973 resultados para B ... n C ... f.
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Guanidine derived six-membered C,N] palladacycles of the types (C,N)Pd(mu-OC(O)R)](2) (1a-d), (C,N)Pd(mu-Br)](2) (2a,b), cis-(C,N)PdBr(L)] (3a-d, 4, and 5), and ring contracted guanidine derived five-membered C,N] palladacycle, (C,N)PdBr(C NXy)] (6) were prepared in high yield following the established methods with a view aimed at understanding the influence of the substituents on the aryl rings of the guanidine upon the solid state structure and solution behaviour of palladacycles. Palladacycles were characterised by microanalytical, IR, NMR and mass spectral data. The molecular structures of 1a, 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3c, 3d, and 4-6 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Palladacycles 1a and 1c were shown to exist as a dimer in transoid in-in conformation in the solid state but as a mixture of a dimer in major proportion and a monomer (kappa(2)-O,O'-OAc) in solution as deduced from H-1 NMR data. Palladacycles 2a and 2b were shown to exist as a dimer in transoid conformation in the solid state but the former was shown to exist as a mixture of a dimer and presumably a trimer in solution as revealed by a variable temperature H-1 NMR data in conjunction with ESI-MS data. The cis configuration around the palladium atom in 3a, 3c, and 3d was ascribed to steric influence of the aryl moiety of =NAr unit and that in 4-6 was ascribed to antisymbiosis. The solution behaviour of 3d was studied by a variable concentration (VC) H-1 NMR data.
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Se evaluó la diversidad, estructura y fenología de la flora en las áreas verdes del Aeropuerto Internacional Augusto C. Sandino con el fin de determinar las especies que son atractivas para fauna silvestre de peligro para la aviacin, sea por que les provee de alimento o de refugio y hábitat. Y por otro lado, brindar recomendaciones sobre especies con potencial para formar parte de las reas verdes del aeropuerto. Para ello, se establecieron parcelas anidadas de 2 x 2 m, 5 x 5 m y 10 x 10 m en las cuales se tomaron los datos en los estratos herbceos, arbustivos y arbreos respectivamente. Las parcelas se establecieron aleatoriamente en tres sitios dentro del aeropuerto: en el bosque seco al oeste del aeropuerto (BSO), en la Fuerza Aérea (FA) y en el área verde alrededor de la pista de aterrizaje (AVP). Dentro de las parcelas se contaron 117 árboles en todos los sitios, los cuales estaban agrupados en 11 especies, 10 gneros, 8 familias y 4 rdenes. Las especies arbóreas de mayor densidad fueron: Calycophyllum candidissimum(450 individuos/ ha), Albizia niopides (344), Azadirachta indica (289) y Senna siamea (261) y el sitio que presento mayor diversidad y densidad de árboles fue FA. Fueron contados 36 individuos de arbustos, pertenecientes a las especiesCapsicum annum (1) yLantana camara (35). En cuanto a especies herbáceas se contaron 11,845 individuos dentro de las unidades de muestreo, agrupados en 28 especies, 23 gneros, 14 familias y 13 órdenes, siendo el AVP el sitio que registr mayor diversidad y densidad de las mismas. Las especies herbceas con mayores densidades fueron Cenchrus brownii (256,282.05 individuos/ha), Cynodon dactylon (141,538.46), Digitaria decumbens(106,794.87), Bothriochloa pertusa(51,282.05), Elytaria imbricada (38,846.15) y Panicum maximum (30,192.31). De las 41 especies vegetales, se determinó la fenología completa para 3, de estas, 6 (�9.35%) florecen y fructifican todo el ao:Cordia dentata, Boerhavia erecta, Chamaesyce hyssopifolia, Eleucine indica, Melanthera nivea y Rhynchosia minima. Entre las especies arbóreas mayormente atractivas para la fauna silvestre se determinaron: Albizia niopoides, Manguifera indica, Spondias mombin, Cordia dentata, Guazuma ulmifoliay Calycophyllum candidissimum al ser considerados proveedores de alimentos y refugio a la fauna silvestre, por sus frutos, flores con