Exilio, migración, destierro? : Los trabajadores chilenos que se asentaron en el Nor Este de Chubut a partir de Septiembre de 1973. Memorias, historias e implicancias

En este trabajo abordamos el análisis de experiencias exiliares de trabajadores chilenos que se radicaron en el Noreste de la Provincia de Chubut, en Patagonia Argentina, después de producido el golpe de estado contra el presidente democrático Salvador Allende Gossens, en Septiembre de 1973. Cuando revisé la factibilidad de la investigación, y en mérito a los escasos repositorios documentales, decidí, dando continuidad a indagaciones previas, trabajar con historia oral. Esta metodología o práctica, involucra una dimensión personal, subjetiva y afectiva, que supone una constante relación entre los sujetos que participan, lo que implica una cualitativa diferencia en relación a las fuentes más tradicionales. No minimizo el valor de la estadística, pero hago una opción por nombrar y conocer a quienes han compartido con nosotros vivencias y experiencias, explicitando nuestra inscripción en la construcción de la información documental, no objetivándonos. El trabajo desarrollado se halla en la encrucijada entre la historia del pasado reciente y la memoria; con una perspectiva "desde abajo", buscando conjugar la no uniformidad de la experiencia humana, con la pretensión de generalidad y explicación de la ciencia social. Las narraciones o testimonios obtenidos las he revisado, procurando develar las representaciones que subyacen, y comprendiendo el modo en que actuaron. Las memorias tienen un carácter subjetivo y en permanente transformación, lo que en cierto sentido puede singularizarlas, pero como historiadores debemos inscribirlas en un contexto histórico global, para procurar esclarecer las causas, las condiciones, y las estructuras, aportando a una historia total. Hemos rescatado prácticas, percepciones, y discursos; develando la importancia del trabajo como factor organizador y estabilizador, al dotar a estos sujetos, de un sitio en la sociedad receptora, y permitiéndoles "ir desarmando sus valijas", es decir, ir superando la transitoriedad. Al caracterizar al exilio chileno, en el contexto internacional y local; y atendiendo a las escasas producciones que dan cuenta del universo obrero en estas experiencias traumáticas, han sido evidentes los límites que supone una estricta separación entre exilio, y migración económica o política; ya que dicha conceptualización encierra una mirada que invisibiliza derroteros que en principio, o superficialmente, pueden ser leídos como poco organizados. La aplicación del análisis de red, por cierto contribuyó a hacerlos visibles, transformándolos en actores racionales, con objetivos que se movilizaron a partir de los recursos de que dispusieron; tratando de superar el paradigma que hacía de ellos seres desesperados: fueron mujeres y hombres que eligieron un destino posible, siempre atendiendo al doble carácter de la experiencia en que estuvieron inmersos: la salida de su país por un lado los liberó, pero también los privó; asociando indisolublemente sentimientos de dolor por el desprendimiento de lo propio -de los afectos personales y colectivos-, agravados por los efectos de la derrota y la incertidumbre. Son sujetos que pusieron su identidad en riesgo. Pretendemos lograr que esta investigación, no sea sólo un estudio de caso, sino que pueda inscribirse a partir de su especificidad, en tanto exilio obrero, en una perspectiva comparativa, superando una definición espacial específica, en el Nor Este de Chubut.

