985 resultados para CUENTOS DE MI TÍA PANCHITA


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报道了用动能一定而电荷态不同的40Arq+离子和动能不同的40Ar6+离子入射金属Ta表面,靶原子受激辐射发出的200-1000nm波段的特征光谱线的实验结果。实验结果表明:高电荷态离子所激发的靶原子的谱线强度与入射离子的电荷态密切相关,与靶原子的入射动能没有强的相关性。

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研究通过测量中子和γ剂量当量率估算 5 2MeV/u32 S束轰击Ta靶时的中子与γ光子产额的方法 ,并给出了估算结果。

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本论文以A~160区奇奇核的高自旋态核结构为研究对象,详细地总结分析了该区奇奇核[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带的性质,利用在束核谱学实验手段布居和测量了166Ta核高自旋态能级结构、借助模型理论对该核实验结果进行分析,还从理论方面系统地研究了A~160区奇奇核[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带的signature反转现象与形变的关系,取得了一些创新成果。 奇奇核高j组态带的signature反转现象系统地存在于A~160、A~130和A~80核区,目前理论上提出的各种可能机制还不能彻底解释清楚这一现象。本文中较详细地归纳了A~160区奇奇核signature反转带,即[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带,实验数据的一些系统学规律,具体贡献在于 1、总结了晕态[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带的跃迁能量系统学规律,指出存在这种规律的原因在于形变和价核子耦合性质随质子数和中子数增减的有规律变化。 2、展示了随质子数增大和中子数减小该带准粒子顺排角动量相加性逐渐变差的现象,指出这种变差的原因可能是形变减小导致剩余n-p相互作用的增强,以及奇奇核带和与之相比较的奇核带形变差异增大。文中强调了使用顺排角动量相加性规则时要考查相加前后两个signature分支顺排角动量的相对大小。跃迁能量系统学规律和顺排角动量相加性规则是目前指定该区奇奇核[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带核态自旋值的有效工具,上述工作有益于研究新核时正确运用这些工具。文中其它归纳和总结工作也为后续研究提供了较为系统的参考资料。 此前尚未有人对166Ta核做过在束研究,我们在中国原子能科学研究院利用HI-13串列加速器通过141Pr(28Si,3n)反应布居和测量了166Ta核高自旋态。实验中使用了5片厚500μg/cm2纯度98.0%的141Pr自衬靶,7台HpGe反康谱仪和1台平面型HpGe探测器。用改变束流能量测量在束单谱和剩余放射性的方法确认实验中生成了166Ta核并为符合实验选定了束流能量。γ-γ符合实验束流能量为127MeV,实验中共收集到约50×106个两重符合事件。实验后用152Eu放射源对探测系统进行了能量和效率刻度。符合实验数据被反演成γ-γ、X-γ和DCO二维谱。通过处理和分析实验数据,得到以下主要结果: 1、用TaKX射线开窗、比较不同束流能量下的在束单谱和排除已知核射线等方法确认了属于166Ta的射线,根据这些射线的级联关系首次建立起了166Ta核的在束能级纲图,其中包括4条转动带,60条射线。166Ta核的晕带是一条耦合性较强的带,建立起的该带能级纲图中包括16条能级和29条射线,每一signature分支有7条E2拉伸跃迁。另外三条带是两条耦合带和一条双退耦带。其中一条耦合带的耦合性较强、位置较高,可能是4准粒子带。 2、计算γ-γ符合矩阵和DCO矩阵开窗谱中峰下面积,得到了166Ta核55条射线在实验中的相对强度Iγ、29条射线的方向关联系数Iγ(35°)/Iγ(75°)和21个核态退激过程的跃迁强度分支比λ等数据。 3、借助模型计算,为实验中发现的4条转动带指定了组态。晕核组态定为9/2[514]p3/2[651]n, Kπ值为6-。另外两条耦合带的组态被定为9/2[514]p3/2[521]n和9/2[514]p3/2[521]n{3/2[651]n}2,退偶带的组态可能是1/2[514]p3/2[651]n。 4、通过分析跃迁能量系统学规律和运用顺排角动量相加性规则指定了166Ta核晕带核态的自旋值,还使用其它方法倾向性地指定了另外三条带的自旋值。 5、提取了一些核态退激过程B(M1)/B(E2)理论值比实验值偏大,指示该带可能存在负γ形变。另外两条耦合带的B(M1)/B(E2)计算值与实验值比较接近,这方面支持我们对其组态的指定。回弯之前的166Ta核晕带B(M1)/B(E2)值与已知的同位素和同中子素奇奇核晕带值相比大许多,我们认为这是组态和形变变化造成的。 6、166Ta和邻核晕带集体转动惯量随转动角频率平方的变化关系显示准质子占据h11/2子壳顶部轨道时顺排发生得较晚,准中子占据i13/2子壳低部轨道时顺排发生得较早。 7、实验结果显示166Ta核的晕带出现signature反转,signature反转点自旋值和反转点之下M1跃迁摆动幅度都与全区规律相符。 我们研究166Ta核的高自旋态能级结构旨在为研究奇奇核signature反转提供新的实验数据,实验研究达到了预期的目的,实验结果证实了在轻Ta奇奇核同位素中也系统地存在signature反转。 在讨论A~160区奇奇核[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带的signature反转机制方面,作者首次利用现有的TRS计算方法系统地考察了该区32个奇奇核该带形变极其随核子数增减的变化趋势,进而通过CSM计算考察了形变对该带signature劈裂的影响。这方面的研究成果主要包括: 1、计算结果显示,该区核芯较容易在γ形变方向受到价核子的形状极化作用,89≤Z≤95时i13/2准中子一般具有正γ形变驱动作用且随着中子数减小此正γ形变驱动作用逐渐增强,67≤Z≤75时h11/2准质子一般具有负γ形变驱动作用且随着质子数增大此负γ形变驱动作用逐渐增强,Z=63和65时h11/2准质子两个signature组态具有不同方向的γ形变驱动作用,总体看h11/2准质子的γ形变驱动作用没有i13/2准中子的强。 2、只考虑ε2和γ形变参量的TSR计算结果显示A~160区中N=89和91奇奇核的[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带有较大的正γ形变,N≥93奇奇核中该带γ形变则较小或为负γ形变。计算出的不同核该带的γ形变值随中子数增加逐渐减小、随质子数变化的规律较复杂且变化幅度没有随中子数变化时那么明显,Z≤67时一些核两signature的形变还有明显的差异。 3、CSM计算表明正γ形变可以导致费米面附近的h11/2准质子轨道signature反转,并且存在正γ形变时ε2形变、ε4形变、质子对力和质子数的不同都对signature反转幅度和反转点对应的角频率都有影响,[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带两个signature组态形变的不同对费米面附近i13/2准中子轨道的位置也有影响。 4、利用从TRS计算出的形变参量所做CSM计算显示,该区部分奇奇核[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带出现signature反转。计算出的signature反转随中子数或质子数变化趋势有些和实验结果相符,也有一些与实验结果不符,对有些实验上发现signature反转的核还计算不出反转。计算结果预言该区一些没有实验数据的奇奇核[h11/2]p[i13/2]n带中也会存在signature反转,这些核是154Eu、162Ta、164Ta和168Re等。 此前对解释A~160区奇奇核signature反转的系统规律时是否必须考虑γ形变还没有定论,本文工作证实了较明显的正γ形变对signature反转起着重要的作用。但是,单纯考虑γ形变并不能完全再现A~160区奇奇核signature反转规律,今后的研究工作还要系统而细致地考虑各方面因素。

