Subtelomeric deletion of chromosome 10p15.3: clinical findings and molecular cytogenetic characterization.

We describe 19 unrelated individuals with submicroscopic deletions involving 10p15.3 characterized by chromosomal microarray (CMA). Interestingly, to our knowledge, only two individuals with isolated, submicroscopic 10p15.3 deletion have been reported to date; however, only limited clinical information is available for these probands and the deleted region has not been molecularly mapped. Comprehensive clinical history was obtained for 12 of the 19 individuals described in this study. Common features among these 12 individuals include: cognitive/behavioral/developmental differences (11/11), speech delay/language disorder (10/10), motor delay (10/10), craniofacial dysmorphism (9/12), hypotonia (7/11), brain anomalies (4/6) and seizures (3/7). Parental studies were performed for nine of the 19 individuals; the 10p15.3 deletion was de novo in seven of the probands, not maternally inherited in one proband and inherited from an apparently affected mother in one proband. Molecular mapping of the 19 individuals reported in this study has identified two genes, ZMYND11 (OMIM 608668) and DIP2C (OMIM 611380; UCSC Genome Browser), mapping within 10p15.3 which are most commonly deleted. Although no single gene has been identified which is deleted in all 19 individuals studied, the deleted region in all but one individual includes ZMYND11 and the deleted region in all but one other individual includes DIP2C. There is not a clearly identifiable phenotypic difference between these two individuals and the size of the deleted region does not generally predict clinical features. Little is currently known about these genes complicating a direct genotype/phenotype correlation at this time. These data however, suggest that ZMYND11 and/or DIP2C haploinsufficiency contributes to the clinical features associated with 10p15 deletions in probands described in this study.

Translating molecular advances in fragile X syndrome into therapy: a review.

Fragile X syndrome is an inherited disease with cognitive, behavioral, and neurologic manifestations, resulting from a single genetic mutation. A variety of treatments that target individual symptoms of fragile X syndrome are currently utilized with limited efficacy. Research in animal models has resulted in the development of potential novel pharmacologic treatments that target the underlying molecular defect in fragile X syndrome, rather than the resultant symptoms. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome and summarizes the ongoing clinical research programs.

Between manualized treatments and principle-guided psychotherapy: illustration in the case of Caroline

My case study of "Caroline"-a 26 year old presenting with depression, PTSD symptoms, and a history of sexual abuse as a teenager-represents a "third way" between (1) a strict adherence to a manualized treatment, and (2) a principle-guided therapy, in which the therapy follows particular theoretical concepts, but depends on the therapist's clinical judgement to flexibly apply them to the individual case. Specifically, in my therapy with Caroline (Kramer, 2009), I employed Foa and Rothbaum's (1998) cognitive-behavioral, "Prolonged Exposure" (PE) manual for PTSD, but deviated from it in certain ways based upon my evaluation of Caroline's individualized goals and reactions using Grawe and Caspar's "Plan Analysis," which is a cross-theoretical model for assessment and treatment planning. In their commentaries on my case study of Caroline, Caspar (2009) and Haldimann-Balli (see Appendix in Kramer, 2009) support my use of this third way. On the other hand, the other commentators-Muller (2009) and Hembree and Brinen (2009)-critique my handling of the case, arguing that strict adherence to the Foa and Rothbaum manual would have resulted in a more cost-effective therapy. In this article, I respond to the important issues raised by the four commentators.

