843 resultados para Características físico-química
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização físico-química do pó e da tintura, e análise por espectrofotometria e cromatografia do extrato seco de Peperomia pellucida L. (H. B. K.). As metodologias seguiram a Farmacopéia Brasileira IV ed., com exceção da prospecção química, da espectrofotometria, da obtenção do perfil cromatográfico do extrato seco, e determinação do resíduo seco. A prospecção química revelou a presença de saponinas espumídicas; açúcares redutores; proteínas e aminoácidos; fenóis; taninos; flavonóides; esteróides e triterpenóides. Na análise por CCD, o melhor perfil da fração flavonoídica foi obtido com MeOH/CHOOH (90:10). Foi confirmada, através de CLAE, a presença de 3’,4’,7-tri-O-metoxiflavona no extrato seco deste material vegetal. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para a determinação de especificações de uma futura monografia em Farmacopéias da Peperomia pellucida L. (H.B.K.).
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A espécie Pyrostegia venusta é uma liana trepadeira popularmente conhecida como flor-de-São-João. É utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de diversas doenças. Na literatura científica, vários compostos bioativos já foram isolados e algumas atividades biológicas importantes, como a atividade antimicrobiana e imunomoduladora, já foram atribuídas a esta espécie. A cárie e a doença periodontalsão as doenças bucais mais prevalentes na população brasileira, sendo o biofilme dental o seu fator etiológico primário. A candidíase oral ocorre devido à infecção por espécies do gênero Candida que, em determinadas situações, podem se comportar como patógenos oportunistas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo físico, químico e biológico da espécie vegetal Pyrostegia venusta e investigar seu potencial na prevenção das principais doenças bucais. Foram realizados ensaios de citotoxicidade do extrato bruto e frações em células mononucleares do sangue periférico e em macrófagos murinos. Para avaliar a atividade imunomoduladora do extrato bruto e frações, foi realizada dosagem de óxido nítrico (NO) produzido por macrófagos estimulados com lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Foi realizado ensaio de microdiluição em caldo para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) do extrato bruto, frações e marcadores. Também foram avaliados o efeito na inibição da aderência de Streptococcus mutans em lamínula de vidro, o efeito na redução do pH e a capacidade de inibição do brotamento de Candida albicans do extrato bruto e frações. A espécie Pyrostegia venusta não foi citotóxica em baixas concentrações. A produção de NO foi inibida pelas frações acetato de etila e n-butanólica. O extrato bruto, frações e marcadores apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana contra Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis e Candida albicans, capacidade de inibição da aderência e redução do pH. O extrato bruto e frações hexânica, acetato de etila e n-butanólica apresentaram capacidade de inibição do brotamento. A espécie Pyrostegia venusta pode ser uma alternativa na prevenção e tratamento das principais doenças bucais. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários antes de considerá-la realmente promissora.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ
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Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV
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Fruit processing for beverage production purposes is a way of adding value to the raw material and of raising the farmer s income by increasing the demand. Thus the objective of this work was the production of fermented West Indian cherry beverages and their physicochemical and sensory evaluation. The beverages were produced based on the Brazilian legislation for fermented fruit beverages and wine. The fermented beverages were produced from West Indian cherry pulp (pulper) and juice (press) and sweetened with sugar to obtain three types of beverage: dry, semidry and sweet. The beverages were submitted to the following physicochemical analyses: pH, alcohol, reducing sugars, total reducing sugars, total acidity, volatile acidity, fixed acidity, dry extract, reduced dry extract, alcohol to reduced dry extract ratio, free sulphur dioxide, total sulphur dioxide and turbidity. In the sensory analysis, the beverages were assessed using a 9-point hedonic scale, evaluating the attributes of appearance, odour, flavour and overall assessment. The chemical and sensory results were submitted to an analysis of variance and the means compared using Tukey s test (5%). Both the raw materials (pulp and juice) and the different sugar concentrations (dry, semidry and sweet) interfered in the sensory and physicochemical parameters of the fermented West Indian cherry beverages, the tasters showing preference for the sweetened beverages.
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The aim of this study was to produce and physicochemically characterize beer elaborated with honey. Beer production assays were carried out with nine treatments, the combination of three concentrations of the original extract (11, 13 and 15 ºBrix) with three percentages of honey in the wort formulation (0, 20 and 40%). The experiment was completely randomized with two replicates, giving a total of eighteen trials. Mashing was carried out by infusion and the honey was added during the boiling step. After clarification, the extract content was corrected with water and the wort then inoculated with bottom-fermenting yeast. Fermentation was at 10 ºC. The beer was bottled manually and stored in a freezer at a temperature of 0 ºC for 15 days, for maturation. The beers were analyzed for their alcohol content, true extract, apparent extract, colour, bitterness, turbidity, pH, total acidity, carbon dioxide, foam density and total foam. The results of the physicochemical analysis were subjected to an analysis of variance, and the means compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. All beers were considered to be pale. The presence of honey in the formulation enhanced carbonation, foam density and total foam, but the beers were less bitter and less acid.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Background: The use of all by-products of bovine slaughter is of high economic importance for the industries of products of animal origin. Among these products, fat has an important role, once fat rendering may generate several different products, such as protein material that may be used in the manufacture of meat products. However, in spite of the importance that the use of all by-products has for the economic balance of the industry, there are no reports on their use in Brazil, or studies that supply data on microbiological and physical-chemical local standards for this protein. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of protein material obtained from fat rendering, as well as to provide support for companies to use fat rendering to generate protein material, adding value to industrialized meat products.Materials, Methods & Results: The experimental production of edible protein obtained of fat rendering was conducted in slaughterhouse with supervision of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Protein material was obtained in a continuous, humid heat system at high temperatures. Fat scraps containing protein were ground and cooked at high temperature (85 degrees C), and placed in a three phase decanter centrifuge. After centrifugation, protein material was ground again and packed. Samples were collected from 15 batches of protein material, and the following microbiological analyses were carried out: counts of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, coliforms at 35 degrees C, Escherichia coli, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, and Staphylococcus aureus, besides presence or absence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogens. The following physical-chemical analyses were also carried out: protein, total lipid, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, and energy content. Mean counts of mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and coliforms at 35 degrees C were 4.17; 3.69 and 1.87 (log CFU/g), respectively. Levels of protein, total lipids, moisture, ashes and carbohydrates were 27.50; 7.83; 63.88%; 0.24%; and 0.55%, respectively, and energy content was 182.63 kcal/100g.Discussion: Results of microbiological analyses demonstrated that, although low, the final product showed to be contaminated. Contamination that occurred during the second grinding procedure may be an explanation for these bacterial counts. Also, the temperature used for fat fusion was not enough to eliminate thermoduric microorganisms. However, even with the presence of indicator microorganisms in the samples, none was contaminated by E. coli, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, S. aureus, Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. Physical-chemical analyses showed that the product had adequate nutritional quality. Based on these results, it was possible to conclude that protein material obtained in fat rendering showed characteristics that enable the use of this product as raw material for processed meat products. Besides, the present study was the first one to present scientific results in relation to edible by-products obtained in fat rendering, supplying important information for slaughterhouses and meat-processing plants. The study also produced relevant data on the innocuousness of the product, which may be used to guide decision-making of health inspectors.
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)