Un mundo rural en transición : La campaña bonaerense según el Primer Censo Nacional de Población de la República Argentina (1869)

La campaña de Buenos Aires había recibido desde fines del siglo XVIII importantes corrientes migratorias interprovinciales que fueron progresivamente desplazadas por las provenientes de Europa. Si bien existen trabajos ;basados en los resultados generales, se ha abordado muy poco el ;estudio de la población a partir de las cédulas censales en sí mismas. Nos proponemos aquí observar la estructura de la población de la campaña bonaerense durante estos primeros tiempos de la inmigración masiva, aplicando una perspectiva comparada entre tres pueblos: San Antonio de Areco en la zona norte, Mercedes en el centro y San Vicente en el sur. Se prestará particular atención a la composición de la población, su origen, las actividades productivas y el proceso de urbanización. Se analizan igualmente las pautas de destino y localización geográfica de los extranjeros en los pueblos rurales, las ocupaciones preferidas y la eventual diversificación de actividades en función de las nacionalidades

Adaptación del modelo leader en el territorio huejotzingo, puebla: una nueva propuesta de desarrollo rural local

Free people association constructed from button to above to get better conditions of people using local resources, are among others, elements of local development. LEADER (Liaisons HQWUH DFWLYLWpV GH 'HYHORSHPHQW GH /¶(FRQRPLH 5XUDO) is the Europe Union model of rural development. The LEADER method is conformed in seven features which are factors of success in the approach of applying in different territories . The actions held in the municipal council of rural development of San Andres C a l p a n during 2010 showed some elements of LEADER for it´s adjustment: 1).- territory definition , 2).- local association , 3).- financing. It´s used a methodology consists of reviewing documents about the financing and association in the territory studied, survey applying t define the model of agricultural production and development along with mayors of different municipalities, the economical and social actors. The definition performance field with territory integration of citizen councils as groups of local action and a financing strategy are part of the results of this process of adapting in this territory

Mapping urban shrinkage in Europe. Training School Final Report. EU-COST Action TU0803

In the context of the European COST Action ‘Cities Regrowing Smaller’ (CIRES) a training was held in Dortmund, Germany from November 14th to 18th in 2011. The training school ‘Mapping Urban Shrinkage’ aimed to get young researchers and scholars from different European countries together to deal with questions of how to measure and illustrate shrinkage

Crossed-arch vaults in late-gothic and early Renaissance vaulting: a problem in building technology transfer

Crossed-arch vaults are a particular type of ribbed vaults. Their main feature is that the ribs that form the vault are intertwined, forming polygons or stars and leaving an empty space in the middle. The firsts appear in Córdoba in the second half of the 10th Century. Afterwards, the type diffused through Spain and North Africa, 11th_13th Centuries. These vaults reappear in Armenia in the 13th Century. In the 14th and 15th Century a few examples are found both in England (Durham, Raby) and Central Europe (Prague, Landshut, Vienna). At about the same time, Leonardo da Vinci produced designs for the Tiburio (Ciborium) of Milan cathedral with a cross-arched structure and proposed tests to assess the strength; he also, made use of the same pattern of vault for Renaissance centralized churches. Eventually, the type can be tracked through the 17th (Guarini) and 18th (Vittone) Centuries, until Spanish post war architecture in the 1940-60s (Moya). Some questions arose, which so far, have not been answered. How was it possible that a particular type of vault had such enormous geographical spread? How was it transmitted from Córdoba to the Caucasus? The matter is one of transfer of knowledge, ideas, and technology; it relates both aesthetics and construction.

Estudo semântico-lexical do códice oitocentista Memoria sobre o Plano de Guerra Offensiva e Deffensiva da Capitania de Matto Grosso

Esta tese, com o intuito de contribuir para uma reflexão em torno da história da formação da língua portuguesa no Brasil, propõe como objetivo geral realizar um estudo do léxico no município de Cáceres-MT, tendo como base a discussão sobre manutenção, tendência à manutenção, desuso, tendência ao desuso e neologismo semântico de unidades lexicais extraídas de um manuscrito oitocentista. Os objetivos específicos são os seguintes: (i) compreender a história social da Capitania de Mato Grosso e do município de Cáceres, a partir das informações constantes no manuscrito Memoria, e aspectos que envolvam as condições de produção do documento e a biografia do autor; (ii) levantar o léxico do manuscrito, com recorte nos substantivos e adjetivos para servir de base na seleção das unidades lexicais a serem testadas in loco, e investigar a acepção registrada no documento das unidades lexicais, caracterizando, assim, o léxico do período oitocentista; (iii), fazer um cotejo lexicográfico abrangendo dicionários gerais dos séculos XVIII ao XXI; (iv) testar e identificar, a partir do corpus oral constituído por meio de pesquisa de campo na região urbana cacerense, o grau de manutenção, tendência à manutenção, desuso, tendência ao desuso e neologismo semântico em relação às unidades lexicais e suas respectivas acepções registradas no manuscrito. Dessa forma, toma-se como corpus de língua escrita de análise o manuscrito oitocentista Memoria sobre o plano de guerra offensiva e deffensiva da Capitania de Matto Grosso e, a partir das unidades lexicais selecionadas e extraídas dele, realizou-se a pesquisa de campo para o recolhimento do corpus de língua oral. Antes dessa recolha, tendo como base teórico-metodológica as disciplinas de Dialetologia e de Geolinguística, selecionou-se a localidade (município de Cáceres - MT) e os informantes (total de dezesseis); elaborou-se o questionário semântico-lexical, considerando fundamentalmente a proposta apresentada pelo Comitê Nacional do Projeto ALiB (2001); e realizou-se a pesquisa de campo e as transcrições das entrevistas. Para análise de natureza semântico-lexical dos corpora, recorreu aos estudos lexicográficos e lexicológicos. Tomando por base os resultados do estudo realizado, constatou-se que na realidade linguística do informante cacerense encontram-se unidades que já integravam o léxico oitocentista da língua portuguesa escrita no Brasil, ou seja, há uma memória semântico-lexical que se mantém no sistema lexical, provavelmente, devido às condições sócioculturais do município de Cáceres, Mato Grosso, cuja população, em grande parte, por quase duzentos anos, viveu na área rural. Todavia, vislumbrou-se um certo equilíbrio entre a manutenção do léxico oitocentista sem deixar de lado a inovação e o mecanismo polissêmico constitutivo do léxico.

