Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio sobre aspectos endócrino-metabólicos cerebrais em ratos diabéticos aloxânicos

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas zigomáticas, utilizando-se de miniplacas e parafusos do sistema de 1,5mm: estudo clínico-radiográfico em humanos

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Implicações do uso de recptores GPS de navegação sem conhecimento de suas limitações e configurações básicas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Histomorfometria ovariana de felinos domésticos (Felis catus) em distintas faixas etárias

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação microscópica do preparo apical de canais radiculares curvos pela instrumentação manual rotatória e mecanizada rotatória e oscilatória utilizando o sistema Protaper Universal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência do tamanho da ninhada sobre o declínio cognitivo e a morfologia microglial da camada molecular do giro denteado em rattus novergicus

Tem sido proposto que o envelhecimento está associado à alteração inflamatória no sistema nervoso central de roedores, mas não se sabe se as mudanças microgliais induzidas pelo envelhecimento são afetadas pelo ambiente pós-natal associado ao tamanho da ninhada. Por outro lado a camada molecular do giro denteado tem sido reconhecida como o alvo principal do input da via perfurante cuja integridade sináptica é essencial para formação de memória da identidade e da localização espacial de objetos. No presente trabalho investigamos se as mudanças morfológicas microgliais induzidas pelo envelhecimento são influenciadas por mudanças no tamanho da ninhada no início da vida. Para avaliar essas questões, ratos da variedade Wistar amamentados em ninhadas de 6 ou 12 filhotes por nutriz foram mantidos sedentários em grupos de 2-3 do 21o dia pós-natal em diante. Aos 4 (adulto) ou aos 23 (velho) meses de idade, os animais foram submetidos a testes de memória espacial e de reconhecimento da forma de objetos, sacrificados, perfundidos com fixador aldeídico e tiveram seus cérebros processados para imunomarcação seletiva para microglias/macrófagos com anticorpo anti Iba-1. A seguir uma fração representativa das células imunomarcadas da camada molecular do giro denteado foi reconstruída em três dimensões usando o programa Neurolucida e as características morfológicas de cada célula foram quantificadas com o software Neuroexplorer. Foi encontrado que os animais mantidos em gaiolas padrão de laboratório durante toda a vida apresentaram déficits de memória espacial independente da idade e não importando o tamanho da ninhada. Por outro lado todos os indivíduos idosos não importando o tamanho da ninhada tiveram sua memória de reconhecimento de objeto prejudicada. A análise da morfologia microglial revelou que a área e o perímetro do corpo celular e o volume dos ramos parecem ser afetados mais intensamente pelo envelhecimento e que essa alteração é mais acentuada nos animais de ninhada grande. Além disso, observou-se retração e espessamento dos ramos nos animais velhos em maior proporção nos animais de ninhadas grandes. Tomados em conjunto os resultados sugerem que a memória espacial parece ser mais suscetível ao processo de envelhecimento do que a memória de reconhecimento de objeto e que essas mudanças estão associadas a efeitos distintos sobre o soma e o padrão de ramificação das microglias da camada molecular dos animais maduros e idosos.

Avaliação das células luteais de fêmeas taurinas (Bos taurus taurus) e zebuínas (Bos taurus indicus)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O ensino dos conceitos de área e perímetro através da resolução de problemas

When I set out to attend degree in mathematics was because I believed that mathematics could be taught to students in a way closer to their daily lives, thereby making it a more attractive school discipline, gradually, eliminating its reputation of a difficult school subject. Then, during my observations in supervised, I realized that one of the greatest difficulties in mathematics was related with geometry, in which the concepts of area and perimeter were often confused. Using the methodological tool of problem solving, something to bring the concept to be developed and the cultural context in which the student is in, I developed some educational activities in which, using concrete materials, students were encouraged to construct their own knowledge about the concepts of area and perimeter. Moreover, such activities were designed to place the student as the center of attention in the classroom. The main objective of this work is to encourage and observe how this methodology, based on the solving problem process, can be used within the classroom, to better understand the concepts to be taught, always looking for improvement of the student learning

Elaboração de mapa de susceptibilidade de corridas de massa/detritos e ondas de cheia, aplicado a empreendimentos dutoviários, na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão da Prata (SP)

