Diffusion pattern in MSi2 and M5Si3 silicides in group VB (M = V, Nb, Ta) and VIB (M = Mo, W) refractory metal-silicon systems

Group VB and VIB M-Si systems are considered to show an interesting pattern in the diffusion of components with the change in atomic number in a particular group (M = V, Nb, Ta or M = Mo, W, respectively). Mainly two phases, MSi2 and M5Si3 are considered for this discussion. Except for Ta-silicides, the activation energy for the integrated diffusion of MSi2 is always lower than M5Si3. In both phases, the relative mobilities measured by the ratio of the tracer diffusion coefficients, , decrease with an increasing atomic number in the given group. If determined at the same homologous temperature, the interdiffusion coefficients increase with the atomic number of the refractory metal in the MSi2 phases and decrease in the M5Si3 ones. This behaviour features the basic changes in the defect concentrations on different sublattices with a change in the atomic number of the refractory components.

IMAGE DENOISING IN MULTIPLICATIVE NOISE

We address the problem of denoising images corrupted by multiplicative noise. The noise is assumed to follow a Gamma distribution. Compared with additive noise distortion, the effect of multiplicative noise on the visual quality of images is quite severe. We consider the mean-square error (MSE) cost function and derive an expression for an unbiased estimate of the MSE. The resulting multiplicative noise unbiased risk estimator is referred to as MURE. The denoising operation is performed in the wavelet domain by considering the image-domain MURE. The parameters of the denoising function (typically, a shrinkage of wavelet coefficients) are optimized for by minimizing MURE. We show that MURE is accurate and close to the oracle MSE. This makes MURE-based image denoising reliable and on par with oracle-MSE-based estimates. Analogous to the other popular risk estimation approaches developed for additive, Poisson, and chi-squared noise degradations, the proposed approach does not assume any prior on the underlying noise-free image. We report denoising results for various noise levels and show that the quality of denoising obtained is on par with the oracle result and better than that obtained using some state-of-the-art denoisers.

Analysis of Dislocation-Induced Strain Field in an Idealized Wafer-Bonded Microstructure

The localized dislocation at the interface induces uneven strain distribution in two wafer-bonded layers. Because of the different elastic properties of two bonding layers and this uneven strain distribution, the bilayered microstructure deflects and deflection relaxes the strains. Depending on the microstructure dimensions, elastic properties and lattice parameters, the contribution of deflection to strain field can be very significant. The interface condition also plays an important role in relaxing strain. Two models capable of describing different interface conditions are used for the analysis and offer a more comprehensive study on the dislocation-induced strain field in a wafer-bonded bilayered microstructure. The combined effect of microstructure dimensions and interface condition on the strain is presented and compared.

Influencia de la rotación de cultivo y control de malezas sobre la cenosis y el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del cultivo de la soya (Glycine max (L) Merr) cv. cristalina y el cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench)

Se estudió la influencia de tres métodos de control de malezas en cinco rotaciones de cultivo sobre la dinámica de asociaciones de malezas y el crecimiento y desarrollo de los cultivos. El ensayo se inició en postrera de 1992 en la Hacienda "Las Mercedes" Managua, considerando en este trabajo los resultados de la siembra de primera de 1992. Se evaluó las rotaciones sorgo-sorgo, maíz-sorgo, maíz-soya, pepino-soya y pepino-sorgo y los métodos de control químico, control por período crítico y control por limpia periódica. Los resultados demuestran que el control limpia periódica efectuó un control satisfactorio de las malezas, mientras que los controles período crítico y químico fueron insuficientes, debido a que predominaban las especies monocotiledóneas como: R. cochinchinensis, de competitividad alargada y tardía así como C. rotundus y de especies dicotiledóneas como: K. maxima. Las rotaciones influyen sobre el nivel de enmalezamiento, siendo más bajo en la rotación sorgo-sorgo y pepino-soya que en las demás rotaciones. En cuanto a rendimiento los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en la rotación pepino-sorgo con 3560.330 kg/ha de sorgo y pepino-soya con 2193 kg/ha de soya debido a que el cultivo ejerció un mayor control sobre las maleza.

Efecto de policultivo repollo-tomate sobre la entomofauna del cultivo de repollo

En el estudio realizado en el Valle de Sebaco, durante el periodo de Nov.90 - Mar.91, establecido con el objetivo de determinar el efecto del policultivo: (Repollo Tomate) sobre la entomofauna del cultivo de repollo (Brassica oleracea L.), sobre la calidad y rendimiento del repollo, cuyos tratamientos comprendieron monocultivo (Repollo­ Repollo) y policultivo (Repollo-Tomate) en dos diferentes modalidades de siembra (Tiempo: 10, 30 Dias Antes del Transplante, y espacio: surco, cama). Las poblaciones de P.xylostella fueron menores en policultivo, sin embargo sobre el resto de poblaciones de insectos (Diabrotica sp., áfidos, y Creontiades sp.) este sistema de asocio no tuvo efecto reductor. Ofreciendo igual protección de este defoliador al cultivo de repollo en las dos modalidades de siembra en estudio (tiempo y espacio). En la incidencia de insectos benéficos como: Arañas, D.insulare fueron iguales, en ambos sistemas de siembra, solo las poblaciones de Polybia sp. fueron Superiores en monocultivo, sin embargo al establecer una relación de insecto plagas (P. xyylostella) por insecto benéfico estos fueron superiores en policultivo lo que permitió ser un mecanismo de control de P, xylostella en el cultivo de repollo. de igual manera el porcentaje de parasitismo de D. insular e fue de 31.87% en monocultivo y de 34.72% para poliCultivo permitiendo este sistema de siembra un aumento en los enemigos naturales los que son un mecanismo de control de P. xylostella. El cultivo de tomate ejerce protección al cultivo de repollo de las plagas defoliadoras lo que permite obtener• una mejor calidad de cabezas con menor cantidad de área foliar dañada siendo del 20%, un porcentaje de cabezas formadas de 74% y peso de 1.10kg. lo que permite incrementar los rendimientos del cultivo de repollo. El Cultivo de tomate en sus dos modalidades de siembra permite obtener similares ingresos, y permite incrementar los rendimiento en el sistema de siembra en policultivo.