Efficacy of a dilemma-focused intervention for unipolar depression: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Background Depression is one of the more severe and serious health problems because of its morbidity, disabling effects and for its societal and economic burden. Despite the variety of existing pharmacological and psychological treatments, most of the cases evolve with only partial remission, relapse and recurrence. Cognitive models have contributed significantly to the understanding of unipolar depression and its psychological treatment. However, success is only partial and many authors affirm the need to improve those models and also the treatment programs derived from them. One of the issues that requires further elaboration is the difficulty these patients experience in responding to treatment and in maintaining therapeutic gains across time without relapse or recurrence. Our research group has been working on the notion of cognitive conflict viewed as personal dilemmas according to personal construct theory. We use a novel method for identifying those conflicts using the repertory grid technique (RGT). Preliminary results with depressive patients show that about 90% of them have one or more of those conflicts. This fact might explain the blockage and the difficult progress of these patients, especially the more severe and/or chronic. These results justify the need for specific interventions focused on the resolution of these internal conflicts. This study aims to empirically test the hypothesis that an intervention focused on the dilemma(s) specifically detected for each patient will enhance the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. Design A therapy manual for a dilemma-focused intervention will be tested using a randomized clinical trial by comparing the outcome of two treatment conditions: combined group CBT (eight, 2-hour weekly sessions) plus individual dilemma-focused therapy (eight, 1-hour weekly sessions) and CBT alone (eight, 2-hour group weekly sessions plus eight, 1-hour individual weekly sessions). Method Participants are patients aged over 18 years meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder, with a score of 19 or above on the Beck depression inventory, second edition (BDI-II) and presenting at least one cognitive conflict (implicative dilemma or dilemmatic construct) as assessed using the RGT. The BDI-II is the primary outcome measure, collected at baseline, at the end of therapy, and at 3- and 12-month follow-up; other secondary measures are also used. Discussion We expect that adding a dilemma-focused intervention to CBT will increase the efficacy of one of the more prestigious therapies for depression, thus resulting in a significant contribution to the psychological treatment of depression. Trial registration ISRCTN92443999; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01542957.

Efficacy of a dilemma-focused intervention for unipolar depression: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Background Depression is one of the more severe and serious health problems because of its morbidity, disabling effects and for its societal and economic burden. Despite the variety of existing pharmacological and psychological treatments, most of the cases evolve with only partial remission, relapse and recurrence. Cognitive models have contributed significantly to the understanding of unipolar depression and its psychological treatment. However, success is only partial and many authors affirm the need to improve those models and also the treatment programs derived from them. One of the issues that requires further elaboration is the difficulty these patients experience in responding to treatment and in maintaining therapeutic gains across time without relapse or recurrence. Our research group has been working on the notion of cognitive conflict viewed as personal dilemmas according to personal construct theory. We use a novel method for identifying those conflicts using the repertory grid technique (RGT). Preliminary results with depressive patients show that about 90% of them have one or more of those conflicts. This fact might explain the blockage and the difficult progress of these patients, especially the more severe and/or chronic. These results justify the need for specific interventions focused on the resolution of these internal conflicts. This study aims to empirically test the hypothesis that an intervention focused on the dilemma(s) specifically detected for each patient will enhance the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. Design A therapy manual for a dilemma-focused intervention will be tested using a randomized clinical trial by comparing the outcome of two treatment conditions: combined group CBT (eight, 2-hour weekly sessions) plus individual dilemma-focused therapy (eight, 1-hour weekly sessions) and CBT alone (eight, 2-hour group weekly sessions plus eight, 1-hour individual weekly sessions). Method Participants are patients aged over 18 years meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder, with a score of 19 or above on the Beck depression inventory, second edition (BDI-II) and presenting at least one cognitive conflict (implicative dilemma or dilemmatic construct) as assessed using the RGT. The BDI-II is the primary outcome measure, collected at baseline, at the end of therapy, and at 3- and 12-month follow-up; other secondary measures are also used. Discussion We expect that adding a dilemma-focused intervention to CBT will increase the efficacy of one of the more prestigious therapies for depression, thus resulting in a significant contribution to the psychological treatment of depression. Trial registration ISRCTN92443999; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01542957.