abundante néctar, copas con poca obstrucción visual (alta densidad de hojas) y ramificaciones horizontales propias para el perchaje de las aves de alto tamao. Dentro de la vegetacin herbceas se determinaron especies como Tridax procumbensy Tribulus terrestis formando densos tapetes de vegetación con flores atractivas para insectos en el período seco, los cuales a la vez eran focos de atracción para aves insectvoras como: Hirundus rustica (Golondrinas), Quiscalus mexicanus (Zanate), Molotrus aeneus (Tordos), Egretta thula (Garza blanca) que permanecen en las áreas verdes alrededor de la pista de aterrizaje y que peligran colisionar con los aviones. Por otra parte, las especies de la familia Poaceae fueron registradas como proveedoras de granos a las aves del grupo de las Columbidae (Palomas). Especies de gramneas de gran porte como Panicum maximum, P. antidotale, Sorgum halapensis, además de poseer semillas grandes (>0.3 cm), formaban corredores por donde se desplazan mamífero medianos, reptiles y aves. Dentro del mismo áreas se determinaron dos especies (B. pertusay C. dactylon) que por su baja estatura (menos de 0.3 m), reproducción vegetativa y semillas muy pequea o ausentes, son ideales para establecer en los alrededores de la pista de aterrizaje. Mediante un ensayo se evaluó su establecimiento, el cual resulto satisfactorio al competir y ganar espacio ante otras monocotiledones y dicotiledonesas, principalmente C. dactylon
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在中国北方大部分地区,水分始终是影响植物生长和分布的最主要限制性因子之一,植物在其生长期经常遭受水分胁迫。不仅如此,随着大气同温层中臭氧浓度的减少,过量的有害紫外辐射(主要是UV-B,280nm-320nmUV-B和水分胁迫的共同作用。 (Spiraea pubescens)UV-B9.4kJm-217%UV-BUV-B辐射对土庄绣线菊水分生理、氮素利用以及形态特征的影响。具体对以下指标进行测定:叶片的气孔导度、碳同位素比率(δ13 C)、叶含水量、叶面积、水分利用效率(WUE)、叶全氮含量、叶氮素再吸收率。 UV-B50.1%(102%)50.9%。同时,UV-B辐射还在一定程度上(尽管统计显示不显著)降低了气孔导度(16.1%)CO2CO2(Ci/Ca) (4.0%)、提高了碳同位素比率(δ13 C)(20.5)、叶含水量(3.1%)及比叶重(SLW)(5.2%),从而导致水分利用效率(WUE)的增加(4.1%),植物的抗旱能力增强。值得注意的是,深层土壤(30-40cmδ13 CWUE69月),气孔导度、δ13 C、WUE这些指标处理和对照的差异很小,但是当土壤水分充足时(78UV-B的效应变得不显著。相关分析表明,UV-B辐射降低了土壤含水量(30-40cmδ13 CCi/Ca、气孔导度的相关系数,增强了WUE与土壤含水量的相关性,这也许是由于UV-B辐射增强了WUE对土壤水分变化的敏感性。本研究的结果表明UV-B辐射对土庄绣线菊的形态和生长有显著的影响,但对主要水分生理指标影响不显著。
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UV radiation is one of many harmful factors found in space that are detrimental to organisms on earth in space exploration. In the present work, we examined the role of antioxidant system in Nostoc sphaeroides Kutz (Cyanobacterium) and the effects of exogenously applied antioxidant molecules on its photosynthetic rate under UV-B radiation. It was found that UV-B radiation promoted the activity of antioxidant system to protect photosystem 11 (PSII) and exogenously applied antioxidant: sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) had an obvious protection on PSII activity under UV-B radiation. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and content of NIDA (malondialdehyde) and ASC (ascorbate) were improved by 0.5 mM and 1 mM SNP, but 0.1 mM SNP decreased the activity of antioxidant system. Addition of exogenous NAC decreased the activity of SOD, POD, CAT and the content MDA and ASC. In contrast, exogenously applied NAC increased GSH content. The results suggest that exogenous SNP and NAC may protect algae by different mechanisms: SNP may play double roles as both sources of reactive free radicals as well as ROS scavengers in mediating the protective role of PSII on algae under UV-B radiation. On the other hand, NAC functions as an antioxidant or precursor of glutathione, which could protect PSII directly from UV-B radiation. (c) 2007 COSPAR, Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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In this study, we found that UV-B radiation decreased photosynthetic activity and boosted lipid peroxidation of desert Nostoc sp., and exogenous chemicals (ascorbate acid (ASC), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) had obvious protective effects on photosynthesis and membranes under