Peucedanum schottii Besser ex DC., novedad para la Flora Iberica.

En otoño de 1984 tuvimos la ocasión de recolectar este orófito europeo, con fruto maduro, en la cumbre del macizo calcáreo de la 'Mare de Deu del Mont', próximo a la población de Besalú (Prepirineos orientales). Vive en los rellanos herbosos inclinados, fisuras y oquedades de la cumbre, muy localizado, en pastos mesoxerófilos del Festucion gautieri. Un inventario tomado en el lugar muestra la siguiente composición florística (exp. N, incl. 60°, cobert. 100%): Festuca gautieri 5.5, Peucedanum schottii 2.3, Veronica austriaca subsp. vahlii 1.1, Avenula mirandana 1.1, Cruciata glabra 1.1, Phyteuma orbiculare 1.1, Seseli montanum 1.1, Dianthus seguieri subsp. gautieri 1.1, Galium pinetorum + , Vicia sepium +, Campanula rotundifolia +, Moehringia muscosa +.1, Allium senescens +, Teucrium chamaedrys + , Asperula cynanchica +, Dactylis glomerata + , Dianthus monspeliacus +, Sedum reflexum +, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. intermedium +.

Una nueva subespecie para Euphorbia flavicoma DC. (Euphorbiaceae)

Con motivo de los estudios biosistemáticos realizados en el marco de una tesis doctoral [J. SIMON, Estudis Biosistics en especies Euphorbia de la subsecció Galarrhaei en la mediterránea occidental, inédita, 1993] sobre las especies no nanofanerófitas y con cápsulas verrugosas de Euphorbia subsect. Galarrhaei (Boiss.) Pax, detectamos dentro del grupo de Euphorbia flavicoma DC. algunas poblaciones de difícil adscripción. El estudio de más de 700 pliegos de esta especie, así como el análisis multivariante, realizado sobre un total de 88 caracteres, nos obliga a proponer una nueva subespecie definida ante todo por el tipo de indumento de tallos y hojas, formado por tricomas largos y patentes -muy diferentes de los cortos y crespos que se presentan en el resto de las subespecies-, y que además recubre ambas caras foliares -en el resto de las subespecies los tricomas tan solo se encuentran en el margen foliar-. Como caracteres complementarios, se pueden destacar la disposición claramente refleja de las hojas y su aspecto ligeramente seríceo.

Produccion de frutos y semillas en Diplotaxis erucoides(L.) DC. sometida a diferentes tratamientos de polinizacion

En este trabajo se estudia el sistema reproductivo de Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae), una especie arvense ampliamente distribuida en los cultivos y los márgenes de caminos de la región mediterránea. Mediante polinizaciones manuales con polen procedente de la propia flor (autogamia), de flores del mismo individuo (geitonogamia) y de flores de individuos de otras poblaciones (alogamia) se analiza el efecto de los diferentes tratamientos de polinización sobre la producción de frutos y semillas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que Diplotaxis erucoides es una especie con capacidad para autopolinizarse. Hay diferencias significativas en la fertilidad y en el número de semillas por fruto entre los tratamientos que generan alogamia y los que originan autogamia. Dentro de los tratamientos con autogamia, la fertilidad disminuye progresivamente en el paso de geitonogamia a autogamia por autopolinización inducida y a autogamia por autopolinización espontánea.

Medidas de resistividade elétrica DC em sólidos: como efetuálas corretamente

This paper deals with the most common methods for determining the dc electrical resistivity in solid materials. A brief overview of the fundamental concepts related to the electrical resistivity on materials is introduced. Undoubtedly, the most common and useful procedure to determine the electrical resistivity (rho) is the fourpoint probe method. Some crucial mistakes regarding the experimental procedure and the appropriated correction factors are found in the literature. Thus, the correction factor for the most common sample geometries were gathered and revised in order to provide an easy way to use and apply them.