The 16p11.2 rearrangments genetic paradigms for obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Recent discoveries of recurrent and reciprocal Copy Number Variants (CNVs) using genome- wide studies have led to a new understanding of the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. CNVs represent loss (deletion) or gain (duplication) of genomic material. This thesis work is focused on CNVs at the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 locus, which are among the most frequent etiologies of neurodevelopmental disorders and have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, cognitive impairment, alterations of brain size as well as obesity and underweight. Because deletion and duplication of the 16p11.2 locus occur frequently and recurrently (with the same breakpoints), CNVs at this locus represent a powerful paradigm to understand how a genomic region may modulate cognitive and behavioral traits as well as the relationship and shared mechanisms between distinct psychiatric diagnoses such as ASD and schizophrenia. The present dissertation includes three studies: 1) The first project aims at identifying structural brain-imaging endophenotypes in 16p11.2 CNVs carriers at risk for ASD and schizophrenia. The results show that gene dosage at the 16p11.2 locus modulates global brain volumes and neural circuitry, including the reward system, language and social cognition circuits. 2) The second investigates the neuropsychological profile in 16p11.2 deletion and duplication carriers. While deletion carriers show specific deficits in language and inhibition, the profile of duplication carriers is devoid of specific weaknesses and presents enhanced performance in a verbal memory task. 3) The third study on food-related behaviors in 16p11.2 deletion and duplication carriers shows that alterations of the reponse to satiety are present in CNV carriers before the onset of obesity, pointing toward a potential mechanism driving the Body Mass Index increase in deletion carriers. Dysfunctions in the reward system and dopaminergic circuitries could represent a common mechanism playing a role in the phenotype and could be investigated in future studies. Our data strongly suggest that complex cognitive traits correlate to gene dosage in humans. Larger studies including expression data would allow elucidating the contribution of specific genes to these different gene dosage effects. In conclusion, a systematic and careful investigation of cognitive, behavioral and intermediate phenotypes using a gene dosage paradigm has allowed us to advance our understanding of the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 locus and its effects on neurodevelopment. -- La récente découverte de variations du nombre de copies (CNVs pour 'copy number variants') dans le génome humain a amélioré nos connaissances sur l'étiologie des troubles neuropsychiatriques. Un CNV représente une perte (délétion) ou un gain (duplication) de matériel génétique sur un segment chromosomique. Ce travail de thèse est focalisé sur les CNVs réciproques (délétion et duplication) dans la région 16p11.2 BP4-BP5. Ces CNVs sont une cause fréquente de troubles neurodéveloppementaux et ont été associés à des phénotypes « en miroir » tels que obésité/sous-poids ou macro/microcéphalie mais aussi aux troubles du spectre autistique (TSA), à la schizophrénie et au retard de développement/déficience intellectuelle. La fréquence et la récurrence de la délétion et de la duplication aux mêmes points de cassure font de ces CNVs un paradigme unique pour étudier la relation entre dosage génique et les traits cognitifs et comportementaux, ainsi que les mécanismes partagés par des troubles psychiatriques apparemment distincts tels que les TSA et la schizophrénie. Ce travail de thèse comporte trois études distinctes : 1) l'étude en neuroimagerie structurelle identifie les endophénotypes chez les porteurs de la délétion ou de la duplication. Les résultats montrent une influence du dosage génique sur le volume cérébral total et certaines structures dans les systèmes de récompense, du langage et de la cognition sociale. 2) L'étude des profils neuropsychologiques chez les porteurs de la délétion ou de la duplication montre que la délétion est associée à des troubles spécifiques du langage et de l'inhibition alors que les porteurs de la duplication ne montrent pas de faiblesse spécifique mais des performances mnésiques verbales supérieures à leur niveau cognitif global. 3) L'étude sur les comportements alimentaires met en évidence une altération de la réponse à la satiété qui est présente avant l'apparition de l'obésité. Un dysfonctionnement dans le système de récompense et les circuits dopaminergiques pourrait représenter un mécanisme commun aux différents phénotypes observés chez ces individus porteurs de CNVs au locus 16p11.2. En conclusion, l'utilisation du dosage génique comme outil d'investigation des phénotypes cliniques et endophénotypes nous a permis de mieux comprendre le rôle de la région 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 dans le neurodéveloppement.

Defining the Effect of the 16p11.2 Duplication on Cognition, Behavior, and Medical Comorbidities.

IMPORTANCE: The 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 duplication is the copy number variant most frequently associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and comorbidities such as decreased body mass index (BMI). OBJECTIVES: To characterize the effects of the 16p11.2 duplication on cognitive, behavioral, medical, and anthropometric traits and to understand the specificity of these effects by systematically comparing results in duplication carriers and reciprocal deletion carriers, who are also at risk for ASD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This international cohort study of 1006 study participants compared 270 duplication carriers with their 102 intrafamilial control individuals, 390 reciprocal deletion carriers, and 244 deletion controls from European and North American cohorts. Data were collected from August 1, 2010, to May 31, 2015 and analyzed from January 1 to August 14, 2015. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effect of the duplication and deletion on clinical traits by comparison with noncarrier relatives. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Findings on the Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Nonverbal IQ, and Verbal IQ; the presence of ASD or other DSM-IV diagnoses; BMI; head circumference; and medical data. RESULTS: Among the 1006 study participants, the duplication was associated with a mean FSIQ score that was lower by 26.3 points between proband carriers and noncarrier relatives and a lower mean FSIQ score (16.2-11.4 points) in nonproband carriers. The mean overall effect of the deletion was similar (-22.1 points; P < .001). However, broad variation in FSIQ was found, with a 19.4- and 2.0-fold increase in the proportion of FSIQ scores that were very low (≤40) and higher than the mean (>100) compared with the deletion group (P < .001). Parental FSIQ predicted part of this variation (approximately 36.0% in hereditary probands). Although the frequency of ASD was similar in deletion and duplication proband carriers (16.0% and 20.0%, respectively), the FSIQ was significantly lower (by 26.3 points) in the duplication probands with ASD. There also were lower head circumference and BMI measurements among duplication carriers, which is consistent with the findings of previous studies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The mean effect of the duplication on cognition is similar to that of the reciprocal deletion, but the variance in the duplication is significantly higher, with severe and mild subgroups not observed with the deletion. These results suggest that additional genetic and familial factors contribute to this variability. Additional studies will be necessary to characterize the predictors of cognitive deficits.

