Multicentre randomised control trial comparing real time teledermatology with conventional outpatient dermatological care:societal cost-benefit analysis

Comparison of real time teledermatology with outpatient dermatology in terms of clinical outcomes, cost-benefits, and patient reattendance.

Human resource management practices in the multinational company: A test of system, societal, and dominance effects

Does the use of HRM practices by multinational companies (MNCs) reflect their national origins or are practices similar regardless of context? To the extent that practices are similar, is there any evidence of global best standards? The authors use the system, societal, and dominance framework to address these questions through analysis of 1,100 MNC subsidiaries in Canada, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. They argue that this framework offers a richer account than alternatives such as varieties of capitalism. The study moves beyond previous research by differentiating between system effects at the global level and dominance effects arising from the diffusion of practices from a dominant economy. It shows that both effects are present, as are some differences at the societal level. Results suggest that MNCs configure their HRM practices in response to all three forces rather than to some uniform global best practices or to their national institutional contexts.

Ecological and societal benefits of jellyfish blooms

Jellyfish are often considered as stressors on marine ecosystems or as indicators of highly perturbed systems. Far less attention is given to the potential of such species to provide beneficial ecosystem services in their own right. In an attempt to redress this imbalance we take the liberty of portraying jellyfish in a positive light and suggest that the story is not entirely one of doom and gloom. More specifically, we outline how gelatinous marine species contribute to the four categories of ecosystem services (regulating, supporting, provisioning and cultural) defined by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. This discussion ranges from the role of jellyfish in carbon capture and advection to the deep ocean through to the creation of micro habitat for developing fishes and the advancement of citizen science programmes. Attention is paid also to incorporation of gelatinous species into fisheries or ecosystem level models and the mechanisms by which we can improve the transfer of information between jellyfish researchers and the wider non-specialist community.

The role of societal norms in portion size related behaviour in Denmark and on the Island of Ireland

Purpose:
Social norms influence eating behavior, but little is known about their role in portion size-related behavior. This study
explored the role of social eating norms in Denmark (DK) and the Island of Ireland (IOI) in relation to portion size-related
behavior.

Methods:
In a survey DK (n=1063) and IOI (n=1012) respondents rated social eating norms (11 items) and portion size-related behavior
(3 items) on a 7-point scale (1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree). The 3 items relate to: 1) anticipating how
much will be eaten at the beginning of a meal, 2) clearing the plate, and 3) clearing the plate even when full. Sociodemographics
and eating attitudes (e.g. cognitive restraint) were measured as background variables

Results:
Two social eating factors were identified: The ‘limit intake’ norm (6 items) and the ‘plate cleaning’ norm (3 items). The
DK participants reported stronger ‘limit intake’ norms and weaker ‘plate cleaning’ norms than IOI. In both countries
females reported stronger ‘limit intake’ norms while males reported stronger ‘plate cleaning’ norms. In DK, age was
positively correlated with both social eating norm factors. The ‘limit intake’ norm had stronger association with anticipating
how much will be eaten at the beginning of a meal, but the ‘plate cleaning’ norm had stronger association with
clearing the plate. Only the ‘plate cleaning’ norm was associated with clearing the plate even when full.

Conclusions:
The social eating norms vary significantly between countries and genders. The ‘limit intake’ and ‘plate cleaning’ norms
play a role in consumers’ reported portion size-related behavior.

Sistema de ensino, transição societal e práticas educativas estratégicas dos actores sociais: o caso dos alunos de fracos recursos socioeconómicos de Luanda (Angola)

Este trabalho, centralizado nos subsistemas dos ensinos secundário e superior, examina as práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos detentores de fracos recursos socioeconómicos em Luanda (Angola), no período pós-colonial, em articulação com um conjunto de elementos que constituem as condições de escolarização. A análise destas práticas efectua-se num quadro de referências teóricas inter-relacionadas. Uma abordagem teórica inicial integra (i) os processos de transição (económica e sociopolítica) e de construção de Estado, e (ii) a educação, a análise estratégica e as representações sociais. Outras referências teóricas, incluindo desigualdades sociais e educativas, relação escola-família, projectos e expectativas escolares e sociais, decisão escolar, investimento em educação escolar, são mobilizadas no desenrolar da investigação. Esta fundamentação teórica, de carácter sociológico e focada na perspectiva da sociologia da educação, permite revelar os constrangimentos que condicionam a escolarização dos alunos e a sua qualidade de actores sociais, detentores de capacidades de leitura crítica da realidade escolar, de projecção e antecipação do futuro, e de decisão e acção. A metodologia seguida combina diversos métodos e técnicas. As pesquisas de terreno concretizam-se através da análise de documentos pertinentes (documentos oficiais, bibliografia de carácter monográfico sobre Angola, bibliografia crítica sobre a problemática em estudo) e de dados dos inquéritos por questionários e por entrevistas não-dirigidas (individuais e de grupo) administrados a alunos e, no caso destes últimos, também a técnicos do Ministério da Educação, professores e famílias. Os resultados permitem argumentar que as práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos detentores de fracos recursos socioeconómicos se explicam por factores que constituem as condições de escolarização, elas próprias influenciadas pela forte valorização que os mesmos alunos fazem da educação escolar. Mais especificamente, as condições de escolarização constrangedoras (constrangimentos das realidades económicas, sociopolíticas e educativas do país; debilidades das condições socioeconómicas dos alunos e dificuldades que marcam os seus percursos escolares; representações pouco positivas das suas escolas e das interacções escola-família), a par daquelas outras facilitadoras (ambiciosos projectos/expectativas escolares e profissionais dos alunos), influenciadas pela forte valorização da educação escolar, motivam e promovem decisões e acções de alunos que visam melhorar os seus processos de escolarização e as suas perspectivas profissionais. Os alunos emergem enquanto actores relativamente autónomos e criativos, capazes de cálculo, manipulação e adaptação aos contextos adversos. Este estudo fornece um modelo explicativo que melhora a compreensão das práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos (angolanos) de fracos recursos socioeconómicos, das suas condições de escolarização, e das suas capacidades de influenciarem e transformarem as realidades socioeconómicas, políticas e educativas em que se inserem; identifica um elemento decisivo de resiliência dos alunos aos constrangimentos e desafios que enfrentam no campo do ensino: o forte investimento na educação escolar, traduzido em práticas educativas estratégicas; aponta outras orientações de pesquisas passíveis de melhorar o conhecimento das realidades socioeducativas angolanas, incluindo práticas educativas de outros actores educativos, como famílias e professores.

