Variação espacial da perda de solo por erosão em diferentes superfícies geomórficas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência das superfícies geomórficas na variação espacial da perda de solo por erosão na região de Pereira Barreto, São Paulo (SP). Os solos foram amostrados nos pontos de cruzamento de uma malha, georreferenciados, com intervalos de 350m, na profundidade de 0,0-0,2m, totalizando 67 pontos. Foram feitas determinações da composição granulométrica e do conteúdo de matéria orgânica. Foram avaliados os fatores de erosão locais, tais como erosividade (R), erodibilidade (K), fator topográfico (LS), uso e manejo (C), práticas conservacionistas (P), potencial natural de erosão (PNE), perda de solo com e sem práticas conservacionistas (A e *A), tolerância de perda de solo (T) e risco de erosão (RE). As variáveis A, PNE e RE apresentaram forte correlação espacial com o fator topográfico (LS), indicando a forte relação do relevo sobre os fatores de erosão. As perdas de solo (A e *A) apresentaram comportamento coerente com a conceituação de superfícies geomórficas, evidenciando as relações de dependência do processo erosivo do solo aos ambientes geomórficos.

Influência das dimensões organizacionais na gestão do conhecimento: pesquisa empírica na rede de hoteleira de Natal/RN

This dissertation of Master of Science investigates the influence of the organization dimensions in the development of the management of the knowledge in the administrative activities developed by the tourist sector of the city of the Natal/RN. The adopted methodology was a descriptive research and exploration, using the technique of analysis of Cluster and Box Multiple Plot. The objective of if using descriptive and exploration analysis of the absolute values and the gotten percentages, are to present, on the basis of the studied dimensions, the degree of importance and the agreement related to the organization knowledge in the perception of the interviewed ones. The used instrument of research was a composed questionnaire for two parts: study of the management of the knowledge and profiles of the companies and interviewed. This questionnaire aims at the study of the organization environment, evidencing if the same it propitiates one administrative politics directed for the creation, storage and dissemination of the organization knowledge. Of this form, the general result presented a relationship of the content seen in the bibliography with the activities developed in the hotels, demonstrating that the management of the organization knowledge is of great importance for the development of this activity

Receitas bruta e líquida parcial e custo de dietas contendo polpa cítrica para suínos abatidos com 130kg de peso

Avaliou-se o custo de inclusão da polpa cítrica em programa de restrição alimentar qualitativa, utilizando dados de desempenho de 36 suínos da linhagem Topigs, dos 83,7±5,1kg aos 129,8±1,9kg de peso, alimentados com dietas contendo porcentagens crescentes (0, 10, 20 e 30%) de polpa cítrica. Os animais foram abatidos aos 130kg e dos valores (R$) da carcaça foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e o custo com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da inclusão da polpa cítrica sobre o custo com ração e receita bruta, porém houve efeito linear negativo (P<0,05) sobre o rendimento líquido parcial com o aumento da participação da polpa cítrica nas dietas. A queda no rendimento líquido parcial foi causada pelo menor peso da carcaça obtida de animais alimentados com porcentagem mais elevada de polpa cítrica. Considerando a evolução dos preços do milho, do farelo de soja e do suíno entre junho de 2005 e maio de 2006, foram determinados 12 diferentes cenários para o rendimento líquido parcial. em todos esses cenários, foi observada redução linear da receita líquida parcial em função da inclusão da polpa cítrica, mostrando que esse ingrediente não foi eficiente em promover melhora no rendimento (R$) ao produtor.

Boro em arroz de terras altas cultivado em solução nutritiva

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de boro na produção de matéria seca e nos parâmetros morfológicos das raízes de duas cultivares de arroz de terras altas. O experimento foi desenvolvido de abril a julho de 2004, em casa de vegetação, em Botucatu (SP), empregando-se duas cultivares de arroz - Caiapó e BRS Talento. As plântulas foram obtidas em condições controladas e após cinco dias, transferidas para vasos de plástico com capacidade para 8 L, utilizando areia lavada como suporte, deixando quatro plantas por vaso. Os tratamentos foram: 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 8,0 mg L-1 de B, aplicados via solução nutritiva. O corte foi realizado aos 70 dias após o transplante, sendo coletadas parte aérea e sistema radicular separadamente, determinado suas matérias secas e concentrações de N e B, bem como o comprimento, área superficial e diâmetro médio radicular. Não foi possível obter efeito positivo da aplicação de boro, evidenciando que para a cultura do arroz a dose ótima é a inferior a 0,5 ml L-1 de B. A aplicação de 3,8 e 3,4 mg L-1 de B causou efeitos tóxicos às cultivares Caiapó e Talento respectivamente. O limite de toxicidade para raízes das duas cultivares é a concentração de 2,7 mg L-1 de B. Sob toxicidade severa de B as plantas de arroz reduzem expressivamente o comprimento e aumentam o diâmetro radicular, resultando em menor área de absorção de nutrientes.