Teología, 1989, Tomo XXVI nº 054 (número completo)

Las “juntas eclesiásticas” durante el episcopado de Fray Juan de Zumarraga (1528-1548). Algunas precisiones históricas / Fernando Gil -- María, la mujer y la Iglesia: los tres nombres de la humanidad redimida / Antonio Marino -- La mujer en la Iglesia. Aspectos pastorales / Gerardo T. Farrell -- La iniciación cristiana hoy en América Latina. Problemáticas, desafíos y perspectivas -- Crónica de la facultad -- Notas bibliográficas -- Índice Volumen XXVI

牙根尖区应力分布的三维有限元计算

本文应用三维有限元分析了牙周膜的应力分布。重点讨论了根尖区应力分析结果及其对临床解释病因及对诊断的意义。本文将右下第一恒磨牙有限元模型划分为210个单元及1612个节点(用20节点等参元),分析了11种典型受力状况,得出以下结论:(1)在(牙合)面上通过牙周膜几何中心的各种外力在根尖区产生的应力分布均匀,且应力值较小,无拉应力产生;(2)在计算的11种典型载荷中有三种载荷应力分布危害性最大。

Aspectos institucionais da política monetária

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VII - Sistema Financeiro, Direito Comercial, Direito Econômico, Defesa do Consumidor.

Interim report on the ground-water resources of Manatee County, Florida

A large part of western Manatee County is devoted to the growing of winter vegetables and citrus fruits. As in most of peninsular Florida, rainfall in the county during the growing season is not sufficient for crop production and large quantites of artesian water are used for irrigation. The large withdrawals of artesian water for irrigation result in a considerable decline of the artesian head in the western part of the county. This seasonal decline of the artesian head has become larger as the withdrawal of artesian water has increased. The lowering of the fresh-water head in some coastal areas in the State has resulted in an infiltration of sea water into the water-bearing formations. The presence of salty water in the artesian aquifer in parts of the coastal area of Manatee County indicates that sea water may also have entered the waterbearing formations in this area as a result of the decline of artesian pressure during the growing season. The purpose of the investigation is to make a detailed study of the geology and ground-water resources of the county, primarily to determine whether salt-water encroachment has occurred or is likely to occur in the coastal area. (PDF contains 38 pages.)

Remote Sensing of Giant Reed with QuickBird Satellite Imagery

QuickBird high resolution (2.8 m) satellite imagery was evaluated for distinguishing giant reed ( Arundo donax L.) infestations along the Rio Grande in southwest Texas. (PDF has 5 pages.)

Imagem da vida christam : ordenada per dialogos, como membros de sua composiçam

Frei Heitor Pinto nasceu em covilhã, Portugal, em 1528, e morreu em Toledo, Espanha, em 1584. Foi um dos mais eminentes escritores do seu tempo, sendo, atualmente, considerado um dos clássicos portugueses.

双掺杂LiNbO3：Fe：Ru晶体的全息读出特性

为了解决读出过程中全息数据的擦除问题，研究了新型双掺杂LiNbOa：Fe：Ru晶体的全息读出特性。分析了双中心和单中心记录方案光栅的读出特性，并联立双中心物质方程和耦合波方程进行了模拟计算。结果表明，双中心记录所得到的饱和全息的读出时间常数远低于LiNbO2：Fe：Mn晶体的读出时间常数；单色光记录可以实现有效的全息，且其读出时间常数远大于记录时间常数，表现为准态非挥发读出。分析表明，这可能由于Ru的能级比Mn更靠近Fe，更易被红光激发，从而使得双中心记录所得饱和光栅的存贮持久性降低；单色光记录中红光能够

Optoelectronic quotient-selected modified signed-digit division

A novel optoelectronic quotient-selected modified signed-digit division technique is proposed. This division method generates one quotient digit per iteration involving only one shift operation, one quotient selection operation and one addition/subtraction operation. The quotient digit can be selected by observing three most significant digits of the partial remainder independent of the divisor. Two algorithms based on truth-table look-up and binary logic operations are derived. For optoelectronic implementation, an efficient shared content-addressable memory based architecture as well as compact logic array processor based architecture with an electron-trapping device is proposed. Performance evaluation of the proposed optoelectronic quotient-selected division shows that it is faster than the previously reported convergence division approach. Finally, proof-of-principle experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.