Étude exploratoire auprès de médecins des effets perçus d’une formation corps / esprit fondée sur les pratiques du Sensible

Résumé: Les pratiques du Sensible sont des pratiques d’accompagnement formatives et soignantes. Elles permettent d’apprendre comment l’expérience du corps et de son mouvement interne conduit au développement de la conscience et de la présence à soi ainsi qu’à l’autre, des qualités enviables pour des professionnelles et professionnels de la relation d’aide du secteur de la santé. Dans ces pratiques, le corps joue un rôle central à travers quatre types d’intervention : la thérapie manuelle, la gymnastique sensorielle, l’introspection sensorielle et l’entretien verbal à propos de l’expérience corporelle. Selon Large (2009), une qualité de présence particulière se construit chez les participantes et le participant aux pratiques du Sensible. Selon lui, ceux-ci se rapprochent de leur intériorité, parviennent à verbaliser à autrui ce qu’ils ressentent et en arrivent à poser des actions qui expriment ce qu’ils deviennent. Large (2009) constate qu’ils acquièrent de la stabilité, de l’adaptabilité et de l’autonomie. À la fois plus affirmatifs, ils gagnent aussi en proximité à l’autre. Bois (2007) note un changement de représentation lié aux idées, aux valeurs, à l’image de soi et au rapport perceptif à soi. Une chercheure et des chercheurs constatent un changement de conception de la santé (Duval, 2010; Laemmlin-Cencig et Humpich, 2009). À notre connaissance, il n’y a pas eu d’étude antérieure concernant l’influence des pratiques du Sensible auprès de médecins. Nous avons exploré, le cas échéant, comment une formation aux pratiques du Sensible, suivie par des médecins, a modifié leur rapport à leur corps, à leur propre santé, à leur conception de la santé, à la qualité de leur présence à eux-mêmes, aux autres professionnelles et professionnels et aux patientes et patients. Des entretiens semi-structurés d’une durée de 90 à 105 minutes ont été effectués auprès de six médecins français (cinq femmes et un homme) ayant été formés aux pratiques du Sensible entre 2005 et 2012. Deux types d’entretiens à visée compréhensive (Kaufmann, 2011) et d’explicitation (Vermersch, 2010; 2012) ont été réalisés. Des informations ont aussi été recueillies sur la formation et les activités professionnelles des participantes et du participant. Deux démarches d’analyse ont été utilisées, entre autres pour vérifier la cohérence des résultats et augmenter la rigueur de notre projet. Notre première démarche d’analyse a été conçue à partir de deux méthodes : au départ avec l’analyse thématique et par la suite une analyse avec les catégories conceptualisantes afin de déboucher sur une théorisation ancrée. La deuxième démarche d’analyse a consisté à créer une liste de vingt-six phénomènes présents pour la majorité des entretiens suite à des discussions tenues avec notre équipe de direction. Selon nos résultats, suite à la formation aux pratiques du Sensible, les cinq participantes témoignent d’une plus grande proximité et attention à leur corps et d’une meilleure écoute de celui-ci. Cet ancrage corporel de leur présence les informe davantage sur leur mode de vie et d’existence. Il en ressort ainsi des prises de conscience importantes grâce auxquelles les participantes font des choix nouveaux pour une vie plus cohérente et recentrée sur leur intériorité. Par le fait même, elles récupèrent leur pouvoir sur leur vie comme sur leur santé. En outre, parmi les six médecins, quatre ont modifié leur conception de la santé. Celle-ci s’est en effet élargie pour inclure de nouveaux éléments, dont la qualité du rapport à soi et l’accordage entre le corps et la pensée. Le corps semble être une voie souterraine à partir de laquelle se sont réalisées des transformations dans la personne, comme si le corps devenait une interface ayant des effets sur plusieurs facettes de la personne. Ces transformations semblent avoir une influence sur la manière dont celle-ci exerce sa profession, comme si un savoir-être renouvelé de la personne transformait son savoir-faire au sein de sa pratique. Au plan de la qualité de la présence aux autres, il est rapporté que les relations professionnelles se sont améliorées pour la majorité des participantes. Des transformations personnelles semblent avoir eu des effets sur leurs relations professionnelles. Par exemple, tous témoignent d’une meilleure qualité de présence et de disponibilité aux patientes et patients. La plupart signalent l’apprentissage d’une juste distance thérapeutique et, en même temps, d’une relation plus singulière avec chaque patiente et patient. Nous constatons par notre analyse que la relation aux patientes et patients est modifiée aux plans de la communication, du toucher et de l’écoute. Le parcours de formation des étudiantes et étudiants en médecine semble créer des conditions favorisant l’épuisement (Brazeau, Schroeder, Rovi et Boyd, 2010; Colombat, Altmeyer, Barruel, Bauchetet, Blanchard, Colombat et al., 2011; Ishak, Nikravesh, Lederer, Perry, Ogunyemi et Bernstein, 2013; Llera et Durante, 2014; Rodrigues, Albiges et Blanchard, 2012). Certaines interventions de type corps / esprit semblent pouvoir minimiser cet impact (Elder, Rakel, Heitkemper, Hustedde, Harazduk, Gerik et al., 2007; Hewson, Copeland, Mascha, Arrigain, Topol et Fox, 2006; Irving, Park-Saltzman, Fitzpatrick, Dobkin, Chen et Hutchinson, 2014; Maclaughlin, Wang, Noone, Liu, Harazduk, Lumpkin et al., 2011; Motz, Graves, Gross, Saunders, Amri, Harazduk et al., 2012; Rosenzweig, Reibel, Greeson, Brainard et Hojat, 2003; Saunders, Tractenberg, Chaterji, Amri, Harazduk, Gordon et al., 2007). Notre recherche démontre chez nos participantes et notre participant que la formation aux pratiques du Sensible leur a permis de faire plusieurs gains pour leur propre santé. Il semble qu’en amont des apprentissages liés à la profession médicale, une qualité de savoir-être puisse solidifier la personne, ses apprentissages et sa future pratique médicale. Les étudiantes et étudiants en médecine seraient ainsi mieux outillés pour traverser ce cursus de formation exigent et épuisant. Il serait intéressant de reprendre la recherche auprès d’un plus grand nombre de médecins ou d’étudiantes et étudiants en médecine afin d’y observer les éléments de théorisation répétitifs inclus dans la théorisation ancrée de notre étude exploratoire. Ainsi, selon les résultats, il serait alors plus aisé de promouvoir l’apprentissage expérientiel d’approches de type corps / esprit (dont les PS) dans les cursus universitaires en médecine.

