Identification and antioxidant activity of several flavonoids of Inga edulis leaves

Um extrato metanol-água das folhas de Inga edulis foi fracionado para identificar os compostos polifenólicos. Os compostos identificados foram o acido gálico, a catequina, a epicatequina, a miricetina-3-ramnopiranosídeo, a quercetina-3-glucopiranosídeo e a quercetina-3-ramnopiranosídeo. A capacidade antioxidante do extrato e dos polifenóis puros foi medida pelo teste ORAC e comparada com o teor em fenólicos totais (TP). O extrato bruto seco apresentou valores de ORAC (11.16 mmol TE per g) e TP (496.5 mg GAE per g) muito altos. Os compostos identificados foram responsáveis, respectivamente, por 9.53 % e 12.10 % dos valores ORAC e de TP do extrato de folhas de Inga edulis.

Aging of red wines made from hybrid grape cv. BRS Violeta: Effects of accelerated aging conditions on phenolic composition, color and antioxidant activity

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Enteral nutrition feeding alters antioxidant activity in unstimulated whole saliva composition of patients with neurological disorders

Patients with neurological disorders have an increased risk of oral and systemic diseases due to compromised oral hygiene. If patients lose the ability to swallow and chew food as a result of their disorder, enteral nutrition is often utilized. However, this type of feeding may modify salivary antioxidant defenses, resulting in increased oxidative damage and the emergence of various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of enteral nutrition on biochemical parameters in the unstimulated whole saliva composition of patients with neurological disorders. For this, enzymatic (superoxide dismutase - SOD; glutathione peroxidase - GPx) and non-enzymatic (uric acid; ferric ion reducing antioxidant power - FRAP) antioxidant activity, as well as a marker for oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS) were analyzed. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 12 patients with neurological disorders and tube-feeding (tube-fed group - TFG), 15 patients with neurological disorders and normal feeding via the mouth (non-tube-fed group - NTFG), and 12 volunteers without neurological disorders (control group - CG). The daily oral hygiene procedures of TFG and NTFG patients were similar and dental care was provided monthly by the same institution's dentist. All patients exhibited adequate oral health conditions. The salivary levels of FRAP, uric acid, SOD, GPx, TBARS, and total protein were compared between studied groups. FRAP was increased (p < 0.05) in the NTFG (4651 +/- 192.5 mmol/mL) and the TFG (4743 +/- 116.7 mmol/mL) when compared with the CG (1844 +/- 343.8 mmol/mL). GPx values were lower (p < 0.05) in the NTGF (8.24 +/- 1.09 mmol/min/mg) and the TFG (8.37 +/- 1.60 mmol/min/mg) than in the CG (15.30 +/- 2.61 mmol/min/mg). Uric acid in the TFG (1.57 +/- 0.23 mg/dL) was significantly lower than in the NTFG (2.34 +/- 0.20 mg/dL) and the CG (3.49 +/- 0.21 mg/dL). Protein was significantly lower in the TFG (5.35 +/- 0.27 g/dL) than in the NTFG (7.22 +/- 0.57 g/dL) and the CG (7.86 +/- 0.54 g/dL). There was no difference in the salivary flow rate and SOD between groups. Enteral nutrition in patients with neurological disorders was associated with lower oxidative damage, resulting in increased salivary. antioxidant capacity. These results emphasize the importance of oral care for this population to prevent oral and systemic diseases. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydrophobicity and antioxidant activity acting together for the beneficial health properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Structural characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of kojic dipalmitate loaded W/O/W multiple emulsions intended for skin disorders

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of potassium sources on the antioxidant activity of eggplant

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Chemical, enzymatic and cellular antioxidant activity studies of Agaricus blazei Murrill

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Antioxidant activity of apple extract protects against rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide

Several studies have shown that apple (Malus sp.) has many components able to exert chemopreventive activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of apple extract following medium-term oral carcinogenesis assay induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) by means of histopathological analysis and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as CuZnSOD, MnSOD and catalase. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were distributed into five groups, as follows (n = 6 per group): Group 1 - negative control group (non-treated group); Group 2 - received 4NQO during 8 weeks in drinking water and treated with apple extract by gavage between the 1st and 4th weeks daily (initiation phase); Group 3 - received 4NQO for 8 weeks in drinking water and treated with apple extract by gavage between the 5th and 8th weeks daily (promotion phase); Group 4 - received apple extract by gavage for eight consecutive weeks only; and Group 5 - received 4NQO for 8 weeks in drinking water daily. Histopathological analysis revealed that apple extract protect oral lesions induced by 4NQO at initiation or promotion phase. Higher gene expression of CuZnSOD and MnSOD enzymes were noticed in groups treated with apple extract as well. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the apple extract is able to modulate medium-term oral carcinogenesis assay as a result of antioxidant activity.

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of pera rio orange juice

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Validation of an alternative analitycal method for the quantification of antioxidant activity in plant extracts

SUMMARY. A new method was developed to evaluate the total antioxidant activity in plant extracts, which was based on radical scavenging using 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid. The proposed method was linear in the range of 0.86 to 26.0 μg/mL, displaying a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Moreover, the accuracy and precision analysis showed agreement with ANVISA guidelines (96.66 to 98.46 % and < 5.0%, respectively). The method demonstrated sensitivity, robustness and efficiency in detecting low concentrations of plant extracts (detection and quantification limit of 0.86 and 2.87 μg/mL, respectively) that may be present in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics preparations, again in agreement with ANVISA. In addition, the assay is inexpensive and easy to perform.

Optimization of extraction conditions and antioxidant activity of Solanum lycocarpum fruits

Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. The capacity of natural antioxidant from phytochemical has increase attention from researchers and public. However, the extraction process is affecting the activity and the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. The Solanum lycocarpum is a plant of the Brazilian “cerrado”, popularly used as a hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and control of metabolic diseases. Its effects are attributed to the presence of several glycoalkaloids (solamargine, solasonina) and solasodine. Therefore, the purpose of this communication was, investigate the optimization of extraction condition and evaluation of antioxidant activity from fruits of Solanum lycocarpum. The extracts were obtained using different solvent systems, i.e., water, 50% ethanol, ethanol absolute and ethyl ether (1:10 and 1:20) and different extraction processes: maceration with constant agitation at room temperature, maceration with constant agitation and heating at 30°C and ultrasound. The extracts were characterized by the amount of material extracted (1, 6 and 24 h) and the action of antioxidant activity by DPPH method. The results showed that the polar solvent (50% ethanol) and extractive process maceration with agitation to ambient temperature showed higher contents of extractable of fruits of S. lycocarpum (3.4 g %) and also showed higher antioxidant activity (88.57±2.41% de inhibition). This action whether the presence of glycoalkaloids (solamargine, solasonine and solasodine) in fruits S. lycocarpum which are polar compounds and may explain this increased antioxidant action of this extract.

In vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective properties of polyphenols from Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux

Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective properties of the aqueous extract and tetrahydrofuran-extracted phenolic fractions of Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) Lamouroux were investigated in rats with chemically induced liver injury. Total polyphenols were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Liver damage was induced by CCl4 and assessed by a histological technique. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) analysis showed increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) gene expression and activities in the group treated with free phenolic acid (FPA) fractions of H. opuntia, suggesting inducing effects on both enzymes. In addition, rats treated with FPA fractions displayed lower liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels than those observed for rats in the CCl4-treated group. These data suggest that the phenolic fractions from H. opuntia may protect the liver against oxidative stress-inducing effects of chemicals by modulating its antioxidant enzymes and oxidative status.