Given the intense expansion of the industries in Brazil and the discovery of hydrocarbons in the pre-salt layer of the Santos and Campos Basin, there is a need to expand the distribution of oil and gas network in the country. The present work aims to present the development of susceptibility map by two distinct methods of two events (debris flows and full wave), applied to the establishment of pipelines on Ribeirão da Prata Basin. The research area covers two municipalities: São João da Boa Vista and Águas da Prata, in total 145 km2. In the paper was used the methodology proposed by Zaine (2011) for the physiographic subdivision method, which uses geological maps, geomorphological maps, digital terrain models and aerial photographs, used to extract the main elements of the physical environment, as rivers, lines, ridges, tops forms and valley forms and historical processes. Thus, the basin was divided into 11 physiographic zones, considering the following elements: thickness of soil, rock type, geomorphology, amplitude, ridges orientation, erosion occurences and mass movements. Were subsequently performed location maps of dams, that had as main purpose to localize major dams in the study area along with their area and perimeter of the reservoir, and land use map that subdivided the area in woody vegetation, permanent culture, temporary culture and urban area. Along with the preparation of the auxiliar maps was conducted a field campaign with three days and approximately 2 points per km2, which aimed to better understand the physical environment and check the main peculiarities of the study area. Criteria have been established for susceptibility maps physiographic subdivision and land use, and a survey of criteria weights used in each map for both processes under study. For the preparation of susceptibility maps were adopted two different methods, which treat the weighted average and the multiplicand. The weighted average method it is...

Gestión del territorio y proceso de construcción de la ciudad : reacciones y posicionamientos ante la redefinición de la normativa urbanística para las áreas centrales de Rosario

El artículo se refiere a la propuesta de la Secretaría de Planeamiento de la Municipalidad de Rosario para el reordenamiento urbanístico del área central y primer anillo perimetral expuesta públicamente en marzo 2007 y al proceso de discusión previo a su elevación al Concejo Municipal para su tratamiento en la ciudad de Rosario. Se trata de dar cuenta acerca de las dificultades encontradas –y los intereses manifestados– para arribar a una propuesta consensuada acerca de la transformación y futuro de la ciudad y del valor otorgado a su patrimonio construido. En el trabajo a presentar se abordará las siguientes cuestiones: situación en el momento en que se formula la propuesta, la propuesta de reordenamiento urbanístico, los mecanismos de discusión, la reacción de los actores, la oposición del mercado inmobiliario (Cámara Argentina de la Construcción, Asociación de empresarios de la Vivienda, Cámara Inmobiliaria, Colegio de Arquitectos), la opinión y participación de los concejales y del mundo académico, las propuestas de los vecinos y la opinión del comité de expertos convocados para la audiencia pública. El trabajo se basa fundamentalmente en el análisis del discurso de los distintos actores en base notas oficiales, comunicados de prensa, apuntes de reuniones, información periodística, presentaciones escritas ante la audiencia pública, documentos de expertos. Para la interpretación de la dinámica del proceso de construcción de tiene en cuenta la documentación municipal respecto de la dinámica de la construcción en la ciudad en los últimos años, la opinión de economistas especializados en el tema y la opinión de agentes inmobiliarios.

Chronic morphine induces visible changes in the morphology of mesolimbic dopamine neurons.

The mesolimbic dopamine system, which arises in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is an important neural substrate for opiate reinforcement and addiction. Chronic exposure to opiates is known to produce biochemical adaptations in this brain region. We now show that these adaptations are associated with structural changes in VTA dopamine neurons. Individual VTA neurons in paraformaldehyde-fixed brain sections from control or morphine-treated rats were injected with the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. The identity of the injected cells as dopaminergic or nondopaminergic was determined by immunohistochemical labeling of the sections for tyrosine hydroxylase. Chronic morphine treatment resulted in a mean approximately 25% reduction in the area and perimeter of VTA dopamine neurons. This reduction in cell size was prevented by concomitant treatment of rats with naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, as well as by intra-VTA infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In contrast, chronic morphine treatment did not alter the size of nondopaminergic neurons in the VTA, nor did it affect the total number of dopaminergic neurons in this brain region. The results of these studies provide direct evidence for structural alterations in VTA dopamine neurons as a consequence of chronic opiate exposure, which could contribute to changes in mesolimbic dopamine function associated with addiction.

A coupled SPH-DEM model for fluid and solid mechanics of apple parenchyma cells during drying

A coupled SPH-DEM based two-dimensional (2-D) micro-scale single cell model is developed to predict basic cell-level shrinkage effects of apple parenchyma cells during air drying. In this newly developed drying model, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is used to model the low Reynolds Number fluid motions of the cell protoplasm, and a Discrete Element Method (DEM) is employed to simulate the polymer-like cell wall. Simulations results reasonably agree with published experimental drying results on cellular shrinkage properties such as cellular area, diameter and perimeter. These preliminary results indicate that the model is effective for the modelling and simulation of apple parenchyma cells during air drying.

