The Legal Construction of Membership: Nationality Law in Germany and the United States. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers No. 00.5, 2000

The argument of this paper is that several empirical puzzles in the citizenship literature are rooted in the failure to distinguish between the mainly legal concept of nationality and the broader, political concept of citizenship. Using this distinction, the paper analysis the evolution of German and American nationality laws over the last 200 years. The historical development of both legal structures shows strong communalities. With the emergence of the modern system of nation states, the attribution of nationality to newborn children is ascribed either via the principle of descent or place of birth. With regard to the naturalization of adults, there is an increasing ethnization of law, which means that the increasing complexities of naturalization criteria are more and more structured along ethnic ideas. Although every nation building process shows some elements of ethnic self-description, it is difficult to use the legal principles of ius sanguinis and ius soli as indicators of ethnic or non-ethnic modes of community building.

Special Education and the Risk of Becoming Less Educated in Germany and the United States. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 05.1, 13 December, 2004

Over the twentieth century, a growing group of students has been transferred into considerably expanded special education systems. These programs serve children with diagnosed impairments and disabilities and students with a variety of learning difficulties. Children and youth “with special educational needs” constitute a heterogeneous group with social, ethnic, linguistic, and physical disadvantages. An increasingly large percentage of those students at risk of leaving school without credentials participate in special education, a highly legitimated low status (and stigmatizing) school form. While most countries commit themselves to school integration or inclusive education to replace segregated schools and separate classes, cross-national and regional comparisons of special education’s diverse student bodies show considerable disparities in their (1) rates of classification, (2) provided learning opportunities, and (3) educational attainments. Analyzing special education demographics and organizational structures indicates which children and youth are most likely to grow up less educated and how educational systems distribute educational success and failure. Findings from a German-American comparison show that which students bear the greatest risk of becoming less educated depends largely on definitions of “special educational needs” and the institutionalization of special education systems.

Critical Tasks Facing Western Europe and the United States in a Period of Change and Transition. Address by Martin J. Hillenbrand, Assistant Secretary for European Affairs. Department of State Bulletin, 441.2 (103). 7 June, 1971

No abstract.

Latin America and the United States,

"Supplementary readings" at end of each chapter.

Agricultural trade between Asia/Near East countries and the United States, 1962-86 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Comparison of energy consumption between West Germany and the United States

"Contract no. 14-01-001-1885."

The Netherlands and the United States,

"Suggestions for further reading": p. 96.

Agreement between the United Kingdom and the United States of America for the settlement of various pecuniary claims outstanding between the two governments, together with the first schedule of claims and terms of submission thereof; also rules of procedure exchanged between the agents, 11th July, 1912.

Agreement signed at Washington, Aug. 18, 1910, by James Bryce and Philander C. Knox.

Travels in Canada, and the United States, in 1816 and 1817 /

"Printed by A. Strahan ... London" -- Colophon

Comparisons of accident data from Western New York, New York State, and the United States. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Essays and addresses: France and the United States.

Mode of access: Internet.

A new and complete treatise on the arts of tanning, currying, and leather-dressing : comprising all the discoveries and improvements made in France, Great Britain, and the United States : edited from notes and documents of Messrs. Sallerou, Grouvelle, Duval, Dessables, Labarraque, Payen, René, de Fontenelle, Malepeyre, etc. etc. /

Spine title: Tanning, currying and leather dressing.

A bibliographical manual for students of the language and literature of England and the United States; a short-title list.

"The province of English philology [by] Albert Stanburrough Cook": p. 253-269.