A fossil egg from South Dakota / by Oliver Cummings Farrington.

v.1:no.5(1899)

Type fossil Coelenterata (except corals) in Field Museum of Natural History / Gerald Glenn Forney --, Matthew H. Nitecki --, and Daniel T. Jenkins --.

v.37:no.4(1977)

The carapace and plastron of Basilemys sinuosus, a new fossil tortoise from the Laramie beds of Montana / By Elmer S. Riggs -- ; Oliver Cummings Farrington --

v.2:no.7(1906)

A fossil turtle from Peru / by Karl P. Schmidt -- ; Oliver Cummings Farrington -- editor.

v.4:no.8(1931)

Catalogue of type and referred specimens of fossil corals in Field Museum of Natural History / [by] Phyllis N. Windle --, Ronald M. Augustynek -- [and] Matthew H. Nitecki --. [Patricia M. Williams, -- editor --]

v.32(1973)

The intramandibular joint in squamates, and the phylogenetic relationships of the fossil snake Pachyrhachis problematicus Haas / Olivier Rieppel --, Hussam Zaher --.

n.s. no.43(2000)

Dial behavioral responses of Metamysidopsis elongata atlantica (Crustacea, Mysida) to gradients of salinity and temperature

Metamysidopsis atlantica elongata (Bascescu, 1968) is a common mysid in the surf zone of sandy beaches from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where it is frequently recorded forming dense aggregations. Trough laboratory trials, behavioral responses to salinity (10, 20, 25, 28, 30, 40 e 45), temperature (10, 15, 20, 30±1ºC) and light (yes/no) were tested using adult males, adult females and juveniles. Although there was no response to temperature, the species showed clear response to salinity and light. In the presence of light, organisms remained in the bottom of the aquaria, but moved to surface when bottom salinities were increased. In the absence of light, adults moved to the surface. However, juveniles moved down to or remained on the bottom, maybe as a response to avoid adult predation.

Maturidade sexual morfológica de Aegla platensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura) no Lajeado Bonito, norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

O tamanho da primeira maturação sexual (TPM) em Aegla platensis Schmitt, 1942 foi estimado através das mudanças nas proporções de dimensões corporais dos animais. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas mensais, de julho de 2007 a junho de 2008 no Lajeado Bonito (27º25'27''S, 53º24'39''W), um tributário de primeira ordem do Rio da Várzea, município de Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados 437 machos com comprimento de cefalotórax (CC) variando de 6,00 mm a 31,75 mm e 368 fêmeas, com tamanhos entre 6,08 mm e 27,92 mm de CC. As seguintes dimensões corporais foram mensuradas em todos os indivíduos coletados: comprimento do cefalotórax (CC), largura do abdome (LA), comprimento do própodo do quelípodo direito (CPD) e comprimento do própodo do quelípodo esquerdo (CPE). Após o registro dessas medidas, os animais foram devolvidos ao mesmo local de captura. As análises de maturidade sexual morfológica foram realizadas com auxílio do software Mature 2, nas quais foram utilizadas as medidas de CC, considerada como variável independente e relacionada com as demais dimensões. As relações que melhor se ajustaram para estas análises, em machos, foram CPD x CC (TPM: CC=18,2 mm) e CPE x CC (TPM: CC=20,1 mm) e LA x CC (TPM: CC=16,5 mm) nas fêmeas.

Determinação da maturidade sexual de Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ucididae) em duas áreas de manguezal do litoral sul de Pernambuco, Brasil

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar o tamanho da maturidade morfológica e fisiológica de machos e fêmeas em duas populações de Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) de Tamandaré, Pernambuco, Brasil. Os caranguejos foram coletados mensalmente (abril/2008 a março/2009) nos manguezais dos rios Ariquindá e Mamucabas, por um catador, através da técnica de braceamento, durante a maré baixa em três áreas distintas de 25 m² cada. Os caranguejos capturados foram separados por sexo e medidos (largura da carapaça, comprimento do própodo do quelípodo dos machos e largura do 5º somito abdominal das fêmeas). Além disso, os caranguejos foram caracterizados em relação ao estágio de desenvolvimento gonadal. Os caranguejos com gônadas imaturas e rudimentares foram considerados jovens, enquanto os demais foram classificados como adultos (gônada em desenvolvimento, desenvolvida, avançada ou esgotada). O tamanho da largura da carapaça no qual 50% da população de U. cordatus foi considerada madura morfologicamente foi de 38,0 mm (machos) e 35,4 mm (fêmeas) em Ariquindá, enquanto para Mamucabas estes valores foram de 37,3 e 32,9 mm, respectivamente. Na determinação da maturidade sexual fisiológica, os machos e fêmeas de Ariquindá foram considerados maduros com 38,5 e 37,8 mm, respectivamente, enquanto em Mamucabas os tamanhos obtidos foram de 36,2 e 35,8 mm. A maturidade morfológica dos machos ocorreu com tamanho superior ao das fêmeas, provavelmente devido ao seu maior investimento em crescimento somático, enquanto as fêmeas investem mais no processo reprodutivo. Os caranguejos provenientes do manguezal de Mamucabas atingiram a maturidade sexual com tamanhos inferiores aos de Ariquindá, provavelmente devido ao maior impacto verificado para este manguezal.