Intervención psicológica en la obesidad : Un estudio comparativo entre el enfoque cognitivo conductual y el enfoque humanista

En este estudio se compara la intervención psicológica por excelencia en casos de obesidad y sobrepeso, la intervención cognitivoconductual, con la intervención humanista. Mediante el seguimiento de tres grupos de investigación a los que se prescriben restricciones propias de una dieta hipocalórica, uno sometido a terapia humanista individual, otro sometido a terapia cognitivoconductual grupal y un tercero sometido a una formación nutricional (grupo de cuasicontrol), este estudio pretende determinar si un enfoque humanista y la atención pormenorizada a la idiosincrasia del cliente marcan la diferencia en el tratamiento de la obesidad y/o el sobrepeso.

Trilling race : the political economy of racialised visual-aural encounters

This thesis investigates the matter of race in the context of Finnish language acquisition among adult migrants in Finland. Here matter denotes both the materiality of race and how race comes to matter. Drawing primarily on an auto/ethno/graphic account of learning the Finnish language as a participant in the Finnish for foreigners classes, this thesis problematises the ontology and epistemology of race, i.e., what race is, how it is known, and what an engagement with race entails. Taking cues from the bodily practices of learning the Finnish trill or the rolling r, this study proposes a notion of “trilling race” and argues for an onto-epistemological dis/continuity that marks race’s arrival. The notion of dis/continuity reworks the distinction between continuity and discontinuity, and asks about the how of the arrival of any identity, the where, and the when. In so doing, an analysis of “trilling race” engages with one of the major problematics that has exercised much critical attention, namely: how to read race differently. That is, to rethink the conundrum of the need to counter “representational weight” (Puar 2007, 191) of race on the one hand, and to account for the racialised lived realities on the other. The link between a study of the phenomenon of host country language acquisition and an examination of the question of race is not as obvious as it might seem. For example, what does the argument that the process of language learning is racialised actually imply? Does it mean that race, as a process of racialisation or an ongoing configuration of sets of power relations, exerts force from an outside on the otherwise neutral process of learning the host country language? Or does it mean that race, as an identity category, presents as among the analytical perspectives, along with gender and class for instance, of the phenomenon of host country language acquisition? With these questions in mind, and to foreground the examination of the question of race in the context of Finnish language acquisition among adult migrants, this thesis opens with a discussion of the art installation Finnexia by Lisa Erdman. Finnexia is a fictitious drug said to facilitate Finnish language learning through accelerating the cognitive learning process and reducing the anxiety of speaking the Finnish language. Not only does the Finnexia installation make visible the ways in which the lack of skill in Finnish is fgured as the threshold – a border that separates the inside from the outside – to integration, but also, and importantly, it raises questions about the nature of difference, and the process of differentiation that separates the individual from the social, fact from fiction, nature from culture. These puzzles animate much of the analysis in this dissertation. These concerns continue to be addressed in the rest of part one. Whereas chapter two offers a reconsideration of the ambiguities of ethnisme/ethnicity and race, chapter three dilates on the methodological implications of a conception of the dis/continuity of race. Part two focuses on the matter of race and examines the political economy of visual-aural encounters, whereas part three shifts the focus and rethinks the possibilities and limitations of transforming racialised and normative constraints. Taking up these particular problematics, this thesis as a whole argues that race trills itself: its identity/difference is simultaneously made possible and impossible.