UV-B radiation. High-concentration SNP boosted the activities of antioxidant enzymes, but low-concentration SNP reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Both NAC and ASC treatments of cells decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes. The results suggested that those chemicals possibly had different mechanisms of protection of algae cells against UV-B radiation. SNP might play double roles as a signal molecule in the formation of algae cell protection of Photosystem 11 under UV-B radiation and as a (reactive oxygen species) scavenger, while NAC and ASC might function as antioxidant reagents or precursors of other antioxidant molecules, which could protect cells directly against ROS initiated by UV-B radiation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Using time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements, we have studied the exciton localization effect in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wire (QWR) structures formed in corrugated narrow InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) grown on (553)B GaAs substrate. The PL decay time in the QWR structure was found to be independent of the temperature for T < 70 K, showing a typical dynamical behavior of the localized excitons. This result is in striking contrast to the corresponding quantum well structures, where a linear increase of the PL decay time was observed. In addition, an increase of the exciton lifetime was observed at low temperature for the QWR structure as compared to a reference InGaAs/GaAs quantum well sample (1200 vs 400 ps). The observed longer decay time was attributed to the reduction in the spatial coherence of excitons in the QWR-like structure. In PL measurements, a significant polarization anisotropy was also found in our narrow InGaAs/GaAs QWs grown on (553)B GaAs. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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本研究克隆了柞蚕核型多角体病毒(Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirusApNPV)基因组pstⅠ-Bpst-Cpst-J三个片段,测序分析了pstⅠ-Bpst-Cpst-J片段一端序列。ApNPV pstⅠ-C6663 bp,包括9ORF2ORFApNPV pst-B片段长7406 bp5ORF2个不完整ORF。ApNPV pstⅠ-J954 bplef-12p47gta21个ApNPV ORF序列,其中20ApNPV50%。编码ORF同源性分析及克隆片断ORF组成、基因排列顺序分析表明ApNPVNPVOpMNPVCfMNPVCfDefNPVEppoNPV 本研究克隆了ApNPV B-ORF6L、ptp-1ptp-2lef-12 ApNPV ptp-1lef-12B-ORF6Lptp-2ApNPV B-ORF6Lptp-2SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析表明:PTP-2B-ORF6L融合表达分子量较预测的分子量偏大。以原核表达的B-ORF6L、PTP-2B-ORF6L和PTP-2ApNPVB-ORF6LODVApNPVPTP-2不参病毒结构组成。 分子系统发育分析表明,杆状病毒分为4ApNPV属于鳞翅目NPV第Ⅰ类群,与OpMNPV、CfMNPV、CfDefNPVEppoNPV关系较近,与AcMNPV、RoMNPV、BmNPV
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高等植物种子胚乳贮藏蛋白是种子发芽时的主要氮源,也是人类和动物食用植物蛋白的主要来源。大麦种子胚乳贮藏蛋白主要是醇溶蛋白(hordeins5060%(B,γ-hordeins)、贫硫蛋白亚类(C-hordeins)(D-hordeins)B组和C70–80%和1012%B、CD-1H5Hor2、Hor1Hor3Hor5位点编码。Hor2BB-hordeinB-hordeinB-hordeinHor2位点基因表达的发育调控机制,最终达到改良禾谷类作物籽粒品质的目的,本研究以青藏高原青稞为材料,采用同源克隆法,分别克隆B-hordeinB-hordeinPCRB-hordein 1. 以具有特殊B组醇溶蛋白亚基组成的9GenBankB-hordeinGenBank No. X03103, X53690X53691PCR23个B-hordein1111个克隆可能是假基因。推测的氨基酸序列分析表明,所有大麦B-hordeinC-Z072Z26B-hordeins仅具有12B-hordeins聚类成一个亚家族,来自野生大麦的B-hordeins以及普通小麦的LMW-GS聚类成另外一个亚家族,表明这两个亚家族的成员存在显著差异。此外,我们发现B-hordeinC-C-末端序列的B-hordeinBXQ053BZ09-1BZ26-5B组醇溶蛋白基因家族成员进行分类,避免了在SDS-PAGE 2. 根据上述克隆的青稞B-hordein5’端序列设计三条基因特异的反向引物,以青稞Z09和Z26的基因组DNA为模板,采用SON-PCRTAIL-PCR技术分离克隆出8B-hordeinZ09PZ26P)。序列分析表明,推测的TATA box80 bpCAATlike box140 bpZ09PZ26P中有六个序列在–300 bp处均存在一个由高度保守的EMGCN4基序构成的胚乳盒(Endosperm BoxEB)560 bpZ09P-2Z26P-3 3. 将B-hordeinpET-30a中,将其导入大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21中进行外源基因的诱导表达以验证所克隆基因的功能。结果表明仅含重组子pET-BZ07-2pET-BZ26-5BL21细菌有目的表达蛋白产生。在诱导3 h时的蛋白表达量最高;3 mM IPTG诱导的蛋白表达量要高于1 mM IPTG诱导的表达量。这为分离纯化B-hordein 4. 根据从青稞Z09和Z26中分离克隆的B-hordein-GenBank no. U40042PCR4个胚乳发育时间段的B-hordeinB-hordeinZ09B-hordein7天开始转录,而Z26开花4B-hordeinZ26B-hordeinZ09Z09B-hordein4Z26B-hordeinZ091218天的过程中,Z09和Z26中B-hordeinHor2位点的B-hordeinmRNA的差异表达。 