El maestro se mira en el espejo : análisis sectorial de las expectativas de los profesores de EGB ante la imagen de la profesión docente que ofrece la Reforma.

Abordar el problema de la imagen social del maestro. Conocer el impacto que ha producido y que está produciendo la Reforma en las expectativas profesionales de los enseñantes de la zona sur de la corona metropolitana de Madrid.. Profesores de prescolar y EGB en activo de hasta 50 años.. La estructura metodológica comprende: -Datos secundarios; análisis de los trabajos existentes sobre los objetivos del estudio y relectura de las investigaciones producidas por EDE, con el fín de configurar un marco referencial sobre las expectativas profesionales de los enseñantes antes y después de la Reforma. -Trabajo de campo; 1. Cuatro 'reuniones de trabajo', con claustros de profesores, directivos de sindicatos de enseñantes y asesores de CEPs. 2. Tres 'grupos de discusión'.. Técnicas documentales del campo discursivo.. La imagen del maestro, lo que ve cuando se mira al espejo y que le permite vestirse-prepararse-maquillarse antes de ir a la escuela es la siguiente: 1. Imagen objetiva; 1.1. Estrato medio-medio. 1.2. Profesión definida por: una formación (profesional) superior corta; un título académico; la ocupación que desempeña de profesor de EGB o de Infantil en el Sistema Educativo reglado; el salario, que está condicionado por las relaciones entre la oferta y la demanda en el mercado de trabajo, por la formación-titulación superior-media y, sobre todo, por la condición básica de funcionario; las especiales condiciones que rigen esta ocupación. 1.3. Competencia-incompetencia en la actualidad trastornada por el impacto de la Reforma. 2. Distorsión subjetiva provocada por el curriculum oculto: 2.1. Los padres (la sociedad) no valoran al maestro. 2.2. La administración educativa no proporciona ni la formación ni los medios. 2.3. Los alumnos no quieren a los maestros, no se interesan, se aburren, fracasan..

Familia y patología mental.

Estudiar la institución familiar, en sus diversas formas, en todo tipo de culturas. Según la función que se desea que desempeñe se le asigna un origen, un fín y una protección diferentes, que dictan lo que se debe pensar sobre la familia. Pero lo que determina esto, así como las formas que adquiere en cada momento son las relaciones de intercambio. La función de la familia es la socialización del niño, la integración del individuo en la sociedad. El individuo nace en un grupo: aprende a vivir en grupo y a necesitar de él. Este grupo tiene unas características, unas normas y valores que el niño debe aprender a conocer y respetar, si no quiere ser explicado del grupo en cualquier sentido. Lo que la familia realiza es la trasmisión de las pautas culturales urgentes, es decir, es tramisora de la civilización. Pero así como perdió su categoría de unidad productora, en nuestros días vemos que pierde también la de unidad socializadora. La familia va perdiendo poco a poco sus funciones, así la educación de los hijos se encomienda a otros organismos que parecen conflictos en el seno de la familia que no son más que el resultado de que se siguen apoyando unos roles tradicionalesque no satisfacen las necesidades de hoy. El estudio de la familia es el estudio de las relaciones interpersonales en un ámbito concreto. Si queremos saber algo sobre un individuo tendremos que observarlo interrelacionándose con el grupo. La comunicación es primordial y la incomunicación hace aparecer los sentimientos de infelicidad, aislamiento y por tanto frustracción y agresividad. Es fácil ver que la enfermedad mental está estrechamente relacionada con la incomunicación. Por ello a la hora de realizar la terapia es necesario actuar sobre el grupo familiar buscando una transformación de las relaciones que hagan surgir una comunicación verdadera, requisito de salud.

