960 resultados para ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS


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Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

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A cidade de Alenquer, localizada na região do Baixo Amazonas do Estado do Pará, sofre historicamente com a ameaça de inundação. Todos os anos, na época da enchente, o furo Surubiú aumenta seu nível, inundando as partes mais baixas da cidade. A presente dissertação analisa o risco a inundação existente na cidade de Alenquer proporcionando instrumentos para a gestão e melhorias das ações do poder público. A análise de ameaça se baseou em uma metodologia que agrega dados históricos, hidrológicos, mapa de construção participativo e trabalho de campo com GPS, identificado três áreas distintas na cidade: (i) área de alta suscetibilidade, anualmente afetada pelas inundações, abrange 8,4% da área da cidade (ii) área de moderada suscetibilidade, apenas atingida quando observado os maiores índices fluviométricos e (iii) área que mesmo na maiores enchentes não é atingida. O cálculo da vulnerabilidade ocorreu a partir da construção de um índice que inclui dados do censo de demográfico, trabalho de campo para a identificação dos elementos essenciais e unidades de respostas. Após a aplicação do índice verificou-se que dos 17 setores da cidade, cinco apresentam alta vulnerabilidade, e os demais moderada vulnerabilidade. Na análise de risco os dados de vulnerabilidade e ameaças foram integrados e novamente três zonas na cidade foram identificadas (i) a zona de alto risco corresponde a 9,45 % da cidade, onde há grande concentração de elementos essenciais e algumas unidades de respostas, o que provoca danos sociais e econômicos quando da ocorrência de inundação (ii) zona de moderado risco, 30% da cidade e (iii) zona de baixo risco que corresponde a 60,55% da cidade. O Plano Diretor do município foi analisado com alguns questionamentos para verificar a inclusão da temática de ameaça, vulnerabilidade e risco nesse documento, após a análise pode se concluir a falta de abordagem dessa temática no plano diretor. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa são importantes para subsidiar políticas publicas e os documentos exigidos pela Defesa Civil quando da ocorrência de desastres.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A presença de elementos não essenciais nas águas superficiais do rio Amazonas é uma preocupação global, o objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a distribuição dos elementos As, Al, Mn, e Pb na água do estuário do rio Amazonas. As amostras foram coletadas em três regiões distintas: Canal Norte (AP), Canal Sul (PA) e rio Pará (PA) em três profundidades, com um total de 84 amostras. A espectrometria de emissão atômica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICPAES) foi utilizada para avaliar os teores de Al, Mn e Pb e a espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com geração de hidretos (HGAAS) foi usada para a análise do As. O As variou de <0,35 a 50,60 µg/L, o Al de <1,88 a 3347,70 µg/L, o Mn de 0,13 a 403,39 µg/L e Pb de <0,18 a 57,78 µg/L. Em média As (canal Sul), Al (todas as regiões), Mn (canal Norte e Sul) e Pb (canal Norte e Sul) se encontraram em valores acima do permitido pela legislação brasileira. Os elementos podem ter origem antrópica originária de atividade de mineração e industrial e origem natural proveniente de decomposição de rochas ígneas da bacia de drenagem do rio Amazonas que disponibilizam o elemento na forma ligada ao material particulado em suspensão.

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This article analyzes the main aspects related to digital preservation in Higher Education Institution (HEI). Discusses the problems and challenges to be facing in this context and presents the main aspects and strategies involving digital preservation in this institution type, focusing on three: the organizational aspects, the legal aspects and the technical aspects. The methodological procedures involved the literature analysis on the subject area. As a result shows a digital preservation policy that includes 15 (fifteen) essential elements, distributed in three segments (aspects), and the importance of each element to the deployment of a digital preservation policy.