Psychological well-being of the parents and child development, behavior, and quality of life in very low birth weight infants

The parents of premature infants, especially the mothers, are at increased risk for distress. Infants born prematurely are at risk for developmental problems. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the psychological well-being of both parents is associated with child development in very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500g) children. The burden of prematurity-related morbidity to the children and to the family was also assessed. A cohort of 201 VLBW infants born during 2001–2006 in the Turku University Hospital, Finland, and their parents were studied (I–IV). One study included a control group (n=166) of full-term infants (IV). The psychological well-being of the parents was evaluated by assessments of depressive symptoms, parenting stress, the sense of coherence and general family functioning. Cognitive, behavioral, and socio-emotional development, and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the children were determined when the children were 2 to 8 years old. The psychological well-being of the parents was associated with the cognitive, behavioral and social development of the VLBW children. The VLBW infants with prematurity-related morbidities had a poorer HRQoL and the general functioning of the family was inferior compared to the control children and their families. 64.5% of the VLBW children survived without morbidities. Most of the VLBW children did not have significant behavior problems (93%), had normal social skills (63%), had no emotional problems (64%), and had no problems in executive functioning (62%). Only 3% of the surviving VLBW infants had significant cognitive delay. In conclusion, the depressive symptoms and stress of the parents can be risk factors for disadvantageous child development, while a strong sense of coherence can be protective. Parents of the premature children with developmental delays might also experience more depressive symptoms and stress than other parents. Prematurity-related morbidities were a burden to the VLBW child as well as to the family.

Questionnaire du climat social de l’équipe d’intervenants (QCSÉI) : structure factorielle et validité de critère dans un échantillon d’intervenants québécois

Bien qu’il soit largement reconnu dans différents milieux d’intervention au Québec que l’intervenant est un des agents actifs les plus importants de l’efficacité d’une intervention – et c’est un des postulats centraux de l’intervention psychoéducative –, il existe encore très peu d’instruments de mesure validés empiriquement permettant l’évaluation du fonctionnement d’un groupe d’intervenants. Néanmoins, il existe un instrument pouvant mesurer le climat social d’une équipe, soit le Questionnaire du climat social d’une équipe d’intervenants (QCSÉI; Le Blanc, Trudeau-Le Blanc, & Lanctôt, 1999; Moos 1987). Le QCSÉI compte 10 échelles de premier niveau. Dans ses écrits théoriques, Moos (2003) a suggéré que le climat social est un construit hiérarchique et que l’ensemble des instruments mesurant différentes dimensions du climat social d’un groupe ou d’une équipe devrait se regrouper en trois facteurs d’ordre supérieur, soit les relations interpersonnelles, la découverte de soi et le maintien de l’ordre et du changement. Un examen conceptuel des échelles du QCSÉI suggère que ce modèle théorique est problématique. Cette étude visait à déterminer si la structure hiérarchique proposée par Moos était adéquate pour le QCSÉI dans un échantillon d’intervenants québécois. L’échantillon utilisé était composé d’intervenants faisant partie de Boscoville2000, un projet d’intervention cognitivecomportementale en milieu résidentiel pour les adolescents en difficulté. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires ont d’abord démontré que la structure de premier niveau est bien reproduite. Deux échelles jugées importantes pour mesurer le climat social ont ensuite été ajoutées. Par la suite, des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires ont démontré que la structure théorique hiérarchique en trois dimensions d’ordre supérieur de Moos ne représente pas bien les données. Les analyses ont révélé une structure alternative plus intéressante sur le plan conceptuel et qui représentait mieux les données. Des corrélations entre les échelles de climat social de l’équipe et les traits de personnalité des intervenants ainsi que différentes variables sociodémographiques et liées à la pratique professionnelle ont procuré un appui qui suggère que le QCSÉI possède une validité de critère acceptable.

Questionnaire d'attitudes et de préférences éducatives des intervenants (QAPÉI) : structure factorielle et relations avec les traits de personnalité