Effect of temperature on the survival and growth of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium borellii and Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)

During the two-month rearing period, the effect of four water temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C) on survival rate, number of molts, and growth rate (molt increment and intermolt period) of juvenile Macrobrachium borellii Nobili, 1896 and Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili, 1901 prawns was evaluated in laboratory conditions. The two species showed some similarities in their both survival and growth pattern at different temperatures. The survival rate was highest at 20°C and 25°C, decreasing at the lowest temperature. The number of molts increased at higher temperatures, ranging the intermolt period from 22.2 days to 9.9 days, for M. borellii, and from 20.8 to 9.5 days for P. argentinus, corresponding those values to 15°C and 30°C, respectively. No difference between species was noted in the intermolt period. The size increment by molting increased significantly from 15°C to 25°C, whereas a reduction in the growth of prawns was observed at 30°C. Significant differences among temperatures were found in the slope of regressions between the size increment by molting and the cephalothorax length. M. borellii showed a significantly higher tolerance to elevated temperature and a faster growth (about twice at 25°C) than P. argentinus. These differences could provide M. borellii a competitive advantage for a better adaptation to the dynamic of freshwater environment, especially in areas with anthropogenic impact.

Width-weight relationship and condition factor of Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ucididae) at tropical mangroves of Northeast Brazil

The present contribution aims at evaluating the carapace width vs. humid weight relationship and the condition factor of Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), in the mangrove forests of the Ariquindá and Mamucabas rivers, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. These two close areas present similar characteristics of vegetation and substrate, but exhibit different degrees of environmental conservation: the Ariquindá River is the preserved area, considered one of the last non-polluted of Pernambuco, while the Mamucabas River suffers impacts from damming, deforestation and deposition of waste. A total of 1,298 individuals of U. cordatus were collected. Males were larger and heavier than females, what is commonly observed in Brachyura. Ucides cordatus showed allometric negative growth (p < 0.05), which is probably related to the dilatation that this species develops in the lateral of the carapace, which stores six pairs of gills. The values of b were within the limit established for aquatic organisms. Despite of the condition factor being considered an important feature to confirm the reproductive period, since it varies with cyclic activities, in the present study it was not correlated to the abundance of ovigerous females. However, it was considered a good parameter to evaluate environmental impacts, being significantly lower at the impacted area.

Condition factor of Goniopsis cruentata (Crustacea, Brachyura, Grapsidae) from Mundaú/Manguaba estuarine complex, Alagoas, Brazil

The condition factor is a parameter which acts as a general indicator of the "well-being" of a species, and it can be obtained through the analysis of width vs. weight relationships. The present work aims to investigate size vs. weight relationship and the condition factor of the crab Goniopsis cruentata (Latreille, 1803). The study area was the Mundaú/Manguaba estuarine complex, Maceió, state of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. Samplings were monthly accomplished from August 2007 to July 2008. A total of 626 individuals were analyzed, being 309 males and 317 females. Males were larger and heavier than females, what is expected in many brachyuran. The growth was positive allometric to both males (b = 3.42) and females (b = 3.30), not obeying the "cube law". The condition factor of female was higher than that of male crabs, probably due to the gonad weight of females. It also varied seasonally for both sexes, being higher in the autumn and winter in males, and in the autumn and spring in females, and related to the molt and period of spawning intensification.

Morphometric differences in two calanoid sibling species, Boeckella gracilipes and B. titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda)

Calanoid copepods are abundant in South American inland waters and include widespread species, such as Boeckella gracilipes (Daday, 1902), which occurs from the Ecuador to Tierra del Fuego Island. This species occurs under various environmental conditions, and is found in oligotrophic lakes in Patagonia (39-54°S) and in shallow mountain lakes north of 39°S. The aim of the present study is to conduct a morphometric comparison of male specimens of B. titicacae collected in Titicaca and B. gracilipes collected in Riñihue lakes, with a third population of B. gracilipes collected in shallow ponds in Salar de Surire. Titicaca and Riñihue lakes are stable environments, whereas Salar de Surire is an extreme environment. These ponds present an extreme environment due to high exposure to solar radiation and high salinity levels. The results of the study revealed differences among the three populations. These results agree well with systematic descriptions in the literature on differences between the populations of Titicaca and Riñihue lakes, and population of Salar de Surire differs slightly from the other two populations. It is probable that the differences between the population of Salar de Surire and the other two populations result from the extreme environment in Salar de Surire. High exposure to solar radiation, high salinity and extreme variations in temperature enhance genetic variations that are consequently expressed in morphology.

Relative growth and sexual maturity of the freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) in northeastern of Brazil (Canavieiras, Bahia)

This study comprises the description of relative growth and sexual maturity of a population of Palaemon pandaliformis Stimpson, 1871 in Salsa River (Northeastern Brazil). Samples were collected monthly between September 2009 and August 2010. Females were larger, heavier, and showed a greater allometric coefficient (b) than male specimens. Only carapace length vs. pleura length in females presented a significant difference in the relative growth pattern, indicating a puberty moult. This relationship is strictly correlated to reproduction and its success rate in female shrimps. Estimated carapace length in 50% of mature females (CL50) was 4.53 mm. It was not possible to compare obtained CL50 results due to a lack of studies on this species. Comparison was based on the size of the smallest captured ovigerous female (3.81 CL mm), which is within the scope of recorded size for estuaries located in higher latitudes. This study reveals the lack of research on this genre in freshwater environments on a national and global scale.

Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Archipelago of São Pedro and São Paulo, Equatorial Atlantic, with emphasis on a new Hemicytheridae genus

The present study is a further contribution to the systematic knowledge of the shallow water marine ostracodes from the Brazilian oceanic islands. A total of 14 species belonging to 10 genera and eight families is herein identified. One new genus and species are described and illustrated: Berguecythere insularis gen. nov., sp. nov. In addition to this new taxon, the abundant species Loxocorniculum tricornatum Krutak, 1971, widely distributed in recent sediments in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, north and northeast of Brazil and the Rocas Atoll, along with the cosmopolitan tropical ostracode Triebelina sertata Triebel, 1948, were also identified at specific level. The remaining 11 species were left at the genus level, and should provide new species. Ecological, zoo- and paleozoogeographical aspects were also briefly discussed.