1000 resultados para Denominações de origem


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Organic residue analysis of archaeological potsherds is a well-established method for determining the uses of European and North American pottery vessels. In the present work we assess if the organic residues identified in Brazilian potsherd extracts are related to commodity processes (e.g. cooking or surface treatment) or to other non-archaeological sources, using as a model potsherds recovered from the Rio do Meio site (Santa Catarina Island). The potsherd extracts are dominated by saturated fatty acids (Ac16:0, with lower abundances of Ac14:0 and Ac18:0). Our studies provide evidence that the organic residues preserved in the Brazilian archeological potsherds are related to foodstuffs and surface treatment processes of the pottery vessels.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The main purpose of this work is to describe the use of the technique Site-Specific Natural Isotopic Fractionation of hydrogen (SNIF-NMR), using ²H and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, to investigate the biosynthetic origin of acetic acid in commercial samples of Brazilian vinegar. This method is based on the deuterium to hydrogen ratio at a specific position (methyl group) of acetic acid obtained by fermentation, through different biosynthetic mechanisms, which result in different isotopic ratios. We measured the isotopic ratio of vinegars obtained through C3, C4, and CAM biosynthetic mechanisms, blends of C3 and C4 (agrins) and synthetic acetic acid.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Minerals adsorb more readily amino acids with charged R groups than those with uncharged R groups, so that the incorporation of amino acids with charged R groups into peptides would be more frequent than that of amino acids with uncharged R groups. However, 74% of the amino acids in the proteins of modern organisms contain uncharged R groups. Thus, what could have been the mechanism that produced peptides/proteins with more amino acids with uncharged R groups than precursors with charged R groups? The lipid world offers an alternative view of the origin of life. In the present paper, several other mechanisms are also discussed.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In the present paper some controversies on the origin of life are discussed. Did the first living beings on Earth have an autotrophic or heterotrophic origin? What did come first, genetic code or metabolism? Were cells invented early? What was the role of minerals regarding the origin of life?

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Methodologies of extraction of lipids from chicken breast and oats flakes were evaluated: Soxhlet, Folch et al., Bligh & Dyer and Hara & Radin. For chicken breast, the methods Soxhlet, Folch et al. and Bligh & Dyer presented the highest yields in total lipids. With oat flakes, the methods Soxhlet and Bligh & Dyer presented higher yields than the Hara & Radin and Folch et al. The Soxhlet method affected the quality of the lipid fraction in both samples. Extracted lipid components were separated by thin layer chromatography, the chloroform-methanol based was more efficient to extract the neutral and polar lipids.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The terpenoid composition of seven amber samples from Araripe Basin (Santana Formation, Crato Member) has been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine their botanical origin. The diterpenoids, which have been identified in the fossil resin extracts are derived primarily from the abietane class, e.g., dehydroabietane, 4-epidehydroabietol, 16,17,18-trisnorabieta-8,11,13-triene, 7-oxo-16,17,19-trisnorabieta-8,11,13-trieno, dehydroabietic acid, ferruginol, hinokiol and hinokione. Their composition is certainly typical for conifers, and angiosperms can be excluded as the botanical source, as no triterpene was identified. The terpenoid characteristics strongly support a relationship to the Araucariaceae or Podocarpaceae families. In addition, the fossil record of the embedding sediments (pollen and fossil leaves) also supports the proposal of these paleobotanical origins for the ambers.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for the largest number of deaths among humans worldwide, including heart attacks, strokes, and thrombosis. The treatment of thrombosis is generally through the administration of anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs, which have some clinical limitations. Plants synthesize a wide variety of bioactive metabolites in response to different stimuli. This review focuses on a number of molecules of vegetal origin belonging to different chemical classes, with significant anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects. Their promising antithrombotic profile confirms the potential of natural products as a source of lead molecules for drug development in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The input of agrochemicals in the aquatic compartment can results in biochemical injuries for living organisms. In this context, the knowledge of alterations of enzymatic activities due the presence of agriculture pollutants contributes for the elucidation of the mechanisms of toxicity, implementation of economic methods for monitoring purposes and establishment of maximum allowed concentrations. In the present work, the above considerations are discussed, and data concerning changes in enzymatic function by pesticides and fertilizer contaminants are reviewed. Also, we focused on the acid phosphatase due its susceptibility to several pollutants and diversity in cellular functions.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The fact that biologically relevant molecules exist only as one of the two enantiomers is a fascinating example of complete symmetry breaking of chirality and has long intrigued our curiosity. The origin of this selective chirality has remained a fundamental enigma with regard to the origin of life since the time of Pasteur, 160 years ago. The symmetry breaking processes, which include autocatalytic crystallization, asymmetric autocatalysis, spontaneous crystallization, adsorption and polymerization of amino acids on mineral surfaces, provide new insights into the origin of biomolecular homochirality.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Metalloids have characteristics between metals and non-metals which give them, in some cases, specific properties. At least two of this chemical elements, boron and silicon, are essential to a significant number of living organisms and since some years ago it has been observed that the same metalloids may be involved in the synthesis and stabilization of some molecules relevant to the origin of life.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This is an overview of LC-MS techniques applied for macrolide determination in food, including sample preparation and method validation, as well as the policies adopted by international agencies regarding their presence in food. Techniques for the analysis of macrolides in food normally include solid phase or liquid-liquid extraction followed by HPLC. UHPLC presents advantages in running time, detectability and solvent consumption. Triple-quadrupoles are the most common analyzers in instruments used for the determination of contaminants in food, but time-of-flight and ion-trap spectrometers have been successfully applied for analyses focusing on the investigation of structural formula or the presence of degradation products.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The determination of veterinary drug residues in foods of animal origin is an important issue because of the risk these compounds pose to human health in addition to their persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the area and this review presents the state of the art in sample preparation procedures associated with chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry for multiresidue determination of veterinary drugs in food of animal origin at concentration levels suitable for the control of residues and contaminants in food.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este artigo trata de duas questões suscitadas em "Tentativa de uma autocrítica": como conceber um pessimista sorridente e alegre que esquece com uma risada todo "conforto metafísico" e como reconciliar sua posição ontológica - não há ser, mas devir - com sua concepção da tarefa da arte. O autor aborda a concepção nietzscheana da aparência (Schein) como uma estrutura epistemológica que coloca a ontologia e a filosofia da arte de Nietzsche no contexto de uma concepção de linguagem, levando-o a requerer dos filósofos que eles criem novos valores