Sobre o financiamento no Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação

Este artigo apresenta uma análise inicial do financiamento das ações do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação - PDE -, lançado em abril de 2007 pelo governo federal, focalizando algumas expectativas, impasses e impactos. Muitas das inquietações e dúvidas aqui expostas foram manifestadas no Seminário Itinerante O Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação - PDE - em Debate nas Universidades Públicas Paulistas, em que especialistas de diferentes instituições tiveram a oportunidade de debater com os formuladores e responsáveis pela implementação do plano. Optou-se por organizar análise em três partes. Na primeira parte, discutem-se alguns pressupostos do financiamento da educação nacional, mostrando que o país pode e deve aplicar mais recursos para alcançar um desenvolvimento educacional e social adequado. Na segunda, analisam-se documentos do MEC que explicitam as concepções que fundamentam o PDE no que se refere ao financiamento das 40 ações propostas. Na terceira, os autores se posicionam quanto à forma de financiamento adotada e quanto aos recursos previstos ou alocados para a execução das ações. Para finalizar, uma série de questões sobre o plano são levantadas em perspectiva propositiva.

O gênero blog: ação social e multimodalidade.

Studies about discursive genres peak at a necessity to understand how these genres work in a society that is more and more submissive to the technology of informatics such as ours. In acknowledging that the virtual context of the Internet provides the manifestation and development of new genres of the discourse, we perceived that the online journal, or blog, as commonly known, is responsible for a variety of linguistic phenomena that would normally take severaI years to consolidate. Since its appearance in 1997 blogs rush as a virtual version of the personal diary and in a short time due to communicative demands suffers several changes, making new categories of blog genres emerge. Facing such phenomena, this work intends at first to characterize blogs as a genre that exercises a social action, evidencing its formal, structural and pragmatic characteristics from the notion of recurrence and rhetoric in a discursive-semiotic perspective. The methodological postulates adopted by this research are considered of qualitative basis in the sense that they are not restricted to looking at the discursive events as a product, but mainly they take into consideration a group of situational, cultural and ideologic factors that are present in the constitution of genre.

Formação de professores de assentamentos rurais do Rio Grande do Norte: representações, memórias e práticas de letramento

This work has as study object the representations that teachers have about literacy, and schooling, as well as their memories and their reading and writing practices in the formation process of teachers in rural areas of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. We focused our discussion in literacy practices constructed on language workshops, assumed as necessary for the teacher formation, the existence of a pedagogical context that allows developing the appropriate teaching action. These workshops aimed at creating a space of constant reflection and action. The corpus is composed of letters written by teachers in formation workshops and interviews emphasizing questions of literacy, schooling, memories and reading and writing practices. These teachers make use of literacy practices related to the plots which they belong to. This research is informed mainly by studies that discuss the Literacy (Street, 1984, 1995; Barton, 1998; Freire, 1978, 1980, 1990, 1996), focusing its political character and of inclusion to the literate world, the Social Representations (Moscovici, 1978) and the studies on genre as a discoursive practice (Fairclough, 2001). Methodologically, this research is of critical ethnographic nature (Cameron, 1992). The letters are disclosed as identity practices - pictures of life histories of the teachers. The analyses of the interviews, in turn, show the literacy multifaceted character, evidencing innumerable views on the phenomenon

Chemical and Bioactive Quality Traits During Fruit Ripening in Eggplant (S-melon gena L.) and Allied Species

