Ajudando os inimigos: espécies nativas facilitam a invasão do semiárido brasileiro por árvores exóticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

HELMINTH FAUNA of TWO GECKO LIZARDS, HEMIDACTYLUS AGRIUS and LYGODACTYLUS KLUGEI (GEKKONIDADE), FROM CAATINGA BIOME, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL.

This study presented data on helminth fauna of two gecko lizards, Hemidactylus agrius and Lygodactylus klugei, from Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil. It was found four helminth species parasitizing H. agrius, cistacanth of Centrorhynchidae (Acanthocephala) and the nematodes Physalopteridae (larvae), Parapharyngodon alvarengai (Pharyngodonidae) and Skrjabinelazia sp. (Seuratidade). The host Lygodactylus klugei presented two helminth species, one individual of Mesocoelium monas (Trematoda: Mesocoeliidae) in the small intestine and one encysted larvae of Physalopteridae (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) attached at stomach wall. The lizard species showed a low prevalence and low richness of helminths. Moreover, H. agrius presented a low intensity of infection. The foraging mode, arboreal habit and a restricted composition of diet could favoring the low prevalence, low infection rates and low richness of helminths found in these geckonid host species.

Participação de moradores no programa de coleta seletiva em três bairros de Natal/RN: explorando determinantes psico-socio-ambientais

The general purpose of the study was the analysis of residents' participation in the program of door-by-door collection of recyclable residuals in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Even though the conception of such program by municipal managers was basically aimed at providing job opportunities and income for the collectors, the main objective of the investigation was to verify whether residents' participation could be attributed to their environmental commitment. Data collection involved three municipal districts and was performed in three stages, with complementary methodological strategies (observation, questionnaire, and interview), and characterized by selfevaluation, by residents, and hetero-evaluation, by collectors. Social, demographic, situational/contextual, and dispositional data were identified to help in the analysis of residents' adherence to the program. Separating and delivering recyclable residuals was the most frequent type of residents' participation, which demonstrates their low level of appropriation of decisions related to the program, taking part on it as passive agents. Two forms of motivation towards participating in the program were found: environmental and social. Despite the first being more frequent, it was associated to lack of environmental awareness related to the process, which may very well imply a mere reproduction of pro-environmental discourse. Motivation towards social issues was strongly connected to philanthropic forms of help. Knowledge was revealed as na important predictor for participation, as well as social networks, formed by neighbors, relatives and friends. Despite the social emphasis in the design of the program, it is possible to conclude that some residents also perceive its environmental benefits, possibly as consequence of a knowledge originated outside the program. Initiatives of environmental education should be promoted in order to minimize the allegation of lack of knowledge as justification for non-participation. Similarly, actions to put together municipal management and population would be welcome, to promote joint decisions towards sustainable styles of life

Culicídeos vetores em uma unidade de conservação da caatinga na região do seridó no Rio Grande do Norte aspectos da transmissão de doenças

The scarcity of occurrence records of culicid species, transmitting insects of etiologic agents for arboviruses, protozoan diseases and philarioses, and lack of information about their interactions with the forest environment make the Caatinga one of the most unknown biomes in Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify culicid species in a conservation unit located in a preserved area of the Caatinga and the possible associations with local abiotic factors, as well as characterize the natural and artificial ecotopes present in the Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte state. The Ecological Station of Serido (ESEC-Seridó) is a Caatinga Conservation Unit located in a rural area of Rio Grande do Norte. The hot and dry climate of the Caatinga, along with a short rainy season, favor the adaptation and resistance of plants, resulting in completely distinct landscapes over the course of the year. The study took place over the course of one year, with monthly collections between 10h-12h, 14h-16h and 18h-20h. Adult mosquitoes were collected in a forest area using a manual suction trap with human bait as attractant at the three times and a Shannon trap for night collections. During the rainy season ovitraps were randomly distributed at different sites. The different capture sites were observed and photographed. Immature and adult insects captured were taken to the laboratory for identification. Of the 5081 insects collected in human-bait and Shannon traps, 75% were Mansonia wilsoni. In addition, Aedeomyia, Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Haemagogus, Mansonia and Psorophora were identified. Of the 92 Haemagogus eggs found, 71 were collected on the banks of a reservoir. Mosquito larvae were found and photographed in an artificial breeding site of a neighboring rural area. Humidity had the greatest influence on culicid density in the Caatinga. Rain was important in the appearance of Haemagogus, Anopheles, Aedes and Psorophora. Temperature had a negative influence on Anopheles triannulatus. The occurence of important vector species of diseases in a little known preserved area of the Caatinga as well as environmental and sociocultural questions are factors that favor the emergence of transmitting insects, making these areas potential subject to the resurgence of diseases

Alterações ambientais em Parelhas, Rio Grande do Norte: metais pesados em sedimentos de drenagens e percepção de comunidades rurais em relação a mudanças na paisagem

