IL28B expression depends on a novel TT/-G polymorphism which improves HCV clearance prediction.

Approximately 3% of the world population is chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), with potential development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the availability of new antiviral agents, treatment remains suboptimal. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified rs12979860, a polymorphism nearby IL28B, as an important predictor of HCV clearance. We report the identification of a novel TT/-G polymorphism in the CpG region upstream of IL28B, which is a better predictor of HCV clearance than rs12979860. By using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals carrying different allelic combinations of the TT/-G and rs12979860 polymorphisms, we show that induction of IL28B and IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) mRNA relies on TT/-G, but not rs12979860, making TT/-G the only functional variant identified so far. This novel step in understanding the genetic regulation of IL28B may have important implications for clinical practice, as the use of TT/G genotyping instead of rs12979860 would improve patient management.

Graecia Sophiani / Ex conatibus Geographicis Abrahami Ortelii Antverpiensis A° 1596

Échelle(s) : [1:3 828 000 environ], Mil. Germ. 40 [= 7,6 cm]

Catalogue de tableaux modernes provenant de la collection de M. T***... / [expert] Francis Petit

[Vente. Art. 1858-12-24. Paris]

The sustainable debts of Philip II: A reconstruction of Castile's fiscal position, 1566-1596

The defaults of Philip II have attained mythical status as the origin of sovereigndebt crises. We reassess the fiscal position of Habsburg Castile, derivingcomprehensive estimates of revenue, debt, and expenditure from new archivaldata. The king s debts were sustainable. Primary surpluses were large and rising.Debt-to-revenue ratios remained broadly unchanged during Philip s reign.Castilian finances in the sixteenth century compare favorably with those of otherearly modern fiscal states at the height of their imperial ambitions, includingBritain. The defaults of Philip II therefore reflected short-term liquidity crises,and were not a sign of unsustainable debts.

Kutenai tales / by Franz Boas ; together with texts collected by Alexander Francis Chamberlain

Collection : Bulletin ; 59

Tableaux et dessins anciens et modernes : collection de M. Véron / [expert] Francis Petit

[Vente. Art. 1858-03-18. Paris]

Catalogue de tableaux modernes, dessins... provenant du cabinet de monsieur le docteur F***... / [expert] Francis Petit

[Vente. Art. 1858-04-10. Paris]

Catalogue de tableaux et dessins modernes... / [expert] Francis Petit

[Vente. Art. 1859-02-26. Paris]