Dimensioning DC-voltage capacitor for a DC-distribution system and dynamic analysis

Technical analysis of Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) distribution systems shows that in LVDC transmission the customer voltage quality is higher. One of the problems in LVDC distribution networks that converters both ends of the DC line are required. Because of the converters produce not pure DC voltage, but some fluctuations as well, the huge electrolytic capacitors are required to reduce voltage distortions in the DC-side. This thesis master’s thesis is focused on calculating required DC-link capacitance for LVDC transmission and estimation of the influence of different parameters on the voltage quality. The goal is to investigate the methods of the DC-link capacitance estimation and location in the transmission line.

Estudo químico e perfil cromatográfico das cascas de Aspidosperma parvifolium A. DC. ("pau-pereira")

Four known alkaloids, uleine, epiuleine, apparicine and desmethyluleine, besides the isoprenoids lupeol and stigmasterol were isolated from the stem bark of Aspidosperma parvifolium. Their identification was based on spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS). The chromatographic profile of the ethanolic extract was obtained by HPLC and uleine, epiuleine and apparicine were identified in the extract.

Improving the efficiency of PV low-power processing circuits by selecting an optimal inductor current of the DC/DC converter

In the context of autonomous sensors powered by small-size photovoltaic (PV) panels, this work analyses how the efficiency of DC/DC-converter-based power processing circuits can be improved by an appropriate selection of the inductor current that transfers the energy from the PV panel to a storage unit. Each component of power losses (fixed, conduction and switching losses) involved in the DC/DC converter specifically depends on the average inductor current so that there is an optimal value of this current that causes minimal losses and, hence, maximum efficiency. Such an idea has been tested experimentally using two commercial DC/DC converters whose average inductor current is adjustable. Experimental results show that the efficiency can be improved up to 12% by selecting an optimal value of that current, which is around 300-350 mA for such DC/DC converters.

DC Boost Stage in Photovoltaic Systems

The performance of Grid connected Photovoltaic System working with DCBoost stage is investigated. The DC-Boost Converter topology is deduced from three phase half controlled bridge and controlled by Sliding Mode Control. Due to the fact that Grid connected Photovoltaic System includes Solar cells as a DC source and inverter for grid connection, those are under the scope of this research as well. The advantages of using MPPT are analyzed. The system is simulated in Matlab-Simulink™ environment.

Volatile compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. Growing in southeast coast of Brazil

Chemical composition of leaf volatiles of Rosmarinus officinalis and Baccharis dracunculifolia cultured in Southeast of Brazil has been characterized by GC/MS after simultaneous distillation-extraction. The main components in volatiles of these species showed in common α-pinene, myrcene, 1,8 cineole and camphor. Camphor was the major component among volatiles of B. dracunculifolia and R. officinalis with concentrations exceeding 25%. B. dracunculifolia volatiles possessed more sesquiterpenes (21.4%) than R. officinalis (16.7%), such as caryophyllene (1.9%) and α-humulene (0.4%). Lower concentrations of nerolidol and spathulenol were achieved in volatiles of B. dracunculifolia. Considering both species, there was a predominance of monoterpenes.

Constituintes químicos das folhas de Senna spectabilis (DC) Irwin & Barneby var. excelsa (Schrad.) Irwin & Barneby

From leaves of Senna spectabilis var. excelsa were isolated caffeine, the triterpenes lupeol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, cycloeucalenol, friedelin and ursolic, oleanolic and betulinic acids, besides the steroids sitosterol and stigmasterol and their respective glucosides. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis including two-dimensional NMR methods and comparison with published spectral data. This paper deals with the first report of these compounds in S. spectabilis var. excelsa.

Composição química e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial das folhas de Piper malacophyllum (C. Presl.) C. DC.

This work reports the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities of the leaf essential oil from Piper malacophyllum. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID, GC-MS and polarimetry. Among the 28 compounds identified, (+)-camphor was the major constituent. The essential oil showed activity against most of the microorganisms tested, especially antifungal action, with a MIC of 500 µg mL-1 against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Cryptococcus neoformans. This is the first study reporting the composition and biological properties of leaf essential oil from P. malacophyllum.