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Equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, and dissociation energies of the transition metal carbonyls MCO (M = Nb, Ta, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt) were studied by use of diverse density functional methods B3LYP, BLYP, B3P86, B3PW91, BHLYP, BP86, and PBE1PBE. It was found that the ground electronic state is (6)Sigma(+) for NbCO and TaCO, (2)Sigma(+) for RhCO,(2)Delta for IrCO, and (1)Sigma(+) for PdCO and PtCO, in agreement with previous theoretical studies. The calculated properties are highly dependent on the functionals employed, in particular for the dissociation energy. For most of the molecules, the predicted bond distance is in agreement with experiments and previous theoretical results. BHLYP is the worst method in reproducing the experimental results compared with the other density functional methods for the title molecules.

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The determination of Nb and Ta in Nb-Ta minerals was accomplished by slurry nebulization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), using a clog-free V-groove ceramic nebulizer. Samples were first wet-ground to appropriate particle sizes with narrow size distribution and 90% of the particles in the slurry were smaller than 2.32 mu m in diameter. Subsamples were then dispersed in pH 9 aqueous solutions, and agitated in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min prior to analysis. Due to the lack of slurry standards matching well with the samples, calibration was simply carried out using aqueous solution standards. Results were compared with those obtained from a conventional fusion decomposition procedure and acid digestion procedures and a good agreement between the measured and referred values was obtained. The technique provided a good alternative for the rapid determination of Nb and/or Ta in their corresponding minerals.

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Geometries, vibrational frequencies, electron affinities, ionization potentials and dissociation energies of the title clusters in both neutral and positively and negatively charged states were studied by use of density functional theory. For both neutral and charged species, different initial isomers were studied in order to determine the structure with the lowest energy. Vibrational analysis was also performed in order to characterize these isomers. For Ta-2, Ta-Ta metallic bond is strengthened by adding or removing an electron, i.e. the charged species are much more stable than the neutral counterpart. For Ta-3, equilateral triangle with D-3h symmetry has the lowest energy for both neutral and charged species (near equilateral triangle for cation). TaO and its charged species have much larger dissociation energy compared with other tantalum oxides. For Ta2O and TaO2. structure with C-2v symmetry is much more stable than linear chains. For Ta3O, planar structure with doubly bridging oxygen atoms of C-2v, symmetry is the global minimum for both neutral and charged species. While for TaO3, three-dimensional structures are favored for both neutral (C-1 symmetry) and charged species (C-3v symmetry).

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采用真空气体输运技术制备了Eu0 .0 6La0 .94 M2 O6X(M =Nb ,Ta ;X =Cl,Br) ,测定了它们的晶体结构及光谱 ,研究了其光谱性质与晶体结构的关系 ,不同金属阳离子和卤素配体对铕光谱性质的影响及其变化规律。

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X-ray diffraction and electrical and diamagnetic analyses revealed that the 2223 phase was significantly enhanced by high-valence cation (V5+, Nb5+, Ta5+, etc.) doping in BiSrCaCuO samples. The optimum nominal composition was Bi1.6M0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3 O(y)(M =

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自发现BiSrCaCuO超导体以来,为了稳定2223高T_C相结构、增加其在超导体中的含量,在该体系中引入掺杂元素Pb被公认是最有效的方法。我们系统研究了V~(5+)、Nb~(5+)、Ta~(5+)高价离子的单独掺入Bi系中对