La comunidad fitoplanctónica en el área de Tambo de Mora a Paita, agosto - setiembre 1995

El estudio se hizo durante el Crucero de Evaluación de la Biomasa Desovante de Anchoveta y Sardina BIC Humboldt 9508-09. Los volúmenes de plancton superficial para agosto-setiembre de 1995 fluctuaron entre 0,1 y 4,6 mL/m3. Las mayores concentraciones en biomasa, fueron localizadas dentro de las 30 mn, con un predominio del fitoplancton en el 50% de las estaciones. Las especies que tipificaron este ambiente, dentro de las 30 mn, correspondieron a diatomeas de alta tasa de reproducción, que constituyen la dieta de los peces fitoplanctófagos, composición que se vio alterada por la presencia de especies oceánicas, hasta muy cerca de la costa, principalmente entre Huarmey y Pucusana. A 10 m de profundidad se identificó un total de 70 especies de fitoplancton: 47 diatomeas, 15 dinoflagelados, 3 cocolitofóridos , 3 fitoflagelados y 2 silicoflagelados. Las diatomeas y el nanoplancton fueron los grupos taxonómicos más importantes, hasta con el 90% de dominancia. Los dinoflagelados y silicoflagelados fueron poco numerosos. Las mayores concentraciones celulares promedio (20.000 cel/50 mL) se encontraron cerca de la costa, con máximos de hasta 60.000 cel/50 mL en la región norte. El dinoflagelado Protoperidinium obtusun indicador de aguas costeras frías (ACF), estuvo restringido a la franja costera, ampliando su distribución hasta por fuera de las 30 mn entre Salaverry y Punta Falsa.

Comunidad bentónica del chanque Concholepas concholepas en el litoral de Tacna, Perú. 2007

El estudio se realizó en octubre 2007, en el banco natural Meca-Las Lozas al norte de la Región Tacna. La longitud peristomal de C. concholepas varió de 27 a 109 mm, promedio 53,96 mm y moda principal 54 mm; 98,8% de los ejemplares menores a la talla comercial; proporción sexual de 1,0♂♂:1,1♀♀; IGS de 1,53%. Población estimada en 4.821.922 individuos; con densidad media de 4 ind/m2. Biomasa total estimada en 254,1 t, biomasa media de 0,218 kg/m². La macrofauna bentónica de invertebrados asociados al chanque incluyó 69 taxa de 11 phyla. La diversidad varió entre 1,78 y 2,58 bits/ind., el índice de predominio varió entre 0,54 a 0,78.

Housewife or working mum--each to her own? The relevance of societal factors in the association between social roles and alcohol use among mothers in 16 industrialized countries.

Aims To investigate whether differences in gender-income equity at country level explain national differences in the links between alcohol use, and the combination of motherhood and paid labour. Design Cross-sectional data in 16 established market economies participating in the Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study (GenACIS) study. Setting Population surveys. Participants A total of 12 454 mothers (aged 25-49 years). Measurements Alcohol use was assessed as the quantity per drinking day. Paid labour, having a partner, gender-income ratio at country level and the interaction between individual and country characteristics were regressed on alcohol consumed per drinking day using multi-level modelling. Findings Mothers with a partner who were in paid labour reported consuming more alcohol on drinking days than partnered housewives. In countries with high gender-income equity, mothers with a partner who were in paid labour drank less alcohol per occasion, while alcohol use was higher among working partnered mothers living in countries with lower income equity. Conclusion In countries which facilitate working mothers, daily alcohol use decreases as female social roles increase; in contrast, in countries where there are fewer incentives for mothers to remain in work, the protective effect of being a working mother (with partner) on alcohol use is weaker. These data suggest that a country's investment in measures to improve the compatibility of motherhood and paid labour may reduce women's alcohol use.

Tackling Societal Challenges Related to Ageing and Transport Transition: An Introduction to Philosophical Principles of Causation Adapted to the Biopsychosocial Model

In geriatrics, driving cessation is addressed within the biopsychosocial model. This has broadened the scope of practitioners, not only in terms of assessing fitness to drive, but also by helping to maintain social engagements and provide support for transport transition. Causes can be addressed at different levels by adapting medication, improving physical health, modifying behaviour, adapting lifestyle, or bringing changes to the environment. This transdisciplinary approach requires an understanding of how different disciplines are linked to each other. This article reviews the philosophical principles of causality between fields and provides a framework for understanding causality within the biopsychosocial model. Understanding interlevel constraints should help practitioners overcome their differences, and favor transversal approaches to driving cessation.

Identificación de factores de riesgo para crisis familiar en una comunidad sub-urbana

Tesis (Maestría en Enfermería, con Especialidad en Salud Comunitaria) UANL