A chemical and bioactive quality evaluation of phytochemicals content of 10 eggplant lines and three allied species (S. sodomaeum, S. aethiopicum and S. integrifolium) was performed. The eggplant lines were divided into the two subgroups of delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R) and nasunin (NAS) typologies, on the basis of the anthocyanin detected in their fruit skin. The allied species had higher glycoalkaloids content, lower soluble solids and PPO activity and absence of anthocyanins compared to the eggplant lines; S. sodomaeum stood out for high phenols content. Orthogonal contrast revealed a higher sugar content and low PPO activity in NAS- compared to D3R-typologies, whereas higher chlorogenic acid and anthocyanin contents were present in D3R-typologies. The main effect of the ripening was a decrease in phenols and in the PPO activity, not evidenced in S. sodomaeum, and an increase of glycoalkaloids in overripe fruits.A good relationship was found between superoxide anion scavenging capacity and chlorogenic acid. This study highlighted the pattern of accumulation, also evidencing variations, of several phytochemicals during the eggplant fruit development and ripening.

Desenvolvimento de sistemas líquido-cristalinos empregando silicone fluido de co-polímero glicol e poliéter funcional siloxano

DEVELOPMENT of LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE SYSTEMS USING SILICON GLYCOL COPOLYMER and POLYETHER FUNCTIONAL SILOXANE. For the construction of the phase diagrams, the method of the aqueous titration was used. There were prepared 5 ternary diagrams, varying the surfactant and the oil phase. The liquid-crystalline phases were identified by polarized light microscopy. The formulations prepared with silicon glycol copolymer, polyether functional siloxane (PFS) and water (S(1)) and with diisopropyl adipate, PFS and water (S(4)) presented liquid-crystalline phases with lamellar arrangement. Moreover, after 15 days in hot oven (37 degrees C), the formulations presented hexagonal arrangement, evidencing the influence of the temperature in the organization of the system.

Atividade inseticida das plantas e aplicações: revisão

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Atributos químicos, produção e qualidade do capim braquiária em solos corrigidos com calcário e escória silicatada

As pastagens constituem a base dos sistemas de produção de bovinos, o que evidencia sua importância e a necessidade de outras práticas de manejo que resultem em maior eficiência desses sistemas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os atributos químicos do solo (pH, Ca, Mg e H+Al), o potencial produtivo e a composição química do capim braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) em solo corrigido com diferentes doses de calcário e escória silicatada. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no período de 2006/2007, na UNESP de Ilha Solteira. Foram testadas cinco doses de calcário e escória silicatada, 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 vezes a dose recomendada. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a composição química do solo após incubação dos corretivos, o perfilhamento, a matéria seca, proteína, FDN (fibra em detergente neutro) e FDA (fibra em detergente ácido). Ambos os corretivos proporcionaram ao solo efeito positivo em relação ao pH e teores de cálcio e magnésio. As variáveis matéria seca e FDA não foram influenciadas significativamente pelos tipos e doses de corretivos.

Membranas de quitosana micro e macroporosas : preparo, caracterização e estudos de permeabilidade

Two methodologies were proposed to obtain micro and macroporous chitosan membranes, using two different porogenic agents. The methodologies proved to be effective in control the porosity as well as the pore size. Thus, microporous membranes were obtained through the physical blend of chitosan and polyethylene oxide (PEO) on an 80:20 (m/m) ratio, respectively, followed by the partial PEO solubilization in water at 80 ◦C. Macroporous chitosan membranes with asymmetric morphology were obtained using SiO2 as the porogenic agent. In this case, chiotsan-silica ratios used were 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 (m/m). Membranes characterization were carried out by SEM (scanning electronic microscopy), X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal analysis (TG, DTG , DSC and DMTA). Permeability studies were performed using two model drugs: sodium sulfamerazine and sulfametoxipyridazine. By transmission FTIR it was possible to confirm the complete removal of SiO2. The SEM images confirmed the porous formation for both micro and macroporous membranes and also determined their respective sizes. By thermal analysis it was possible to show differences related with water sorption capacity as well as thermal stability for both membranes. DTG and DSC allowed evidencing the PEO presence on microporous membranes. The absorbance x time curves obtained on permeability tests for micro and macroporous membranes showed a linear behavior for both drugs in all range of concentration used. It was also observed, through P versus C curves, an increase in permeability of macroporous membranes according to the increase in porosity and also a decrease on P with increase in drug concentration. The influences of the drug molecular structure, as well as test temperatures were also evaluated