Théorie des jeux expérimentale & action motrice

How do sportspeople succeed in a non-collaborative game? An illustration of a perverse side effect of altruism Are team sports specialists predisposed to collaboration? The scientific literature on this topic is divided. The present article attempts to end this debate by applying experimental game theory. We constituted three groups of volunteers (all students aged around 20): 25 team sports specialists; 23 individual sports specialists (gymnasts, track & field athletes and swimmers) and a control group of 24 non-sportspeople. Each subgroup was divided into 3 teams that played against each other in turn (and not against teams from other subgroups). The teams played a game based on the well-known Prisoner's Dilemma (Tucker, 1950) - the paradoxical "Bluegill Sunbass Game" (Binmore, 1999) with three Nash equilibria (two suboptimal equilibria with a pure strategy and an optimal equilibrium with a mixed, egotistical strategy (p= 1/2)). This game also features a Harsanyi equilibrium (based on constant compliance with a moral code and altruism by empathy: "do not unto others that which you would not have them do unto you"). How, then, was the game played? Two teams of 8 competed on a handball court. Each team wore a distinctive jersey. The game lasted 15 minutes and the players were allowed to touch the handball ball with their feet or hands. After each goal, each team had to return to its own half of the court. Players were allowed to score in either goal and thus cooperate with their teammates or not, as they saw fit. A goal against the nominally opposing team (a "guardian" strategy, by analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game) earned a point for everyone in the team. For an own goal (a "sneaker" strategy), only the scorer earned a point - hence the paradox. If all the members of a team work together to score a goal, everyone is happy (the Harsanyi solution). However, the situation was not balanced in the Nashian sense: each player had a reason to be disloyal to his/her team at the merest opportunity. But if everyone adopts a "sneaker" strategy, the game becomes a free-for-all and the chances of scoring become much slimmer. In a context in which doubt reigns as to the honesty of team members and "legal betrayals", what type of sportsperson will score the most goals? By analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game, we recorded direct motor interactions (passes and shots) based on either a "guardian" tactic (i.e. collaboration within the team) or a "sneaker" tactic (shots and passes against the player's designated team). So, was the group of team sports specialist more collaborative than the other two groups? The answer was no. A statistical analysis (difference from chance in a logistic regression) enabled us to draw three conclusions: ?For the team sports specialists, the Nash equilibrium (1950) was stronger than the Harsanyi equilibrium (1977). ?The sporting principles of equilibrium and exclusivity are not appropriate in the Bluegill Sunbass Game and are quickly abandoned by the team sports specialists. The latter are opportunists who focus solely on winning and do well out of it. ?The most altruistic players are the main losers in the Bluegill Sunbass Game: they keep the game alive but contribute to their own defeat. In our experiment, the most altruistic players tended to be the females and the individual sports specialists

Savitri y Orfeo : La argumentación en la lógica india y en la retórica clásica

Los mitos de Savitri (Mahabharata 3.293-299) y Orfeo (Ovidio. Metamorfosis 10.1-85), pertenecientes al ámbito cultural indoeur opeo, presentan algunos puntos en común: narran la historia del amante que rescata a su ser amado de la muerte, y combinan el encuentro con los dioses de la muerte y el discurso mediante el poder de la palabra. En esta propuesta, se analizan los discursos de los protagonistas a partir de las convenciones propias de cada contexto de enunciación. Para el caso indio, se sigue el modelo lógico de la escuela Nyaya; para el greco-latino, el de la retórica clásica. De este modo, sobre la base de la estructura argumentativa del silogismo aristotélico, se plantean dos variaciones, respectivamente, el silogismo hindú y el silogismo retórico. Se trata de dos aproximaciones argumentativas con métodos distintos pero con un mismo fin: (con)vencer al oponente

"¿Qué habría pasado si hubiéramos ganado?" Aproximaciones a las memorias de militancias y derrotas después del exilio

El presente artículo se propone explorar y comprender las distintas memorias y representaciones que, quienes vivieron su exilio en México, construyen acerca de lo político y de sus experiencias pasadas de militancia y derrota. Se trata de indagar en tiempo presente cuáles y cómo son las representaciones que elabora un grupo particular de migrantes políticos: aquellos argentinos que, una vez iniciada la apertura democrática en 1983, no regresaron al país de origen y que, actualmente, continúan residiendo en el que fue su país de refugio. Este trabajo parte de diez entrevistas realizadas entre 2009 y 2010 en la ciudad de México, para indagar en los imaginarios y las representaciones subjetivas referidas a un entramado de experiencias políticas particulares en las que se enlazan distintos sentidos del pasado en el presente. Recorriendo esas memorias se profundiza en algunas de las tensiones más significativas que constituyen sus representaciones presentes y las distintas posiciones que asumen frente a la posibilidad de obtener una reparación económica por el exilio vivido

Kenya's 2007 election crisis

On 27 December 2007, the Republic of Kenya held its tenth general election since independence. The ballot-related proceedings went as planned up to and including the vote count, providing grounds for optimism for a largely peaceful transfer of power. However, after the official declaration by the Electoral Commission of Kenya late in the afternoon of 30 December that the presidential election had been won by the incumbent, Mwai Kibaki (from Central Province and a Kikuyu), Kenya entered into a period of deep crisis. How might we best understand this great turbulence, which was unprecedented in post-independence Kenya? Perhaps the answer lies in the sudden defeat of the opposition's presidential candidate, Raila Odinga from Nyanza Province and a Luo, who had been widely expected to win. With the post-election upheaval as the context, and looking at the situation from the standpoint of political history, this paper will offer an analysis of trends in Kenya's politics since 2002.