Urbanismo ambiental y evaluación estratégica

La tesis doctoral "Urbanismo Ambiental y Evaluación Estratégica" investiga y propone un renovado papel del urbanismo y muy especialmente de la ordenación del territorio como instrumentos no tan sólo de valor para la protección del medio ambiente sino también para la consecución de las políticas hacia un desarrollo sostenible. Con tal fín se reflexiona y potencia la visión/función del suelo como recurso ambiental, también en su función urbanística, y de su mano las consecuencias e interacciones que tal conceptuación puede tener en la Comunidad Europea desde su competencia compartida con los Estados Miembros en materia de medio ambiente, concretamente en su capacidad para incidir, mediante técnicas normativas y no normativas en el urbanismo y la ordenación del territorio en cuanto instrumentos de regulación y ordenación del recurso ambiental suelo. En esta nueva andadura del urbanismo ambientalizado o, si se prefiere, en la carrera hacia el desarrollo urbanístico sostenible, la técnica de evaluación ambiental estratégica de determinados planes y programas se revela como fundamental, especialmente si se consigue que su transposición a los ordenamientos internos de los Estados Miembros se lleve a cabo con pleno respeto a las notas insosyalables defendidas en la tesis de técnica preventiva y no reparativa, dinámica, con capacidad de incidencia en la elección misma del modelo de plan y con miras finalistas a la sostenibilidad. Con ella podrá generalizarse el urbanismo ambiental y acelerarse el proceso de revisión que tienen pendiente las materias de urbanismo y ordenación del territorio desde la nueva concepción del suelo como recurso ambiental y mediante la recepción e integración de los principios ambientalistas.

Weaning preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial

Objective: To assess the effect on growth and iron status in preterm infants of a specially devised weaning strategy compared with current best practices in infant feeding. The preterm weaning strategy recommended the early onset of weaning and the use of foods with a higher energy and protein content than standard milk formula, and foods that are rich sources of iron and zinc. Subjects and design: In a blinded, controlled study, 68 preterm infants (mean (SD) birth weight 1470 (430) g and mean (SD) gestational age 31.3 (2.9) weeks) were randomised to either the preterm weaning strategy group (n = 37) or a current best practice control group (n = 31), from hospital discharge until 1 year gestation corrected age (GCA). Main outcome measures: Weight, supine length, occipitofrontal head circumference, and intakes of energy, protein, and minerals were determined at 0, 6, and 12 months GCA. Levels of haemoglobin, serum iron, and serum ferritin were assayed at 0 and 6 months GCA. Results: Significant positive effects of treatment included: greater increase in standard deviation length scores and length growth velocity; increased intake of energy, protein, and carbohydrate at 6 months GCA and iron at 12 months GCA; increased haemoglobin and serum iron levels at 6 months GCA. Conclusions: The preterm weaning strategy significantly influenced dietary intakes with consequent beneficial effects on growth in length and iron status. This strategy should be adopted as the basis of feeding guidelines for preterm infants after hospital discharge. School of Applied Statistics Faculty of Life Sciences

Operator Theory and Its Applications: In Memory of V. B. Lidskii (1924-2008)

This book is a collection of articles devoted to the theory of linear operators in Hilbert spaces and its applications. The subjects covered range from the abstract theory of Toeplitz operators to the analysis of very specific differential operators arising in quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and the theory of elasticity; the stability of numerical methods is also discussed. Many of the articles deal with spectral problems for not necessarily selfadjoint operators. Some of the articles are surveys outlining the current state of the subject and presenting open problems.

On a class of nonselfadjoint periodic boundary value problems with discrete real spectrum

In a previous paper (J. of Differential Equations, Vol. 249 (2010), 3081-3098) we examined a family of periodic Sturm-Liouville problems with boundary and interior singularities which are highly non-self-adjoint but have only real eigenvalues. We now establish Schatten class properties of the associated resolvent operator.

On the near periodicity of eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices

Let $A$ be an infinite Toeplitz matrix with a real symbol $f$ defined on $[-\pi, \pi]$. It is well known that the sequence of spectra of finite truncations $A_N$ of $A$ converges to the convex hull of the range of $f$. Recently, Levitin and Shargorodsky, on the basis of some numerical experiments, conjectured, for symbols $f$ with two discontinuities located at rational multiples of $\pi$, that the eigenvalues of $A_N$ located in the gap of $f$ asymptotically exhibit periodicity in $N$, and suggested a formula for the period as a function of the position of discontinuities. In this paper, we quantify and prove the analog of this conjecture for the matrix $A^2$ in a particular case when $f$ is a piecewise constant function taking values $-1$ and $1$.

