique enhances the hardsvidth and gain of the antenna without affecting its size. The experimental re srdts are validated using Fidelity software based on the finitedifference tine-domain (FDTD) method

A Strip-Loaded Feed-Horn antenna

Design and development of a new feed -horn antenna with low sidelobe levels is reported . The E-walls of this antenna are fabricated with low -loss dielectric substrate , periodically loaded with thin conducting strips . The antenna is found to be simulating the radiation characteristics of metallic corrugated horns . This can be an ideal substitute for metallic corrugated horns with added advantages like light -weight and low production cost.

A Strip-Loaded Feed-Horn antenna

Design and development of a new feed -horn antenna with low sidelobe levels is reported . The E-walls of this antenna are fabricated with low -loss dielectric substrate , periodically loaded with thin conducting strips . The antenna is found to be simulating the radiation characteristics of metallic corrugated horns . This can be an ideal substitute for metallic corrugated horns with added advantages like light -weight and low production cost.