Seed endosperm storage proteins in higher plants are the main resources of nitrogen for germinating and plant proteins for human and animals. Barley prolamins (also called hordeins) are the major storage proteins in the endosperm and account for 5060% of total proteins. Hordeins are classically divided into three groups: sulphur-rich (B, γ-hordeins), sulphur-poor (C-hordeins) and high molecular weight (HMW, D-hordeins) hordeins based on the size and composition. B-hordeins and C-hordeins are two major groups and each respectively account for about 70-80% and 10-12% of the total hordein fraction in barley endosperm. Genetic analysis showed that B-, C-, C-, -hordeins are encoded by Hor2, Hor1, Hor3 and Hor5 locus on the chromosome 1H (5). Hor2 locus is rich in alleles that encode numerous heterogeneous B-hordein polypeptides. It is reported that B-hordein species, quantity and distribution are significant factors affecting malting, food and feed quality of barley. To understand comprehensively the structure and organization of B-hordein gene family in hull-less barley and explore the developmental control mechanisms of Hor2 locus gene expression and eventually to better exploitation in crop grain quality improvement, we isolated and cloned B-hordein genes and promotors of hull-less barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by PCR, and testified their expression founction in bacteria expression system and explore their spatial and temporal expression pattern by quantitative real time PCR. Our results are as followed, 1. Twenty-three copies of B-hordein gene were cloned from nine hull-less barley cultivars of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with special B-hordein subunits and molecularly characterized by PCR, based on three B-hordein genes published previously (GenBank No. X03103, X53690 and X53691). DNA sequences analyses confirmed that the six clones all contained a full-length coding region of the barley B-hordein genes. Eleven clones all contain an in-frame stop codon and they are probably pseudogenes. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of the genes shows that they have similar structures including signal peptide domain, central repetitive domain, and C-terminal domain. The number of the repeats was largerly variable and resulted in polypeptides in different sizes or structures among the genes. Twelve such repeated motifs were found in Z072 and Z26, and they are close to those of the wild barleys, and it is most probably caused by unequal crossing-over and/or slippage during replication as suggested for the evolution of other prolamins. The relatedness of prolamin genes of barley and wheat was assessed in the phylogenetic tree based on their polypeptides comparison. Our phylogenetic analysis suggested that the predicted B-hordeins of cultivated barley formed a subfamily, while the B-hordeins of wild barleys and the two most similar sequences of LMW-GS of T. aestivum formed another subfamily. This result indicated that the members of the two subfamilys have a distinctive difference. In addition, we found the B-hordeins with identical C-terminal end sequences were clustered into a same subgroup (except BXQ053BZ09-1 and BZ26-5 as a sole group, respectively), so we believe that B-hordein gene subfamilies possibly can be classified on the basis of the conserved C-terminal end sequences of predicted polypeptide and without the limit of SDS-PAGE protein banding patterns. 2. The specific primers were designed according to the published sequences of barley B-hordein genes from Z09 and Z26. Using total DNA isolated from them as the templates, eight clones (designated Z09Pand Z26P) of upstream sequences of the known B-hordein genes was obtained by TAIL-PCR and SON-PCR. Sequences analysis shows that the putative TATA box was present at position –80 bp and CAAT-like box at position 140 bp. Besides, a putative Endosperm Box including an Endosperm Motif (EM) and a GCN4-Like Motif was found at position –300 bp in six clones, and another Endosperm-like box was found at positon 560 bp. While the Endosperm Box or Endosperm-like box was not found in Z09P-2 and Z26P-3. This may indicate that gene expression drived by the two promtors was probably controlled by different trans-acting factors and the genetic control mechanism of corresponding gene expression may be diverse. 