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Fruit quality is the result of the action of several factors, in particular the individual and combined effect of mineral nutrients. The proper evaluation of mineral nutritional requirements causes that fruit plants can express all their genetic potential. Thus, a research has been conducted in tropical fruit, for evaluating the influence of mineral nutrients on fruit quality; however, they appear dispersed. The objective of this review was to compile and report the effects of mineral nutrients on fruit quality of guava, mango, banana and papaya. Consequently, information about the influence of the essential elements in color, flavor, shape, size, appearance, penetration resistance, physiological disturbs disease incidence, physicochemical characteristics and lifetime of post - harvest fruit are presented.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Plant-frugivore interactions are essential elements in ecosystem and their knowledge can becomes an important tool for the biodiversity maintenance. This study focused on analyzing the trophic structure of volant frugivore community and its implications for conservation. Bats and birds interactions events with plants were taken from three studies realized in Mata da Bica, a fragment of semideciduous seasonal forest in Botucatu- SP, and arranged in a matrix. A total of 40 interactions with 14% of connectance were found and only one dietary overlap between birds and bats was registrated. Carollia perspicillata (Phyllostomidae) bat showed the highest importance index (I=0,33) among the animals and Pereskia aculeata (Cactaceae) was the most important plant species (I=0,42). Birds and bats complemented each other in a possible dispersal process emphasizing different classes of animals’ role in an unique ecological process

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Over the last years, the new technologies have changed the way we relate to information and communicate with other people, which has brought on impact to foreign language teaching and learning, and, consequently, to the area of foreign language teacher education. The abbreviation CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) has been used to designate the processes of language teaching and learning with the use of computers, and language teacher education in CALL to name teacher education for and with the use of new technologies, since a number of authors point to the interdependence of both processes. We intend in this article to present an overview of the literature of the area of language teacher education in CALL nowadays and discuss issues related to the use of new technologies concerning its integration to teacher education and the functional and institutional roles to be taken. We also present two proposals of teacher education with the use of new technologies which are being implemented and at the same time studied in Brazil, which we believe have essential elements for the development of language teachers for and with the use of new technologies currently.

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Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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With the purpose to contribute to the construction of quality indicators in human resources management, this study aimed at identifying, from the perspective of nurse managers, essential elements in the composition of indicators for evaluating human resources management in nursing. To that end, phenomenology was adopted as the theoretical methodological framework for this qualitative investigation, in which ten nurses performing in teaching or care provision at a university hospital participated. Following approval by the Committee of Ethics in Research and the subjects’ consent, interviews were performed from September 2005 to July 2006. The analysis enabled the recovery of the following topics “Professional education”, “Training multiprofessional nursing teams” and “Institutional training conditions” in the Permanent Education category and topics “Actions that favor participant management” and “Team work” in the Participant Management category. In its conclusion, the study considers the findings to allow identify elements constituting quality indicators in human resources management.

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A simple and fast method for the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se and Zn in bovine semen by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (q-ICP-MS) is described. Prior to analysis, samples (200 mu L) were diluted 1:50 in a solution containing 0.01% v/v Triton (R) X-100 and 0.5% v/v nitric acid and directly analyzed by ICP-MS. The limits of detection of the method are 0.3, 0.03, 0.2, 0.04, 0.04, 0.03 and 0.03 mu g L-1 for Ca-44, Cu-63, Fe-57, Mg-24, Zn-64, Se-82 and Mn-55, respectively. For purposes of comparison and method validation, four ordinary bovine semen samples were directly analyzed by ICP-MS and by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS), with no statistical difference between the techniques at the 95% level when applying the t-test. Then, the proposed method was applied in the determinations of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se and Zn in collected samples of bovine semen from different breeds, which are used in reproduction programs and artificial insemination.

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Brazil holds the second largest population of domestic dogs in the world, with 33 million dogs, only behind the United States. The annual consumption of dog food in the country is 1.75 million tons, corresponding to the World's sixth in trade turnover. Dog food is supposed to be a complete and balanced diet, formulated with high quality ingredients. All nutrients and minerals required for an adequate nutrition of dogs are added to the formulation to ensure longevity and welfare. In this context, the present study aimed at assessing the chemical composition of dry dog foods commercialized in Brazil. Thirty-four samples were acquired in the local market of Piracicaba and analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine the elements As, Br, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, U, and Zn. In general, the concentrations of Ca, Fe, K, Na, and Zn complied with the values required by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). To evaluate the safety of dog food commercialized in Brazil, further investigation is necessary to better understand the presence of toxic elements found in this study, i.e. Sb and U. INAA was useful for the screening analysis of different types and brands of dry dog foods for the determination of both essential and toxic elements.