The conservation of natural resources is essential and constitutes the main subject of many researches, which characterize important aspects concerning the environmental alterations in the ground, water, landscape and socioeconomic information. This study aimed to investigate the anthropogenic input of heavy metals in the environment, in the area of the Parelhas dump site and in part of the Seridó River and to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the sediments. This can result in risk to the environment and human health. In addition, we sought to establish the socioeconomic profile of rural communities adjacent to Seridó River and to comprehend the perception of these dwellers about the changes in the places they live. The area of this study is located in the city of Parelhas/RN, in the centralsouthern part of the State, in the micro-region of the Oriental Seridó. This area comprehends the place where the dump site is located, next to RN 086, the Caldeirão dam, the Quintos river called by local citizens Caldeirão creek and part of Seridó river, perpetuated by the Boqueirão dam, which crosses the city and it includes the rural communities of Almas, Domingas, Sussuarana II and Colonos. Regarding the study with bottom sediments, the samples were collected and taken to the laboratory of geochemistry, where they were dried, sieved, weighted and submitted to weak acid attack. The analysis of heavy metals was held by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - Flame AAS. We applied 23 closed questionnaires constituted by 38 questions to collect informations in the rural communities, oriented to establish the socioeconomic profile and the environmental perception of the participants. The participants were distributed in the communities of Almas (1), Domingas (2), Sussuarana II (10) and Colonos (10). Most of them presented similar socioeconomic profiles. They are from 45 to 60 years old and live in these localities for 20 to 30 years or more. The families are composed by 3 or 4 people; the agriculture is the main activity, livestock is the secondary and 48% of them earn the minimal wage. Regarding the environmental perception, the participants can realize some changes in vegetation, soil, water and landscape. People living longer in the community, and with more years of experience on the local reality can perceive the depletion of the soil, pastures and changes in the landscape. These changes portray how the place was previously and what it represents today. The perception of these changes, besides the environmental ones, includes others concerning the increasing number of dwellers in the last years, as well as the number of houses. The changes happened through activities developed by the dwellers over the years, including agricultural practices, livestock, grass planting and even the cultivation of cotton. The study provided the acquisition of new data about the environmental reality of this region. It can subsidize the definition of public policies that can be implemented from the perspective of conservation of water resources and of the coexistence and survival of man in the semi-arid

Análise de uso e cobertura do solo no município de Parelhas/RN

The human interference in the semiarid region of Seridó Potiguar has promoted the increase of degraded areas. The economic dynamic that was established in the Seridó territory, especially after the fall of the trinomial cattle-cotton-mining in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century as pillars of the regional economy, resulted in an accelerated process of erosion of natural resources. The municipalities of the Seridó region have been spatially reordered by this new economic dynamic, marked by the growth of existing enterprises, and the development of new agricultural practices. One of the municipalities in the region that restructured its territorial space with the emergence of new agro-industrial activities was the town of Parelhas. With the demise of the trinomial cattle-cotton-mining in the 1980s, other productive activities were intensified from the 1990s, amongst them, pottery, responsible for the vegetal extraction for use as energy source. This recent economic and spatial restructuring in the region, reflected in the Parelhense municipal territory, required new productive ingredients responsible for the modification of past production relations that were based on cattle, cotton and mining. By that a process of exploring the environment was unleashed, especially the native vegetation, in an uncontrolled manner. In this context, the objective of this study was to survey and detect deforestation in the areas of Caatinga vegetation, used indiscriminately as energy supply for new agricultural practices, using remote sensing techniques based on the quantification of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index / NDVI, Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index / SAVI, surface temperature and rainfall data in the years 1990 and 2010. The results indicated that SAVI values above 0.2 in 1990 and 2010 represent the areas with the highest density of vegetation that occur exclusively along the major drainages in the town and areas of higher elevations. The areas between the ranges of values from 0.5 to 0.15 SAVI are areas with poor vegetation. On the other hand the highest values of temperature are distributed in the western and southeastern parts of the township, usually in places where the soil is exposed or there is sparse vegetation. The areas of bare soil decreased in extension in 2010 at 11, 6% when related to 1990, this was caused by a higher rainfall intensity in the first half of 2010, but no regeneration of vegetation occurred in some places in the western and southeastern areas of the municipality today, due to the extraction of firewood to fuel the furnaces of industries in town

Diagnóstico da expansão da cultura canavieira e dos conflitos ambientais de uso do solo no Município de Barra Bonita/SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação de processos de caracterização e remediação de passivos ambientais de contaminação por hidrocarbonetos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise dos determinantes do valor adicionado e do faturamento do trabalho das unidades locais de serviços em geral, serviços de transportes e serviços de comunicação

Incluye Bibliografía

Escoamento superficial e risco de erosão do solo na sub-bacia Jardim Novo Horizonte, Município de Ilha Solteira-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da disposição de efluente agro-industrial no solo através da irrigação por aspersão