Sistema de realidade aumentada no procedimento cirúrgico de remoção de pedras nos rins

A inovação tecnológica e as facilidades que gera tem tido um impacto crescente em diversas área, inclusivamente na medicina. A rápida evolução por parte de algumas tecnologias, como é o caso da Realidade Aumentada (RA), criam excelentes oportunidades, nomeadamente para intervenções cirúrgicas laparoscópicas, que apresentam especialmente problemas ao nível da exposição do doente a radiação. O presente documento detalha todo o processo de investigação e desenvolvimento realizado com a pretensão de criar um sistema de navegação por RA que auxilie o procedimento cirúrgico laparoscópico de remoção de pedras nos rins. Com este objetivo em perspetiva, e numa parceria com a empresa ECmedica LTD, foram desenvolvidos quatro protótipo funcionais. Com o intuito de compreender as melhores práticas de sistemas de input, interface e sistema de registo a aplicar, estes integraram aspetos inovadores tais como a utilização de uma sonda ultra-som, como substituta do raioX, e um registo feito através de sensores magnéticos. Apoiados numa metodologia de design centrado no utilizador e em instrumentos de análise como entrevistas e observação natural, os protótipos foram testados, obtendo respostas esclarecedoras relativamente ao objetivos dos protótipos. Foi observado que a RA é vista pelos médicos como uma solução com potencial, com as soluções apresentadas ao nível de inputs, interface e registo a serem bem recebidas. A projeção bidimensional oferecida pela imagem ultra-som foi encarada como insuficientes, sendo sugerida a sua substituição por um aumento tridimensional capaz de facilitar a correta inserção da agulha.