Proof of concept of automated mapping of weeds in arable fields

The project investigated whether it would be possible to remove the main technical hindrance to precision application of herbicides to arable crops in the UK, namely creating geo-referenced weed maps for each field. The ultimate goal is an information system so that agronomists and farmers can plan precision weed control and create spraying maps. The project focussed on black-grass in wheat, but research was also carried out on barley and beans and on wild-oats, barren brome, rye-grass, cleavers and thistles which form stable patches in arable fields. Farmers may also make special efforts to control them. Using cameras mounted on farm machinery, the project explored the feasibility of automating the process of mapping black-grass in fields. Geo-referenced images were captured from June to December 2009, using sprayers, a tractor, combine harvesters and on foot. Cameras were mounted on the sprayer boom, on windows or on top of tractor and combine cabs and images were captured with a range of vibration levels and at speeds up to 20 km h-1. For acceptability to farmers, it was important that every image containing black-grass was classified as containing black-grass; false negatives are highly undesirable. The software algorithms recorded no false negatives in sample images analysed to date, although some black-grass heads were unclassified and there were also false positives. The density of black-grass heads per unit area estimated by machine vision increased as a linear function of the actual density with a mean detection rate of 47% of black-grass heads in sample images at T3 within a density range of 13 to 1230 heads m-2. A final part of the project was to create geo-referenced weed maps using software written in previous HGCA-funded projects and two examples show that geo-location by machine vision compares well with manually-mapped weed patches. The consortium therefore demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using a GPS-linked computer-controlled camera system mounted on farm machinery (tractor, sprayer or combine) to geo-reference black-grass in winter wheat between black-grass head emergence and seed shedding.

The civic zeitgeist: nationalism and liberal values in the European radical right

This article examines the relationship between nationalism and liberal values, and more specifically the redefinition of boundaries between national communities and others in the rhetoric of radical right parties in Europe. The aim is to examine the tension between radical right party discourse and the increasing need to shape this discourse in liberal terms. We argue that the radical right parties that successfully operate within the democratic system tend to be those best able to tailor their discourse to the liberal and civic characteristics of national identity so as to present themselves and their ideologies as the true authentic defenders of the nation's unique reputation for democracy, diversity and tolerance. Comparing the success of a number of European radical right parties ranging from the most electorally successful SVP to the more mixed BNP, FN and NPD, we show that the parties that effectively deploy the symbolic resources of national identity through a predominantly voluntaristic prism tend to be the ones that fare better within their respective political systems. In doing so, we challenge the conventional view in the study of nationalism which expects civic values to shield countries from radicalism and extremism.

The FunFOLD2 server for the prediction of protein-ligand interactions

The FunFOLD2 server is a new independent server that integrates our novel protein–ligand binding site and quality assessment protocols for the prediction of protein function (FN) from sequence via structure. Our guiding principles were, first, to provide a simple unified resource to make our function prediction software easily accessible to all via a simple web interface and, second, to produce integrated output for predictions that can be easily interpreted. The server provides a clean web interface so that results can be viewed on a single page and interpreted by non-experts at a glance. The output for the prediction is an image of the top predicted tertiary structure annotated to indicate putative ligand-binding site residues. The results page also includes a list of the most likely binding site residues and the types of predicted ligands and their frequencies in similar structures. The protein–ligand interactions can also be interactively visualized in 3D using the Jmol plug-in. The raw machine readable data are provided for developers, which comply with the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction data standards for FN predictions. The FunFOLD2 webserver is freely available to all at the following web site: http://www.reading.ac.uk/bioinf/FunFOLD/FunFOLD_form_2_0.html.

Serum protein layers on parylene-C and silicon oxide: effect on cell adhesion

Among the range of materials used in bioengineering, parylene-C has been used in combination with silicon oxide and in presence of the serum proteins, in cell patterning. However, the structural properties of adsorbed serum proteins on these substrates still remain elusive. In this study, we use an optical biosensing technique to decipher the properties of fibronectin (Fn) and serum albumin adsorbed on parylene-C and silicon oxide substrates. Our results show the formation of layers with distinct structural and adhesive properties. Thin, dense layers are formed on parylene-C, whereas thicker, more diffuse layers are formed on silicon oxide. These results suggest that Fn acquires a compact structure on parylene-C and a more extended structure on silicon oxide. Nonetheless, parylene-C and silicon oxide substrates coated with Fn host cell populations that exhibit focal adhesion complexes and good cell attachment. Albumin adopts a deformed structure on parylene-C and a globular structure on silicon oxide, and does not support significant cell attachment on either surface. Interestingly, the co-incubation of Fn and albumin at the ratio found in serum, results in the preferential adsorption of albumin on parylene-C and Fn on silicon oxide. This finding is supported by the exclusive formation of focal adhesion complexes in differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (CGR8), cultured on Fn/albumin coated silicon oxide, but not on parylene-C. The detailed information provided in this study on the distinct properties of layers of serum proteins on substrates such as parylene-C and silicon oxide is highly significant in developing methods for cell patterning.