香溪河大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态

通过大型底栖动物的量化监测,对香溪河水系大型底栖动物季节动态进行研究.共采集大型底栖动物197种,隶属6纲68科,其中,四节蜉、高翔蜉、短尾石蝇为该水系优势类群,不同季节间大型底栖动物优势类群组成存在较大差异.大型底栖动物群落结构以冬季最为复杂,春、秋季次之,夏季相对简单.大型底栖动物功能摄食类群以集食者占优,其次为刮食者、捕食者和滤食者,撕食者丰度最小.典型对应分析表明,不同季节影响底栖动物群落结构的因子差异较大;夏季和秋季营养盐对底栖动物群落结构影响较大,水深对各季度大型底栖动物群落结构均有影响.

中国鱼腥藻属的八个新记录种

目前,全世界共报道100多种鱼腥藻,中国只记录了40余种,而且一些种类的描述仍比较模糊。近期,在湖北、云南、广东、江西、安徽、江苏、上海、北京等地进行野外调查时,发现了多种鱼腥藻,其中有8种是中国尚未报道的新记录种,分别是:近亲鱼腥藻Anabaena affinis Lemmermann 1897、浮游鱼腥藻Anabaena planctonica Brunnthaler1903、凯氏鱼腥藻Anabaena kisseleviana Elenkin 1938、束丝鱼腥藻Anabaena aphanizom

快速生长导致转“全鱼”生长激素基因鲤鱼临界游泳速度的降低

进化生物学研究表明,快速生长赋予生物的优势与劣势之间存在权衡.硬骨鱼类的生长率与游泳能力之间也存在这种权衡.本研究提出假说认为,快速生长将导致转基因鱼游泳能力减弱.比较F3代转“全鱼”生长激素基因黄河鲤与其对照鱼的生长和临界游泳速度,表明转基因鱼的平均体重是对照鱼的1.4～1.9倍,平均特定生长率比对照鱼高出6%～10%,而其绝对临界游泳速度和相对临界游泳速度的平均值分别比对照鱼低22%和24%.本研究暗示,具有快速生长效应的转基因黄河鲤表现出低劣的游泳能力,这也证实了生长率和游泳能力之间存在权衡,即同一

我国首株噬藻体(蓝藻病毒)的分离与鉴定

分离得到一株裂解织线藻和席藻的噬藻体。对该噬藻体的研究发现:光照条件是感染所必需的,但不依赖于金属离子(如镁离子);裂解织线藻的周期(27℃条件下)为4h,其中潜伏期为3h,最后的1h为裂解期,病毒释放量约200 PFU/细胞,感染过程中,织线藻的放氧速率急剧下降,此外还发现:40℃下处理10min,噬藻体保持100％活性;50℃下处理1min,失活率小于25％;50℃下处理10min,失活率为40％;60℃下处理1min,失活率为85％;60℃下处理10min,失活率大于99％,在电子显微镜下可以观察到

Relationship between organic carbon concentration and potential pond bottom soil respiration

There was a positive correlation between the concentration of organic carbon and potential respiration as measured by carbon dioxide evolution (R-2 = 0.923) and oxygen consumption (R-2 = 0.986) in soil samples collected from the bottoms of drained ponds. This finding supports the frequent use of organic carbon analysis as an indicator of sediment respiration rate under optimal conditions in commercial aquaculture facilities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The research of phosphorus of Xiangxi River nearby the Three Gorges, China

The Xiangxi River is the first middling tributary of the Changjiang River near the Three Gorges Dam. The River is subject to phosphorus pollution mainly from industrial wastewater. As the water quality of the Xiangxi River could directly influence the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the research on phosphorus levels and its change in the sediment profile of the Xiangxi River could provide useful information in the dynamic changes in the system, thereby offering options for mitigative measures. Water and sediment samples from lower reaches of Xiangxi River were collected and the different forms of phosphorus in sediments of the Xiangxi River were studied. The concentrations of total phosphorus in sediment ranged from 757.67 to 1438.54 mg/kg. Inorganic phosphorus concentrations ranged from 684.63 to 1055.58 mg/kg. Phosphorus contamination was serious in some parts of the Xiangxi River. With an average concentration of 635.17 mg/kg, calcium-bound phosphorus is the main form among different inorganic phosphorus forms. Labile phosphorus and iron/aluminum-bound phosphorus measured 3.40, 0.05and 35.28 mg/kg, respectively. The mobilization potential of phosphorus of sediments was studied through adsorption and release experiments. The equilibrium concentration of phosphorus adsorption and release was around 0.1 mg/L. The initial concentrations of phosphorus in the overlying water and the sediments have obvious effect on phosphorus mobilization potential. In addition, the release rate of phosphorus in sediment increased with water depth.

Quantitative relationship between chromatographic retentions and molecular structures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)

A new approach to study the quantitative relationships between chromatographic retentions and molecular structures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) is described. The retention equations of PCDDs log k' = A + B/T in gas chromatography (GC) are used to evaluate the properties of the regression coefficients A and B, which have been widely accepted as highly reliable chromatographic retentions. The quantitative relationships between the A, B values and the molecular structures are found. The molecular descriptors given for the first time in this article are very effective. As a result, the regression equations are derived with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9995. The A, B values of PCDDs with no standards available have been predicted according to these relationships. They are very useful in chromatographic identification. The retention times of all PCDDs can be conveniently predicted at any temperature program. Compared with the data obtained from the relevant experiments, the results of prediction are very accurate. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low Temperature Deposited Nano-structured Vanadium Oxide Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared Detectors

A novel process of room temperature ion beam sputtering deposition of vanadium oxide films and low temperature post annealing for uncooled infrared detectors was proposed in this work. VOx thin films with relatively low square resistance (70 K Omega / square) and large temperature coefficient of resistance (more than 3%/K) at room temperature were fabricated using this low temperature process which was very compatible with the process of uncooled infrared detectors based on micromachined technology. Furthermore, chemical composition and film surface have been characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results showed that the main composition of the processed thin films was V2O5 and the thin films were in the process of crystallization.

漫反射塑料农膜的特点及应用

漫反射塑料农用薄膜简称漫反射膜，是一种新型设施园艺覆盖材料，阳光漫射透过率大于85%，红外辐射外透率低于8%，对中午阳光有遮挡作用，对散射辐射有增透能力，适于塑膜大棚和各种设施栽培种植用。我国研制的产品成本低，性能优手国外同类产品。由于使用范围不同，形成两种不同规格的产品，一种是以聚氯乙烯为基材，用压延法生产的软聚氯乙烯漫反射膜，厚度0.08—0.12毫米，主要用于塑膜大棚和长期性覆