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Serpentes da Caatinga: diversidade, história natural, biogeografia e conservação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uso de remanescentes florestais pela anurofauna da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da ocorrência de peixes-boi com base no conhecimento ecológico local e nos parâmetros ambientais na costa leste da Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Atualmente, existem ao redor do mundo três espécies de peixes-boi: a) Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus, 1758); b) Trichechus senegalensis (Link, 1795) e c) Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883), todas pertencentes à família Trichechidae. Algumas características ambientais parecem influenciar a presença dos peixes-boi em uma determinada área, tais como: i) temperatura da água – principalmente para áreas subtropicais, ii) profundidade dos corpos d’água, iii) salinidade e iv) ação das marés; v) disponibilidade de alimento e vi) baixa hidrodinamica. Apesar de as espécies de sirênios existentes no Brasil estarem protegidas pela Lei Federal de Proteção à Fauna (Lei nº 5.197, de 03-01-1967) e sua alteração (Lei nº 7.653, de 18-12- 1987) e pela Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei nº 9.605/98, de 12-02-98), o peixe-boi amazônico e o peixe-boi marinho ainda correm risco de desaparecimento em um futuro próximo, sendo por isso, considerados como vulnerável e muito ameaçado de extinção, respectivamente, pela Portaria IBAMA nº 1.522/89. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de sirênios do gênero Trichechus com base no conhecimento ecológico local e nos parâmetros ambientais existentes na costa leste da Ilha do Marajó, no Estado do Pará. Para tanto foi avaliado o nível de conhecimento dos pescadores locais sobre os peixes-boi; mapeada as áreas de ocorrência dos peixes-boi com base no conhecimento ecológico local e determinou as áreas de maior ou menor probabilidade de ocorrência de peixes-boi com base em indicadores ambientais. Os pescadores locais possuem um excelente conhecimento sobre o peixe-boi, informando características morfológicas, hábito alimentar e preferências ambientais satisfatórias. As ameaças diretas (caça) para a região não estão evidentes devido à diminuição de mão de obra especializadas, havendo apenas captura oportuna. Foi registrado durante o estudo dois encalhes na região e segundo informações de mortalidade de Trichechus spp. na área, nos últimos 50 anos morrem no mínimo 43 animais, sendo estes principalmente usados na farmacologia e consumo. O município de Salvaterra é o com maior probabilidade de ocorrência de peixe-boi segundo as características ambientais (menor intensidade de correntes, baixa salinidade, abundancia de alimento, menor tráfego de embarcações motorizadas) corroborando com os dados do conhecimento ecológico local, que indica a mesma área como de uso pelos peixes-boi. Apesar do incremento nos últimos anos nos estudos dos peixes-boi para o estado do Pará, ainda se faz necessário o investimento maior na pesquisa acerca desses animais. A continuidade das ações relacionadas ao manejo e a conservação dos peixes-boi devem ser somadas a participação dos atores sociais para uma rede de informações mais eficiente a fim de minimizar a perda de hábitat, os encalhes e aperfeiçoar as ações de resgate e reabilitações dos sirênios no estado. A foz do rio Amazonas deve ser especialmente estudada, pois se trata de uma área de simpatia das duas espécies ocorrentes no Brasil que influencia diretamente na conservação dos peixes-boi do todo o país.

Efeito de bacias e de variáveis ambientais na estrutura de comunidades de peixes de igarapés na região do interflúvio Madeira-Purus

Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo estudar a riqueza e a composição da ictiofauna de igarapés de cabeceiras da região do interflúvio Madeira-Purus, e investigar se as variações encontradas podem ser relacionadas às características ambientais e/ou as bacias de drenagem. Foram empreendidas duas campanhas de coletas com duração de aproximadamente 20 dias cada, entre os meses de abril a julho de 2007, totalizando 22 igarapés amostrados, pertencentes a cinco bacias diferentes. Os peixes foram capturados com puçás e pequena rede de arrasto. Nos mesmos locais e períodos de amostragem foram obtidos dados sobre as características estruturais dos igarapés e físico-químicas da água. Foram capturados 5509 exemplares de peixes, pertencentes a 86 espécies, 22 famílias e seis ordens. Characiformes foi o grupo taxonômico mais diversificado seguido de Gymnotiformes e Siluriformes. A composição de espécies foi influenciada principalmente pela largura e profundidade do canal, vazão e tipo de substratos. A presença de ambientes distintos no entorno dos igarapés amostrados também contribuiu para as diferenças ictiofaunísticas encontradas. As bacias de drenagem tiveram forte efeito sobre as comunidades de peixes. Entretanto, os resultados obtidos não permitem afirmar, com segurança, se as diferenças na composição de espécies de peixes entre as bacias estão refletindo as condições históricas ou as diferenças nas condições ambientais.