The misconception of political lessons : how UMNO perceives the fall of LDP in Japan

2012 marks the thirtieth anniversary of Malaysia’s Look East Policy (LEP). This article argues that the strong relationship between Malaysia and Japan is stimulated by symbiotic ties binding together both countries’ respective major political parties, viz. the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). UMNO, especially under the leadership of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (1981-2003), derived political lessons from developments affecting LDP in Japan. Two forms of lessons may be discerned. First, emulation of Japan’s success in economic development, which become the basis of LEP launched in 1981. Second, on which our article focuses, lessons from the failure of LDP to retain power twice in 1993 and 2009. Since 1993, DP’s defeat has been a poignant reminder for UMNO to be in alert mode in facing any electoral possibility. When LDP was again ousted from power in 2009, UMNO was a most psychologically affected party owing to the unprecedented setback it suffered at Malaysia’s Twelfth General Elections (GE) of 2008. Yet, although LDP’s reversal of fortunes served as a landmark for UMNO in situating changes to its trajectory since 1999, the analogical reasoning and political lessons applied by UMNO leaders were, to a large extent, flawed. Arguably, politicians frequently do misjudge in analogising between different situations which at a glance seem to be comparable.

トルコにおける2015年総選挙とエルドアン体制の政策変容

In Turkey, the political system in which Recep Tayyip Erdoğan plays the most important role – the "Erdoğan regime" – has been in place since November 2002. After Erdoğan’s party, the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), won the general elections and he became the prime minster, they were successful in maintaining the single-party administration over ten years. Even since becoming the president and devolving the premiership to Ahmet Davutoğlu in August 2014, Erdoğan has been at the center of the Turkish parliamentary system. However, in the Turkish general elections in June 2015, the AKP failed to get a majority of parliamentary seats for the first time, and the Erdoğan regime seemed to be faced with a crisis. The regime was able to regain the single-party administration in the early general elections in November 2015 by carrying out significant political change after their first electoral defeat. In this sense, for Turkey and the Erdoğan regime, the year 2015 was not only the year of the election, but also of political change. This paper analyzes these two general elections in 2015 and the changes of the political tendencies of the Erdoğan regime which have been observed since the general elections in June 2015 in particular. It also focuses on the changes in the strategies and the relationships among Turkish political actors including President Erdoğan, the AKP government, and the other major political parties.

CONFLITO RELIGIOSO, MARTÍRIO E EXALTAÇÃO VISIONÁRIA: O CASO DE ESTEVÃO EM ATOS 6,1-8,3

Nesta dissertação nos propomos a fazer uma leitura da narrativa de Atos dos Apóstolos 6,1-8,3, considerando-a nos moldes de uma antiga tradição de martírio. Os Helenistas entram em conflito com os Hebreus, Estevão entra em atrito com os judeus da diáspora que se reúnem nas sinagogas, e é levado perante o Sinédrio e executado. O motivo de sua execução é a crítica à Lei e ao Templo. Depois de ter uma experiência de êxtase visionário ele é violentamente assassinado. Lucas, todavia, descreve Estevão como herói vitorioso. A realidade de conflitos, oposição, perseguição e martírio não se constitui em derrota, mas em fortalecimento da fé. A morte de Estevão é interpretada dentro desta tradição. A compreensão do caso de Estevão e dos Helenistas é fundamental para entender a continuação do movimento dos seguidores de Jesus e o início do desenvolvimento da Cristologia após o evento pascal.(AU)

La cultura política del sandinismo: nacimiento, desarrollo y realineamiento de una anomalía política centroamericana

Sandinista ideology and its political culture are born in 1927, with the refusal of the Pacto del Espino Negro by Augusto César Sandino, while its disappearance can be placed in 1999, date of the signature of the Liberal-Sandinista pact with which –effectively- the two main protagonist of nicaraguan politics at that time, Daniel Ortega and Arnoldo Alemán, halt the democratization process of Nicaragua, so putting on ice also its political development. Meanwhile, in the lapse of time between these two pacts, the most intense, feverish, dramatic and participated period of political history of the Central American country develops: an anti-imperialist guerrilla warfare ended in a bloodbath; a dynastic dictatorship of predatory authoritarianism for more than 40 years; a popular revolution that throws down the dictatorship; a decade of revolutionary government attacked by a counter-revolutionary war; an electoral defeat that will lead to a season of “pactismo” that will end the Sandinista anomaly and that will give an opening to something that we could consider –not with a certain difficulty- its pretence. The aim of this essay consists in analyzing how it has been possible that a political experience like the Sandinista Front , created not only for gaining power and for revolutionizing politically, socially and economically Nicaragua, but also for changing radically cultural, ethic and moral perspective of the country and its people, arrived being the contrary of what had been posed as the horizon to aspire...