Recovery of soil physical properties by green manure, liming, gypsum and pasture and spontaneous native species

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Projeto político de formação do enfermeiro: contextos, textos, (re)construções

This research analyses politic Project for nursing education, in its articulation with economical, political and social context of 1970s and 1980s in national level and, in special, nurse formation process in FAEN/UERN space, situating it on the context of Brazilian sanitary reformation movement and participation movement. The thesis is firmed on the sense of explaining whether that movement circa the nurse formation process has been able to build necessary instruments for the transformation of biomedical formation model historically consolidated, in the perspective of conceiving another model anchored on social determination of health/illness process, with the purpose of assuring ethical and political commitment with the SUS praised by sanitary reformation. The study visualized the object considering its specificity, its concrete historical determinations and institutional as well as organizational relationships that permeate possibilities of valorizing it, analyzing it, interpreting it and rebuilding it. Its operationalization occurred in three movements, it means, bibliographical review; documents study; interviews and focal groups realized with professors of the institution. We can apprehend as main results that the nurse formation process has incorporated widely spread conceptions by the sanitary reformation movement and participation movement, assuming the commitment with transformation of health services and social reality. Nevertheless it prevails, still, amongst some professors in the same institutional space, the commitment to a predominantly technicist formation, focused on instrumental knowledge. Opinion divergence explicit diversity of conceptions circa education and, as consequence, distinct political commitments, also contradictory to formation. Thus, there is a lacuna between what is foreseen on political pedagogical project and what is rendered in FAEN/UERN, evidencing the clash related to conceptual bases of formation project. Interpretations, divergent political attitudes and resistances to the process allowed several formation ways. However, formation under new conceptual bases, find limits on the context of social politics implemented in Brazil during the 1990s, neoliberal-based, expressed on expansion and consolidation of health private system, managed by market rules, strengthening biomedical formation model. Notwithstanding, there is a favorable to its implementation, starting from the first years of 21st century, moment when Brazilian sanitary reformation reappear on health speech, as well as facing the policy of permanent education in health. This reality explicit a process of dialectical tension between instituted and institutor, anticipating the moment of scission or adaptation and return to what is already known. Despite of clashed, knowledge, accumulated experience, contribution to services, the construction of partnerships out of university space and articulation with national movement of (re)orientation of nurse formation, have been constituted as vital instruments to offer support to formation in FAEN/UERN. Still, we consider necessary the (re)visitation to FAEN/UERN politic pedagogical Project considering the existing and implemented construction, without, yet, depreciate the norther axis of the project at the reaching of its intentionality

Estudo evolutivo das condições ambientais da região costeira do município de Guamaré - RN

The work concerns on the evolutionary study of the environmental conditions of the coastal area of Guamaré-RN, where was investigated the geo-environmental transformation occourred in this region, whose primordial purpose was to diagnose the changes verified in the temporary space of five decades (1950 to 2001). With the objective of evaluanting the action of the active coastal processes (currents, waves, tides and winds), in order to understand the generating mechanisms of the erosion/sedimentation, evidenced by constant morphologic changes. The adopted methodological procedure consisted of a succession of stages, involving bibliographical and cartographic study, aereal photographs study, digital treatment of images, field work (sample collection, beaches profiles, characterization of the beach environment and morfodynamics), mapping correction and laboratory analyses (granulometry). The evolutionary study of the morphologic features indicated significant variations in the studied period, mainly, in the dunes, sea terraces, variation of the shore line and tidal flat, evidencing the largest transformations in the temporary space between 1988 and 2001. The analyses of the beach profiles showed a sedimentation tendency in the area of the profiles P1, P2 and P3, however in the monitored pediod, it was observed in the referred profiles, erosive and depositionals intervals evidencing a need of more effective monitoring. The results of the granulometric analyses indicate a predominance of mean to coarse sand in the backshore and estirancy area, as in the shoreface, the analyses indicated medium to fine sand. The morfodynamic state, showed that beach of Minhoto is intermediate state, with alternancy to reflective. The areas of larger vulnerability and sensibility are the tidal flat, shore line, barrier island and mobile dunes, that actually is suffering great environmental impact with expansion of the carcinoculture, urban presence and natural impacts (erosion of the shoreline)