3. The B-hordein genic region coding for the mature peptide was cloned into expression vector pET-30a and transformed into bacterial strain BL21 for identifying gene expression fountion. Protein SDSPAGE analysis showed that only the transformed lysate with the pET-BZ07-2 and pET-BZ26-5 constructs produced proteins related to B-group hordeins of barley, and the mounts of proteins induced by 3 mM IPTG and 3 h were higher than other conditions. This established a base for isolating and putifying B-hordein and further exploring their effects on barley grain quality. 4. The gene-specific primers of B-hordein genes from Z09 and Z26 were used for the quantification of B-hordein gene expression. The α-tubulin gene from Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare (GenBank accession number U40042) was used as a control gene. The result shows the transcription of the B-hordein genes in Z09 was found 7 days after flowering, while the transcription of the B-hordein genes in Z26 was found 4 days after flowering, but at a very low level, and it suggested that the B-hordein genes in Z26 probably expressed earlier than those in Z09, or the B-hordein genes in Z09 expressed at so a lower level than Z26 that it can not detected. In addition, B-hordein genes in Z26 accession showed higher expression levels than those in Z09 in four developing stages. Furthermore, a progressive increase in the expression levels of the B-hordein genes between 12 and 18 days after anthesis was observed in both Z09 and Z26. It implies that the B-hordein allelic variants encoded by Hor2 locus exist the differential expression in mRNA levels of during barley endosperm development.
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By using a combinatorial screening method based on the self-consistent field theory (SCFT) for polymer systems, the micro-phase morphologies of the H-shaped (AC)B(CA) ternary block copolymer system are studied in three-dimensional (3D) space. By systematically varying the volume fractions of the components A, B, and C, six triangle phase diagrams of this H-shaped (AC)B(CA) ternary block copolymer system with equal interaction energies among the three components are constructed from the weaker segregation regime to the strong segregation regime, In this study, thirteen 3D micro-phase morphologies for this H-shaped ternary block copolymer system are identified to be stable and seven 3D microphase morphologies are found to be metastable.
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By using a combinatorial screening method based on the self-consistent field theory, we investigate the equilibrium morphologies of linear ABCBA and H-shaped (AB)(2)C(BA)(2) block copolymers in two dimensions. The triangle phase diagrams of both block copolymers are constructed by systematically varying the volume fractions of blocks A, B, and C. In this study, the interaction energies between species A, B, and C are set to be equal. Four different equilibrium morphologies are identified, i.e., the lamellar phase (LAM), the hexagonal lattice phase (HEX), the core-shell hexagonal lattice phase (CSH), and the two interpenetrating tetragonal lattice phase (TET2). For the linear ABCBA block copolymer, the reflection symmetry is observed in the phase diagram except for some special grid points, and most of grid points are occupied by LAM morphology. However, for the H-shaped (AB)(2)C(BA)(2) block copolymer, most of the grid points in the triangle phase diagram are occupied by CSH morphology, which is ascribed to the different chain architectures of the two block copolymers. These results may help in the design of block copolymers with different microstructures.