Medication reconciliation at patient admission: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To measure length of hospital stay (LHS) in patients receiving medication reconciliation. Secondary characteristics included analysis of number of preadmission medications, medications prescribed at admission, number of discrepancies, and pharmacists interventions done and accepted by the attending physician. Methods: A 6 month, randomized, controlled trial conducted at a public teaching hospital in southern Brazil. Patients admitted to general wards were randomized to receive usual care or medication reconciliation, performed within the first 72 hours of hospital admission. Results: The randomization process assigned 68 patients to UC and 65 to MR. LHS was 10±15 days in usual care and 9±16 days in medication reconciliation (p=0.620). The total number of discrepancies was 327 in the medication reconciliation group, comprising 52.6% of unintentional discrepancies. Physicians accepted approximately 75.0% of the interventions. Conclusion: These results highlight weakness at patient transition care levels in a public teaching hospital. LHS, the primary outcome, should be further investigated in larger studies. Medication reconciliation was well accepted by physicians and it is a useful tool to find and correct discrepancies, minimizing the risk of adverse drug events and improving patient safety.

Formulation and characterization of a 0.1% rapamycin cream for the treatment of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-related angiofibromas

International audience

Persistent infectious and tropical diseases in immigrant correctional populations

A number of infectious diseases amongst travelers and the immigrant populations are a major public health concern. Some have a long incubation period or remain asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic for many years before leading to significant clinical manifestations and/or complications. HIV, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis or latent syphilis are among the most significant persistent diseases in migrants. Schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis, for instance, are persistent helminthic infections that may cause significant morbidity, particularly in patients co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B and C. Chagas disease, which was initially confined to Latin America, must also now be considered in immigrants from endemic countries. Visceral leishmaniasis and malaria are other examples of parasitic diseases that must be taken into account by physicians treating incarcerated migrants. The focus of this review article is on the risk of neglected tropical diseases in particularly vulnerable correctional populations and on the risk of infectious diseases that commonly affect migrants but which are often underestimated.

Child Abuse and Mental Disorders in Iranian Adolescents

Background: Child abuse is a serious social health problem all over the world with important adverse effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to extend our understanding of the relation between mental disorders and child abuse. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey on 700 students in secondary schools using multiple cluster sampling in Yazd, Iran in 2013. We applied 2 self reported questionnaires: DASS (depression anxiety stress scales)-42 for assessing mental disorders (anxiety, stress and depression) and a standard self-reported valid and reliable questionnaire for recording child abuse information in neglect, psychological, physical and sexual domains. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: There was a statically significant correlation between mental disorder and child abuse score (Spearman rho: 0.2; P-value < 0.001). The highest correlations between mental disorders and child abuse were found in psychological domain, Spearman’s rho coefficients were 0.46, 0.41 and 0.36 for depression, anxiety and stress respectively (P-value < 0.001). Based on the results of logistic regression for mental disorder, females, last born adolescents and subjects with drug or alcohol abuser parents had mental disorder odds of 3, 0.4 and 1.9 times compared to others; and severe psychological abuse, being severely neglected and having sexual abuse had odds 90, 1.6 and 1.5 respectively in another model. Conclusions: Programming for mandatory reporting of child abuse by physicians and all health care givers e.g. those attending schools or health centers, in order to prevent or reduce its detrimental effects is useful and success in preventing child abuse could lead to reductions in the prevalence of mental disorders.

Moderating effects of contextual factors on relationship between pharmaceutical marketing strategies and physician prescription decision: A review

Decision–making by physicians on patients’ treatment has received increased research attention. Research on the effect of marketing strategies on prescription behaviour has tended to generate controversial results. While some researchers reported a strong influence, some found only moderate effects, while others find no influence at all. The main objective of this paper is to review the influence of the marketing strategies by pharmaceutical firms and contextual factors on physician attitude to drug prescription. The paper presents comprehensive information on pharmaceutical marketing efforts through exhaustive review of relevant literature, and identifies the moderating effects of contextual factors on physician prescribing decisions. It also presents a crucial conceptual model for explaining the theoretical linkages between marketing strategies of pharmaceutical firms, contextual factors and the decision of the physician regarding drug prescription.

South Carolina 2017 List of Reportable Conditions

This is a list of diseases and conditions that must, by law, be reported by physicians and health care professionals to their local public health department.