Actividad insecticida sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidóptera: Noctuidae) de los compuestos aislados de la parte aérea de Piper septuplinervium (Miq.) c. dc. y las inflorescencias de Piper subtomentosum Trel. & Yunck. (Piperaceae)

The bioassay-guided purification of ethanolic extracts from inflorescences of Piper subtomentosum Trel. & Yunck and aerial part of Piper septuplinervium (Miq. ) C. DC. led to isolation of five flavonoids, uvangoletin (1), galangin (2), chrysin (5), 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxy-flavone (6), pinostrobin (7); one amide, N-p-coumaroil-tyramine (4); one acylglycerol, monopalmitin (3); one derivative of acid, protocatechuic acid (8); and glycosydated sterol, daucosterol (9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopy and spectrometry data and by comparison with data reported in the literature. The isolated compounds were tested against Spodoptera frugiperda. The results showed galangin and protocatechuic acid to be the most active (LC 50 13.63 and 17.16 ppm, respectively).

Diskreettiaikainen liukuvan moodin säätö kiinteäoksidipolttokennon DC-tasonnostossa

Huoli ympäristön tilasta ja fossiilisten polttoaineiden hinnan nousu ovat vauhdittaneet tutkimusta uusien energialähteiden löytämiseksi. Polttokennot ovat yksi lupaavimmista tekniikoista etenkin hajautetun energiantuotannon, varavoimalaitosten sekä liikennevälineiden alueella. Polttokenno on tehonlähteenä kuitenkin hyvin epäideaalinen, ja se asettaa tehoelektroniikalle lukuisia erityisvaatimuksia. Polttokennon kytkeminen sähköverkkoon on tavallisesti toteutettu käyttämällä galvaanisesti erottavaa DC/DC hakkuria sekä vaihtosuuntaajaa sarjassa. Polttokennon kulumisen estämiseksi tehoelektroniikalta vaaditaan tarkkaa polttokennon lähtövirran hallintaa. Perinteisesti virran hallinta on toteutettu säätämällä hakkurin tulovirtaa PI (Proportional and Integral) tai PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) -säätimellä. Hakkurin epälineaarisuudesta johtuen tällainen ratkaisu ei välttämättä toimi kaukana linearisointipisteestä. Lisäksi perinteiset säätimet ovat herkkiä mallinnusvirheille. Tässä diplomityössä on esitetty polttokennon jännitettä nostavan hakkurin tilayhtälökeskiarvoistusmenetelmään perustuva malli, sekä malliin perustuva diskreettiaikainen integroiva liukuvan moodin säätö. Esitetty säätö on luonteeltaan epälineaarinen ja se soveltuu epälineaaristen ja heikosti tunnettujen järjestelmien säätämiseen.

Interação entre fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e fósforo no desenvolvimento da algaroba [Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC]

Acompanhou-se, durante 100 dias, o desenvolvimento de mudas de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC) em relação à presença ou ausência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA), nativos ou introduzidos, combinada com adição ou não de fósforo ao solo. Foi usado solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo com pH ácido (4,7) e 2 mg.dm-3 de solo de P extraível por resina. O experimento teve delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial com duas condições de solo (esterilizado ou não), três níveis de fósforo (acréscimo de 0, 50 e 100 kg de P.ha-1) e duas condições de inoculação (inoculado ou não), com quatro repetições. No solo não esterilizado, apenas o diâmetro do colo respondeu à inoculação com esporos de FMA, quando foi usada a dose P100; o aumento de altura, número de folhas e massa seca foi possivelmente devido à adição de fósforo ao solo. No solo esterilizado, a inoculação resultou no aumento de altura, número de folhas, diâmetro de colo e massa seca das mudas na presença ou na ausência de P (P0 e P50), em relação àquelas no solo não-inoculado. Com o aumento da dose de fósforo (P100), os benefícios da inoculação não foram mais verificados, sendo a colonização e a produção de esporos favorecidas pela adição de P ao solo. Prosopis juliflora foi considerada micotrófica facultativa, pois respondeu tanto à inoculação com FMA quanto à adição de fósforo.