Multilevel determinants of breast cancer survival : association with geographic remoteness and area-level socioeconomic disadvantage

A major priority for cancer control agencies is to reduce geographical inequalities in cancer outcomes. While the poorer breast cancer survival among socioeconomically disadvantaged women is well established, few studies have looked at the independent contribution that area- and individual-level factors make to breast cancer survival. Here we examine relationships between geographic remoteness, area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and breast cancer survival after adjustment for patients’ socio- demographic characteristics and stage at diagnosis. Multilevel logistic regression and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation were used to analyze 18 568 breast cancer cases extracted from the Queensland Cancer Registry for women aged 30 to 70 years diagnosed between 1997 and 2006 from 478 Statistical Local Areas in Queensland, Australia. Independent of individual-level factors, area-level disadvantage was associated with breast-cancer survival (p=0.032). Compared to women in the least disadvantaged quintile (Quintile 5), women diagnosed while resident in one of the remaining four quintiles had significantly worse survival (OR 1.23, 1.27, 1.30, 1.37 for Quintiles 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively).) Geographic remoteness was not related to lower survival after multivariable adjustment. There was no evidence that the impact of area-level disadvantage varied by geographic remoteness. At the individual level, Indigenous status, blue collar occupations and advanced disease were important predictors of poorer survival. A woman’s survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer depends on the socio-economic characteristics of the area where she lives, independently of her individual-level characteristics. It is crucial that the underlying reasons for these inequalities be identified to appropriately target policies, resources and effective intervention strategies.

Occupational and non-occupational risk factors in bladder cancer patients in an industrialized area located in former East-Germany [Berufliche und außerberufliche Risikofaktoren für das Harnblasenkarzinom in einem ehemaligen Industriegebiet der neuen Bundesländer]

Purpose: Several occupational carcinogens are metabolized by polymorphic enzymes. The distribution of the polymorphic enzymes N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2; substrates: aromatic amines), glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1; substrates: e.g., reactive metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1; substrates: small molecules with 1-2 carbon atoms) were investigated. Material and Methods: At the urological department in Lutherstadt Wittenberg, 136 patients with a histologically proven transitional cell cancer of the urinary bladder were investigated for all occupations performed for more than 6 months. Several occupational and non-occupational risk factors were asked. The genotypes of NAT2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 were determined from leucocyte DNA by PCR. Results: Compared to the general population in Middle Europe, the percentage of GSTT1 negative persons (22.1 %) was ordinary; the percentage of slow acetylators (59.6%) was in the upper normal range, while the percentage of GSTM1 negative persons (58.8%) was elevated in the entire group. Shifts in the distribution of the genotypes were observed in subgroups who had been exposed to asbestos (6/6 GSTM1 negative, 5/6 slow acetylators), rubber manufacturing (8/10 GSTM1 negative), and chlorinated solvents (9/15 GSTM1 negative). Conclusions: The overrepresentation of GSTM1 negative bladder cancer patients also in this industrialized area and more pronounced in several occupationally exposed subgroups points to an impact of the GSTM1 negative genotype in bladder carcinogenesis. [Article in German]

Profiles of illicit drug use during annual key holiday and control periods in Australia: Wastewater analysis in an urban, a semi-rural and a vacation area

AIMS: To examine changes in illicit drug consumption between peak holiday season (23 December-3 January) in Australia and a control period two months later in a coastal urban area, an inland semi-rural area and an island populated predominantly by vacationers during holidays. DESIGN: Analysis of representative daily composite wastewater samples collected from the inlet of the major wastewater treatment plant in each area. SETTING: Three wastewater treatment plants. PARTICIPANTS: Wastewater treatment plants serviced approximately 350, 000 persons in the urban area, 120,000 in the semi-rural area and 1100-2400 on the island. MEASUREMENTS: Drug residues were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Per capita drug consumption was estimated. Changes in drug use were quantified using Hedges' g. FINDINGS: During the holidays, cannabis consumption in the semi-rural area declined (g = -2.8) as did methamphetamine (-0.8), whereas cocaine (+1.5) and ecstasy (+1.6) use increased. In the urban area, consumption of all drugs increased during holidays (cannabis +1.6, cocaine +1.2, ecstasy +0.8 and methamphetamine +0.3). In the vacation area, methamphetamine (+0.7), ecstasy (+0.7) and cocaine (+1.1) use increased, but cannabis (-0.5) use decreased during holiday periods. CONCLUSIONS: While the peak holiday season in Australia is perceived as a period of increased drug use, this is not uniform across all drugs and areas. Substantial declines in drug use in the semi-rural area contrasted with substantial increases in urban and vacation areas. Per capita drug consumption in the vacation area was equivalent to that in the urban area, implying that these locations merit particular attention for drug use monitoring and harm minimisation measures.