Multi-Principal Agency and the Compliance with Professional Guidelines in Health Systems: Economic and Regulatory Perspectives

Amid the trend of rising health expenditure in developed economies, changing the healthcare delivery models is an important point of action for service regulators to contain this trend. Such a change is mostly induced by either financial incentives or regulatory tools issued by the regulators and targeting service providers and patients. This creates a tripartite interaction between service regulators, professionals, and patients that manifests a multi-principal agent relationship, in which professionals are agents to two principals: regulators and patients. This thesis is concerned with such a multi-principal agent relationship in healthcare and attempts to investigate the determinants of the (non-)compliance to regulatory tools in light of this tripartite relationship. In addition, the thesis provides insights into the different institutional, economic, and regulatory settings, which govern the multi-principal agent relationship in healthcare in different countries. Furthermore, the thesis provides and empirically tests a conceptual framework of the possible determinants of (non-)compliance by physicians to regulatory tools issued by the regulator. The main findings of the thesis are first, in a multi-principal agent setting, the utilization of financial incentives to align the objectives of professionals and the regulator is important but not the only solution. This finding is based on the heterogeneity in the financial incentives provided to professionals in different health markets, which does not provide a one-size-fits-all model of financial incentives to influence clinical decisions. Second, soft law tools as clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are important tools to mitigate the problems of the multi-principal agent setting in health markets as they reduce information asymmetries while preserving the autonomy of professionals. Third, CPGs are complex and heterogeneous and so are the determinants of (non-)compliance to them. Fourth, CPGs work but under conditions. Factors such as intra-professional competition between service providers or practitioners might lead to non-compliance to CPGs – if CPGs are likely to reduce the professional’s utility. Finally, different degrees of soft law mandate have different effects on providers’ compliance. Generally, the stronger the mandate, the stronger the compliance, however, even with a strong mandate, drivers such as intra-professional competition and co-management of patients by different professionals affected the (non-)compliance.

Metodological issues in measuring the detection of emotional disorders by primary care physicians: a review of the literature

A series of studies in the field of Epidemiological Psychiatry have been performed over the last two decades, and these have focused on the ability of primary care physicians to detect emotional disorders in the patients that attend their practices. The scientific methodology utilized in these studies is the subject of this review, which contains a discussion concerning: a) interviewer awareness bias; b) accuracy of the instruments and c) medical and psychological concepts involved in defining minor emotional disorders. Suggestions for change in the methodology are made in each of the sections of the review.

Hair coloration by gene regulation: fact or fiction?

The unravelling of hair pigmentation genetics and robust delivery systems to the hair follicle (HF) will allow the development of a new class of colouring products. The challenge will be changing hair colour from inside out by safely regulating the activity of target genes through the specific delivery of synthetic/natural compounds, proteins, genes, or small RNAs.

Devices and Techniques for Blood Pressure Measurement and Criteria for Hypertension Adopted by Brazilian Physicians: Exploratory Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine technical procedures and criteria used by Brazilian physicians for measuring blood pressure and diagnosing hypertension. METHODS: A questionnaire with 5 questions about practices and behaviors regarding blood pressure measurement and the diagnosis of hypertension was sent to 25,606 physicians in all Brazilian regions through a mailing list. The responses were compared with the recommendations of a specific consensus and descriptive analysis. RESULTS: Of the 3,621 (14.1%) responses obtained, 57% were from the southeastern region of Brazil. The following items were reported: use of an aneroid device by 67.8%; use of a mercury column device by 14.6%; 11.9% of the participants never calibrated the devices; 35.7% calibrated the devices at intervals < 1 year; 85.8% measured blood pressure in 100% of the medical visits; 86.9% measured blood pressure more than once and on more than one occasion. For hypertension diagnosis, 55.7% considered the patient's age, and only 1/3 relied on consensus statements. CONCLUSION: Despite the adequate frequency of both practices, it was far from that expected, and some contradictions between the diagnostic criterion for hypertension and the number of blood pressure measurements were found. The results suggest that, to include the great majority of the medical professionals, disclosure of consensus statements and techniques for blood pressure measurement should go beyond the boundaries of medical events and specialized journals.

Medical botany containing systematic and general descriptions, with plates, of all the medicinal plants, indigenous and exotic, comprehended in the catalogues of the materia medica, as published by the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and Edinburgh : accompanied with a circumstantial detail of their medicinal effects, and of the diseases in which they have been most successfully employed /

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Medical botany containing systematic and general descriptions, with plates, of all the medicinal plants, indigenous and exotic, comprehended in the catalogues of the materia medica, as published by the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and Edinburgh : accompanied with a circumstantial detail of their medicinal effects, and of the diseases in which they have been most successfully employed /

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