Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2008

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2008

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2009

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2010

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2011

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2011

A temporal hierarchy for conspecific vocalization discrimination in humans.

The ability to discriminate conspecific vocalizations is observed across species and early during development. However, its neurophysiologic mechanism remains controversial, particularly regarding whether it involves specialized processes with dedicated neural machinery. We identified spatiotemporal brain mechanisms for conspecific vocalization discrimination in humans by applying electrical neuroimaging analyses to auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in response to acoustically and psychophysically controlled nonverbal human and animal vocalizations as well as sounds of man-made objects. AEP strength modulations in the absence of topographic modulations are suggestive of statistically indistinguishable brain networks. First, responses were significantly stronger, but topographically indistinguishable to human versus animal vocalizations starting at 169-219 ms after stimulus onset and within regions of the right superior temporal sulcus and superior temporal gyrus. This effect correlated with another AEP strength modulation occurring at 291-357 ms that was localized within the left inferior prefrontal and precentral gyri. Temporally segregated and spatially distributed stages of vocalization discrimination are thus functionally coupled and demonstrate how conventional views of functional specialization must incorporate network dynamics. Second, vocalization discrimination is not subject to facilitated processing in time, but instead lags more general categorization by approximately 100 ms, indicative of hierarchical processing during object discrimination. Third, although differences between human and animal vocalizations persisted when analyses were performed at a single-object level or extended to include additional (man-made) sound categories, at no latency were responses to human vocalizations stronger than those to all other categories. Vocalization discrimination transpires at times synchronous with that of face discrimination but is not functionally specialized.

Behavioural species discrimination in red wood ants (Formica rufa group)

The Formica rufa group (red wood ants) currently includes six species. Nevertheless, during previous work based on molecular markers, we showed the existence of one population morphologically identified as F. lugubris, but genetically different from all other analysed populations of this species. This population could represent a cryptic species within the Swiss National Park and has been provisionally named Formica lugubris-A2. To verify our hypothesis, we conducted a behavioural test based on the ability of ants to recognize pupae of their own species when compared to those of another species. The three red wood ant species present in the Swiss National Park (F. lugubris, F. paralugubris and F. aquilonia) and the F. lugubris-A2 population were used in our study. Results indicate that the F. lugubris-A2 population differs from other F. lugubris and from all other species in the behaviour of its workers and in the way its pupae are discriminated by other species. This is in accordance with the genetic data and strengthens our hypothesis on the existence of a new cryptic red wood ant species within the Swiss National Park.

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2012

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2013

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2013

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2014

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2014

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2015

Audit report on the Black Hawk County Criminal Justice Information System for the year ended June 30, 2015