980 resultados para Cryptic species


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Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

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Triatoma melanocephalae T. lentisão espécies crípticas de triatomíneos pertencentes ao subcomplexo Brasiliensis. Esses organismos foram agrupados no subcomplexo apenas por caracteres morfológicos e pela disposição geográfica. Sendo assim, estudos citogenéticos são considerados como importantes ferramentas na classificação dos triatomíneos e, com isso, podem auxiliar na criação de um plano de profilaxia da doença. Por meio da técnica citogenética de impregnação por íons prata, foi possível visualizar a atividade nucleolar e as Regiões Organizadoras Nucleolares (RONs) desses insetos. T. melanocephalaapresentou três RONs ativas nos autossomos durante a prófase I. T. lenti apresentou duas RONs ativas nos autossomos durante a prófase I e a metáfase I. Ambas as espécies apresentaram o fenômeno de persistência do material nucleolar encontrado em triatomíneos. Sendo assim, por meio da análise das RONs, foi possível observar que T. lenti, quando comparado com os outros organismos do subcomplexo, apresentou marcações semelhantes à T. tibiamaculata e que T. melanocephalanão apresenta nenhuma relação direta com o subcomplexo. Palavras-chave: Citogenética. Taxonomia. Triatominae. Subcomplexo Brasiliensis. ABSTRACT Analysis of nucleolus organizer regions and nucleolar activity in important vectors of Chagas disease (Triatoma melanocephala and T. lenti) Triatoma melanocephalaand T. lentiare important vectors of Chagas disease. These cryptic species of triatomines are grouped in the subcomplexbrasiliensisdue only to morphological characters and geographical distribution. Cytogenetic studies are important to the classification of insects and can assist in creating a disease prevention plan. The aim of the present study was to determine nucleolar activity and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in these insects using the cytogenetic method of silver ion impregnation. T. melanocephalaexhibited three active NORs in autosomes during prophase I. T. lentiexhibited two active NORs in autosomes during prophase I and metaphase I. Both species exhibit the persistent nucleolar material found in triatomines. The analysis of NORs in the present study revealed that T. lenti exhibited labeling similar to that found in T. tibiamaculata, which belongs to the subcomplex, whereas T. melanocephalashows no direct relationship with the subcomplex. Keywords: Cytogenetics. Taxonomy. Triatominae. Brasiliensissubcomplex.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

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Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

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We present a new approach to determine the number and composition of guilds, using the hyperdiverse leaf-litter ant fauna as a model, based on appropriate morphological variables and species co-occurrence null models to describe the complex assemblages of interacting Species Community structure at the 1-m(2) scale. We obtained 18 linear morphometric measures from 949 workers of 171 leaf-litter ant species (18762 measurements) surveyed in four Atlantic Forest localities to test whether the assemblages are morphologically structured; the morphological characters were selected to indicate diet and foraging habits. Principal components analysis was used to characterize the morphospace and to describe the guild structure (number of species and composition). The guild proportionality assembly rule (significant tendency toward constant proportion of species in guilds) was assessed at the 1-m(2) scale. Our analysis indicates that the division of leaf-litter ants into guilds is based mainly on microhabitat distribution in the leaf-litter, body size and shape, eye size, and phylogeny. The same guild scheme applied to four more sites shows that different Atlantic Forest areas have the same leaf-fitter ant guilds. The guild proportionality assembly rule was confirmed for most guilds, Suggesting that there are guild-specific limitations on species coexistence within assemblages; on the other hand, in a few cases the variance in guild proportion was greater than expected under the null assumptions. Other studies on ant functional group classification are partially supported by our quantitative morphological analysis. Our results, however, imply that there are more compartments than indicated in previous models, particularly among cryptic species (confined to soil and litter) and tropical climate specialists. We argue that a general null model for the analysis of species association based oil morphology can reveal objectively defined groups and may thus contribute to a robust theory to explain community structure in general and have important consequences on studies of litter ant community ecology in particular.