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A new method for the preparation of polyalkyl and polyarenefullerene derivatives C-60(RH)(n)(R=Bu,n=1-3; R=Ph,n=1-10) by the reaction of C-60 with organotin hydride in toluene is described. Another series of products of stannanes R(a)Sn(b)H(c) (R=Bu, a=3-8, b=1-4, c=0-3 R=Ph, a=3-11, b=1-5, c=0-4) were also obtained, which shows that C-60 can catalyze polymerization of organic-tin. These products were determined by mass and infrared spectrometry. And the possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
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12X6(2.0/100M)X1(2.05℃/100M)外,其它十口井的现地温梯度均小于2/100M。塔里木盆地的现地温梯度是较低的。3BA地区古地温梯度偏低半呈下降的趋势:塔B地区古生代隆起区古地温梯度为3.5℃/100M3.0/100M2.5-2.7/100M2.0-2.2/100MAC地区:古生代隆起区的古地温梯度为3.5℃/100M3.0/100M2.5/100M,新生代为2.0-2.2/100M,今地温梯度为2.0℃/100M4)古地温拟合计算结果表明:塔B地区志留系至二叠系地层基本被剥蚀,有的部位下古地层也遭到部分剥蚀。寒武-3000-4000522-342Ma90%3-12-湿气阶段。塔A-2000-4000511-362Ma404-40Ma30%3-?),至今部分生油岩处于生气阶段。由于受加里东和海西运动的影响,塔AB-二叠系一般在第三纪开始生油,生油期普遍较短。相对塔B和塔AC-奥陶系总厚度范围为2100-8200米,因此生油层的生油期持续时间很长。寒武系底的生油期从中寒武世到石炭纪(536.5-305Ma439.5-16.5Ma-湿气到干气阶段。石炭、二叠、三叠及侏罗系生油层目前大都处于“生油窗”内。总之,本区是塔AB5)通过对有机包裹体类型和荧光性质的鉴定、数量的统计、以及盐水溶液包裹体均一温度的测定,可以初步了解有机质热演化程度及含油气情况。6TmaxTmax失去指示成熟度的作用。原油和生油岩生物标志化合物反映的成熟度基本上与其它指标一致,因此在缺乏反射率资料的地区,可用生物标志化合物近似反映成熟度的变化。
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UNLABELLED: Amplification of the MET oncogene is associated with poor prognosis, metastatic dissemination, and drug resistance in many malignancies. We developed a method to capture and characterize circulating tumor cells (CTC) expressing c-MET using a ferromagnetic antibody. Immunofluorescence was used to characterize cells for c-MET, DAPI, and pan-CK, excluding CD45(+) leukocytes. The assay was validated using appropriate cell line controls spiked into peripheral blood collected from healthy volunteers (HV). In addition, peripheral blood was analyzed from patients with metastatic gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, bladder, renal, or prostate cancers. CTCs captured by c-MET were enumerated, and DNA FISH for MET amplification was performed. The approach was highly sensitive (80%) for MET-amplified cells, sensitive (40%-80%) for c-MET-overexpressed cells, and specific (100%) for both c-MET-negative cells and in 20 HVs. Of 52 patients with metastatic carcinomas tested, c-MET CTCs were captured in replicate samples from 3 patients [gastric, colorectal, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC)] with 6% prevalence. CTC FISH demonstrated that MET amplification in both gastric and colorectal cancer patients and trisomy 7 with gain of MET gene copies in the RCC patient. The c-MET CTC assay is a rapid, noninvasive, sensitive, and specific method for detecting MET-amplified tumor cells. CTCs with MET amplification can be detected in patients with gastric, colorectal, and renal cancers. IMPLICATIONS: This study developed a novel c-MET CTC assay for detecting c-MET CTCs in patients with MET amplification and warrants further investigation to determine its clinical applicability. Mol Cancer Res; 14(6); 539-47. 2016 AACR.
Resumo:
HSP70 chaperones mediate protein folding by ATP-dependent interaction with short linear peptide segments that are exposed on unfolded proteins. The mode of action of the Escherichia coli homolog DnaK is representative of all HSP70 chaperones, including the endoplasmic reticulum variant BiP/GRP78. DnaK has been shown to be effective in assisting refolding of a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins, including the -helical homodimeric secretory cytokine interferon- (IFN-). We screened solid-phase peptide libraries from human and mouse IFN- to identify DnaK-binding sites. Conserved DnaK-binding sites were identified in the N-terminal half of helix B and in the C-terminal half of helix C, both of which are located at the IFN- dimer interface. Soluble peptides derived from helices B and C bound DnaK with high affinity in competition assays. No DnaK-binding sites were found in the loops connecting the -helices. The helix C DnaK-binding site appears to be conserved in most members of the superfamily of interleukin (IL)-10-related cytokines that comprises, apart from IL-10 and IFN-, a series of recently discovered small secretory proteins, including IL-19, IL-20, IL-22/IL-TIF, IL-24/MDA-7 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene), IL-26/AK155, and a number of viral IL-10 homologs. These cytokines belong to a relatively small group of homodimeric proteins with highly interdigitated interfaces that exhibit the strongly hydrophobic character of the interior core of a single-chain folded domain. We propose that binding of DnaK to helix C in the superfamily of IL-10-related cytokines may constitute the hallmark of a novel conserved regulatory mechanism in which HSP70-like chaperones assist in the formation of a hydrophobic dimeric "folding" interface.