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Há um conhecimento acumulado sobre HIV/AIDS após duas décadas de epidemia, no entanto, estudos mostram a necessidade de mudanças na abordagem do ensino para transformação das posturas dos futuros profissionais. Neste contexto, objetivou-se identificar o conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS entre alunos do 5º ano de um curso de medicina. Encontrou-se uma auto-avaliação positiva sobre o conhecimento em relação ao HIV/AIDS atrelado à formação durante a graduação, principalmente no que diz respeito à biossegurança para o exercício profissional. Já em relação ao comportamento sexual, a formação acadêmica não teve o mesmo impacto, pois os estudantes indicam como determinante no exercício da sexualidade o conhecimento prévio, adquirido através da mídia, ensino médio, relações familiares e sociais. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que a instituição formadora deve ser responsável pela consciência crítica capaz de desenvolver a prevenção como a melhor forma de controlar a doença. Mas, este tipo de ensinamento tem que fazer sentido para o aluno enquanto futuro profissional da saúde e principalmente enquanto cidadão exposto a riscos.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O estudo das estruturas fitossociológicas e de tamanhos em fragmentos florestais secundários permite inferências a respeito da composição e das estruturas originais do início da sucessão secundária. Em se tratando de matas de galeria ou ciliares, a importância desses estudos aumenta com a crescente pressão causada por impactos em cursos d'água e suas margens, especialmente as construções de barragens para hidrelétricas. Com este trabalho objetivou-se descrever a estrutura de uma mata de galeria secundária e, a partir desta, identificar uma população de espécie arbórea que participou do início do processo sucessional nessa floresta. Em seguida, com esses dados, objetivou-se estudar a estrutura genética e levantar dados sobre a biologia dessa espécie, que provavelmente iniciou o processo sucessional. Foi realizado um censo de todas as árvores que apresentassem circunferência do caule a 1,3 m do solo maior ou igual a 10 cm. Das 48 espécies de árvores incluídas, 87,5% são endozoocóricas e 12,5 anemocóricas. Das anemocóricas, as com menores diásporos apresentaram maior densidade nessa floresta, que está isolada das outras por pastagens. A mata de galeria em questão apresentou como espécies mais importantes (VI) ovata, Erythrina falcata e Euterpe edulis. Espécies de Ficus do subgênero Urostigma apresentaram grande biomassa, apesar da baixa densidade. Erythrina falcata foi considerada uma das espécies de maior importância, provavelmente associada às espécies de Ficus, no início da sucessão secundária, pela estrutura de diâmetros de caule por ela apresentada. Em Erythrina falcata foram analisados os sistemas isoenzimáticos de Isocitrato Desidrogenase, Peroxidase, Fosfogluco Mutase e Xiquimato Desidrogenase por meio de zimogramas. A população dos 27 indivíduos de Erythrina falcata mostrou-se em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e com relativa alta diversidade alélica. A população de Erythrina falcata mostrou possuir condições biológicas e ecológicas para iniciar a sucessão secundária. A alta diversidade genética da população de Erythrina falcata pode ter sido um dos fatores determinantes do sucesso de colonização da área. A associação de Erythrina falcata com figueiras pode ter sido determinante no sucesso desse processo em seu início, e a associação inicial deve ter funcionado como sistema de baixa diversidade de espécies, comparável a outras florestas alagadas do Sudeste brasileiro.