La psychoéducation de même que plusieurs approches théoriques en psychologie clinique suggèrent que l’intervenant constitue un élément actif fondamental des interventions auprès des individus en difficulté. Parmi l’ensemble des caractéristiques des intervenants qui sont utiles de considérer, les attitudes et préférences éducatives des intervenants apparaissent importantes puisqu’elles peuvent être reliées à un bon appariement avec un milieu d’intervention donné, au sentiment d’efficacité professionnelle et, ultimement, à l’efficacité d’une intervention. Or, très peu d’instruments psychométriques d’évaluation validés existent pour évaluer ces construits importants. Cette étude visait principalement à effectuer un examen préliminaire des propriétés psychométriques de la version française du Questionnaire d’attitudes et de préférences des intervenants (QAPÉI; Jesness & Wedge, 1983; Le Blanc, Trudeau-Le Blanc, & Lanctôt, 1999). Le premier objectif de la présente étude était d’évaluer si la structure théorique originale était reproductible empiriquement ou si une structure factorielle alternative était nécessaire. Le deuxième objectif était d’évaluer si les attitudes et préférences éducatives des intervenants étaient reliées à leurs traits de personnalité. L’échantillon utilisé était composé d’intervenants faisant partie de Boscoville2000, un projet d’intervention cognitive-comportementale en milieu résidentiel pour les adolescents en difficulté. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires ont démontré que la structure théorique originale n’était pas reproduite empiriquement. Une structure alternative en cinq facteurs a été recouvrée. Cette structure alternative était plus cohérente sur le plan conceptuel et démontrait une bonne adéquation aux données. Les facteurs identifiés ont été nommés Distance affective, Évitement thérapeutique, Exaspération, Permissivité et Coercition. Des analyses corrélationnelles ont démontré que ces échelles d’attitudes et de préférences éducatives étaient reliées de façon conceptuellement cohérente aux traits de personnalité des intervenants, ce qui appuie la validité de critère de la nouvelle structure de l’instrument.

L'efficacité de l'imagerie guidée sur la douleur, l'anxiété, le coping et le retour aux activités d'adolescents ayant subi une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose

De nombreuses études ont démontré que les adolescents qui subissent une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose éprouvent des douleurs postopératoires intenses et cela pendant plusieurs jours après leur chirurgie. L’originalité de cette étude de type quasi-expérimental, consistait à réaliser un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à une intervention éducative (gestion de la douleur) sur la douleur, l’anxiété, le coping et le retour aux activités d’adolescents ayant subi une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose. Prenant appui sur la théorie du portillon (Melzack & Casey, 1968) et sur la théorie transactionnelle du stress et coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), quatre hypothèses ont été retenues en vue de vérifier l’effet de cette intervention. Trente et un adolescents, âgés entre 13 et 19 ans ont été répartis en deux groupes de façon aléatoire. Les participantes du groupe expérimental devaient visionner un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à de l’information sur la gestion de la douleur en période préopératoire, au moment du congé de l’hôpital et ce, au moins trois fois par semaine sur une période d’un mois post congé. De plus, ce groupe continuait à recevoir les soins usuels. Les participants du groupe contrôle ne recevaient que les soins usuels. Les instruments de mesure utilisés furent le questionnaire concis de la douleur (QCD) (Larue F, Colleau, Brasseur, & Cleeland, 1995), l’inventaire d’anxiété situationnelle et de trait d’anxiété (IASTA-Y) (Gauthier & Bouchard, 1993) et l’inventaire du coping face à la douleur pédiatrique (Spicher, 2003). Quatre temps de mesure ont été planifiés, soit la journée avant la chirurgie, au congé de l’hôpital, au 14ième jour post congé et lors de la visite à la clinique d’orthopédie à un mois post congé. Les résultats montraient que les deux groupes étaient équivalents en ce qui concernait les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et les variables dépendantes. Les participants du groupe expérimental présentaient une douleur générale ressentie dans le dernier 24 heures plus basse au 14ième jour (p = 0,012) et un mois après leur congé de l’hôpital (p = 0,049). Certaines activités quotidiennes ont démontré une différence significative au 14ième jour soit : les activités scolaires ou de travail (p = 0,046), et les activités de soutien vital (manger, dormir) (p = 0,024), Par contre, nous n’avons pas observé de différence significative au niveau de l’anxiété situationnelle et des stratégies adaptatives de coping entre les deux groupes. L’auteur conclut que le niveau de douleur postopératoire des adolescents qui ont subi une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose peut être réduit par un visionnement d’un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à une intervention éducative (information sur la douleur). De plus, ceci semble avoir un effet positif sur le retour plus rapide de certaines activités quotidiennes.

Les rêves dysphoriques chez les enfants : épidémiologie, facteurs de risque et traitement

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Un programme de traitement cognitif-béhavioral offert en communauté à des agresseurs sexuels : l'efficacité évaluée selon le type de victimes

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal