De la religión, considérée dans sa source, ses formes et ses developpements

UANL

Memoires de constant, premier valet de chambre de L'empereursur la vie priveé de Napoleón, sa famille et sa cour.

UANL

Curso de política constitucional

UANL

Curso de política constitucional

UANL

Productivity and Market Integration in American Communal Dairying, 1830-1875

In our late twentieth century experience, survival of an economy seems critically dependent on well established rights to private property and a return to labor that rewards greater effort. But that need not be so. History provides examples of micro-socialist economies that internally, at least, allow for little private property for participants and a constant return to labor that is independent of effort. Some such economies may even be termed 'successful,' if success is taken to mean survival over several generations. If these communities survived without conditions that are generally thought to be necessary for success, a question worth asking is how this occurred, for we can then shed some light on what really is necessary for economic survival. Addressing this issue emphasizes the critical role of time, for even if the microsocialist economies that we study here eventually became the merest shadow of their former selves, the fact that they did flourish for so long makes them a valuable counterexample, and hence, a phenomenon in need of explanation. We consider here the dairy industry of the Shakers, which was characterized by intensive efforts to increase productivity, in part through the use of market signals, but efforts that were also limited by the ideological goals of the community. The Shakers were (and are, but since it is the historical Shakers that concern this paper, the past tense will be used) a Christian communal group. Some of their distinctive beliefs included the existence of a male and female Godhead, from which followed sexual equality, and active communication between Believers (a Shaker term for members of the sect) and denizens of the spirit world. Practices of the Society (their official name is the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, the second appearing being in the body of their foundress, an illiterate Englishwoman named Ann Lee) included pacifism, celibacy, confession of sins to elders, and joint or communal ownership of the Society's assets. Each Shaker received the same return for his or her labor: room, board, clothing, and the experience of divine proximity in a community of like minded Believers (Stein 1992).

Del campo a las tabladas : El comercio de vacunos en Buenos Aires, 1830-1840. Estructura y dinámica del sistema

Este trabajo analiza el sistema de comercialización del ganado introducido en Buenos Aires para consumo de la ciudad y para los saladeros durante las décadas de 1830 y 1840, a partir del estudio de las normativas y soportes de infraestructura que posibilitaron un flujo constante y regular de transacciones desde la producción al punto de consumo. Se identifican las principales regiones de procedencia de los vacunos, la organización, y evolución de los mercados hasta su destino final. Se coloca también el acento en los principales actores que intervienen en dicho circuito como vendedores, conductores y compradores de las reses.

Del campo a las tabladas : El comercio de vacunos en Buenos Aires, 1830-1840. Estructura y dinámica del sistema

Este trabajo analiza el sistema de comercialización del ganado introducido en Buenos Aires para consumo de la ciudad y para los saladeros durante las décadas de 1830 y 1840, a partir del estudio de las normativas y soportes de infraestructura que posibilitaron un flujo constante y regular de transacciones desde la producción al punto de consumo. Se identifican las principales regiones de procedencia de los vacunos, la organización, y evolución de los mercados hasta su destino final. Se coloca también el acento en los principales actores que intervienen en dicho circuito como vendedores, conductores y compradores de las reses.

Del campo a las tabladas : El comercio de vacunos en Buenos Aires, 1830-1840. Estructura y dinámica del sistema

Este trabajo analiza el sistema de comercialización del ganado introducido en Buenos Aires para consumo de la ciudad y para los saladeros durante las décadas de 1830 y 1840, a partir del estudio de las normativas y soportes de infraestructura que posibilitaron un flujo constante y regular de transacciones desde la producción al punto de consumo. Se identifican las principales regiones de procedencia de los vacunos, la organización, y evolución de los mercados hasta su destino final. Se coloca también el acento en los principales actores que intervienen en dicho circuito como vendedores, conductores y compradores de las reses.

Student notebook of James Blake on Hebrew grammar, 1767

A small paper notebook containing eight-pages of English notes on Hebrew grammar and Hebrew script written by Harvard undergraduate James Blake in 1767. The title of the first page, "Of Nouns," is annotated with the note, "Benj'm Wadsworth, 1767" and the recto of the back cover contains a personal note to "Rev'd Mr. Wadsworth" signed "J. B.," presumably referring to Benjamin Wadsworth (1750-1826; Harvard AB 1769).

Student lecture notes of Benjamin Peirce, 1797-1798

This collection contains approximately twenty-three handwritten lecture summaries on six leaves made by Harvard undergraduate Benjamin Peirce between September 1797 and November 22, 1798. The summaries generally provide a few sentences describing the topic covered and primarily pertain to lectures on English grammar delivered by Eliphalet Pearson, the Hollis Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages. There are also summaries for single lectures by David Tappan, the Hollis Professor Divinity; Samuel Webber, the Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; and John Snelling Popkin, the Greek Tutor from 1795 to 1798, and later the Eliot Professor of Greek Literature. There is also an undated summary of a lecture by Benjamin Waterhouse, the Hersey Professor of Theory and Practice of Physic.

Letters from Benjamin Vaughan,

Six letters in which Vaughan writes about prominent scientists, artists, and musicians, such as violinist Louis Ostinelli and engraver Jacob Perkins. Other topics include social interactions with Tudor’s sisters Delia Tudor Stewart and Emma Tudor Gardiner, and Emma’s husband, Robert Hallowell Gardiner.

Letter from Benjamin Welles to William Tudor,

One letter offering information and sources on the judge and poet Benjamin Pratt, including an article in the May 1810 Monthly Anthology and Boston Review.

Letters from Benjamin Welles to John Henry Tudor, 1799-1801

Benjamin Welles wrote these six letters to his friend and classmate, John Henry Tudor, between 1799 and 1801. Four of the letters are dated, and the dates of the other two can be deduced from their contents. Welles wrote Tudor four times in September 1799, at the onset of their senior year at Harvard, in an attempt to clear up hurt feelings and false rumors that he believed had caused a chill in their friendship. The cause of the rift is never fully explained, though Welles alludes to "a viper" and "villainous hypocrite" who apparently spread rumors and fueled discord between the two friends. In one letter, Welles asserts that "College is a rascal's Elysium - or the feeling man's hell." In another he writes: "College, Tudor, is a furnace to the phlegmatic, & a Greenland to thee feeling man; it has an atmosphere which breathes contagion to the soul [...] Villains fatten here. College is the embryo of hell." Whatever their discord, the wounds were apparently eventually healed; in a letter written June 26, 1800, Welles writes to ask Tudor about his impending speech at Commencement exercises. In an October 29, 1801 letter, Welles writes to Tudor in Philadelphia (where he appears to have traveled in attempts to recover his failing health) and expresses strong wishes for his friend's recovery and return to Boston. This letter also contains news of their classmate Washington Allston's meeting with painters Henry Fuseli and Benjamin West.

Prospectus of the Rev. Mr. Peers' school, to be known hereafter by the name of the Eclectic institute, and conducted by Rev. Benjamin O. Peers, Mr. H. Hulbert Eaton and Mr. Henry A. Griswold.

Mode of access: Internet.