Effects of landscape spatial heterogeneity on dryland restoration success. The combined role of site conditions and reforestation techniques in southeastern Spain

In occidental Europe, Spain is one of countries the most severely affected by desertification (Arnalds & Arsher 2000). Particularly, South-eastern Spain is considered as one of the most threatened areas by desertification in Mediterranean Europe (Vallejo 1997). In 2003, the Valencia Regional Forest Service implemented a restoration demonstration project in this area. The project site is a small catchment (25 ha) located in the Albatera municipality. The catchment is highly heterogeneous, with terraced slopes, south-facing slopes and north-facing slopes. The restoration strategy was based on planting evergreen trees and shrubs which can grow quickly after disturbances, and on field treatments aimed at maximizing water collection (micro-catchments, planting furrows), organic amendment (compost), and conservation (tree shelters, mulching). On south landscape unit, the whole category of restoration treatments was applied: water micro-catchment + Tubex tree shelters + mulching & compost, while on north landscape unit: netting tree shelters + mulching & compost only were applied, while in terrace landscape unit: furrows + netting tree shelters + mulching & compost were applied. Survival and growth of the planted seedlings were used as metrics of restoration success. To assess the effects of the treatments applied for soil conservation, soil loss rates (from 2005 to 2009) were evaluated using the erosion pin method. We conclude that, despite the limiting conditions prevailing on the south unit, this landscape unit showed the highest survival and growth plant rates in the area. The best seedling performances on the south landscape unit were probably due to the highest technical efforts applied, consisting in the water micro-catchment installation and the Tubex plant shelters addition. In addition, soil loss rates followed decreasing trends throughout the assessment period. Soil loss rates were highest on south landscape unit in comparison with the other landscape units, due to the more accentuated relief. North landscape unit and terrace unit showed a net soil mass gain, probably reflecting the trapping of sediments produced by plantation works.

The fiscal compact - Europe's "hard core" based on German economic conditions. OSW Commentary No. 71, 2012-03-07

On 2 March, the leaders of 25 EU member states signed the Treaty on stability, coordination and governance in the economic and monetary union. It will introduce new fiscal constraints and officially vest new competences in the eurozone countries. Thus, their right to coordinate economic policy among them will be sanctioned. So far, the Lisbon Treaty has only provided for organisation of informal Eurogroup meetings, to be attended by representatives of the European Commission. The principles introduced by the compact, if the eurozone countries are really determined to observe its provisions, will create a new way of managing the single currency. Within the next few years, the most indebted countries will have to carry out radical reforms to boost their competitiveness and adjust it to German standards. During this period the Federal Republic of Germany will most probably decide to offer higher loan guarantees to relieve these countries’ budgets. The compact’s political consequences are also of great significance, especially considering how the treaty was finalised. The eurozone states have in fact accepted that the direction for changes will be devised by France and Germany, and the role of European institutions such as the Commission or the Parliament may weaken. From the perspective of eurozone candidate countries, the introduction of the fiscal compact means expanding the scope of conditions they must meet to become members of the single currency area. In the future, a country, in order to adopt the single currency, will have to meet the structural deficit criterion, and also most probably carry out economic reforms such as unifying its fiscal system. These goals will be achieved across the eurozone gradually, in the subsequent stages of the economic governance reform.

Die proto-konstitutionelle Etablierung der europäischen Innenpolitik, Rückblick und Ausblick auf Bedingungen föderaler Ordnung in Europa = The proto-constitutional establishment of European domestic policy. Review and outlook on conditions of federal order in Europe. ZEI Discussion Paper C225, 2014

ZEI Director Prof. Ludger Kühnhardt recalls the leading ideas of federalism as territorial equivalent for political pluralism. Celebrating the 80th anniversary of Bonn historian and political scientist Prof. Dr. Hans-Peter Schwarz, he reflects on the emerging EU domestic policies in ZEI Discussion Paper C 225.