Profiling in sport using momentum and perturbations

Examining a team’s performance from a physical point of view their momentum might indicate unexpected turning points in defeat or success. Physicists describe this value as to require some effort to be started, but also that it is relatively easy to keep it going once a sufficient level is reached (Reed and Hughes, 2006). Unlike football, rugby, handball and many more sports, a regular volleyball match is not limited by time but by points that need to be gathered. Every minute more than one point is won by either one team or the other. That means a series of successive points enlarges the gap between the teams making it more and more difficult to catch up with the leading one. This concept of gathering momentum, or the reverse in a performance, can give the coaches, athletes and sports scientists further insights into winning and losing performances. Momentum investigations also contain dependencies between performances or questions if future performances are reliant upon past streaks. Squash and volleyball share the characteristic of being played up to a certain amount of points. Squash was examined according to the momentum of players by Hughes et al. (2006). The initial aim was to expand normative profiles of elite squash players using momentum graphs of winners and errors to explore ‘turning points’ in a performance. Dynamic systems theory has enabled the definition of perturbations in sports exhibiting rhythms (Hughes et al., 2000; McGarry et al., 2002; Murray et al., 2008), and how players and teams cause these disruptions of rhythm can inform on the way they play, these techniques also contribute to profiling methods. Together with the analysis of one’s own performance it is essential to have an understanding of your oppositions’ tactical strengths and weaknesses. By modelling the oppositions’ performance it is possible to predict certain outcomes and patterns, and therefore intervene or change tactics before the critical incident occurs. The modelling of competitive sport is an informative analytic technique as it directs the attention of the modeller to the critical aspects of data that delineate successful performance (McGarry & Franks, 1996). Using tactical performance profiles to pull out and visualise these critical aspects of performance, players can build justified and sophisticated tactical plans. The area is discussed and reviewed, critically appraising the research completed in this element of Performance Analysis.

Annotated almanac, 1755

Almanac containing calendar pages with sporadic annotations of measurements and small one-word notes. Winthrop often corrected the almanac's printed chart for the rising and setting of the sun. There are a few handwritten entries including a note in Latin about Winthrop's mother. An unattached sheet of paper folded into the almanac has burial and baptism statistics for Boston and Charleston, and entries about General Braddock's defeat by the French (July 9), a battle between General Johnson and the French and Indians under the Baron de Dieskau (September 8), the execution of two slaves for murdering their master (September 18), and a note that President Holyoke preached the Dudleian lecture (November 25).

Letters from Condy Raguet,

Four letters containing news of Royalist Army officers, including Vice Roy José de la Serna, arriving in Rio de Janeiro after their defeat at the Battle of Ayacucho. Raguet also writes of the public reaction to Bolívar’s victory.

Letter from James Winthrop to William Bentley, 1801 February 12

Two folio-sized leaves containing a one-and-a-half-page handwritten letter from Winthrop to Bentley discussing lunar tables, plans to publish, and a recent gem acquisition. The letter ends, "So Adams is OUT," referring to United States President John Adams's reelection defeat.

Plays and poetry : manuscript, [17--]

Plays and poems, chiefly satires, in support of American independence and patriotic causes.

Emerging From the Shadows : the Life of Captain John (Deserontyou), Circa 1742-1811, Founder of the Bay of Quinte Mohawk Village

This thesis is a biographical examination of the life of Mohawk leader Deserontyou (Captain John) and covers the years from the 1730's up to, and briefly following, 1811. The social, economic and political position of the Mohawk people and Deserontyou's position within the Fort Hunter community prior to the Revolution are addressed first. The Revolutionary War years are then covered with emphasis placed on Deserontyou's military role, the unpleasant conditions at Lachine and the painful reality for the Mohawk people in the aftermath of Britain's defeat. The post-war settlement on the Bay of Quinte is then explored, including the difficulties that Deserontyou experienced with the land, with the British Government, and with his own people. The documents upon which this examination are based come from many primary collections including: The Draper Manuscripts, the Haldimand Papers, the Stuart Papers, Ontario Lands & Forest Survey Records, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, Episcopal Records, the Bell Papers, the File Collection, the Claus Papers and Indian Affairs Papers.