Análise Bayesiana de dados composicionais na presença de covariáveis

Pós-graduação em Matematica Aplicada e Computacional - FCT

A aglomeração urbana de Piracicaba: uma análise da integração funcional entre os municípios sob a ótica do movimento pendular

The growth area of cities has resulted in a phenomenon of conurbation (or expressing tendency). This correspond to a combine of two or more urban cores, there are formations of conurbations. In this way, there are the formations of urban concentrations and can achieve the step metropolitan or not metropolitan. Besides, this kind of expansion generates many social and environmental problems related about habitation, rubbish, drain, and others. Piracicaba, a city in expansion, recently, shows evidences of conurbation not metropolitan around itself. Like this, the paulista government, at June, 26 of 2012, institutionalized the Urban Concentration of Piracicaba, a regional unity, intending the administration along with 22 cities. However, for this fact, must be taken into account functional integration among urban centers, because the number of municipalities are presented to compose a urban concentration of level not metropolitan. It has checked along this research, according with proposition about 22 cities. Thus, the objective of this research is identify and analyze the functional integration among participating municipalities through the commuting, in other words, the spatial displacement of people, important factor to be taken into account when defining urban concentration. Considering the displacement routine people, the commuting, also aimed identify the flow of public transport intercity travel among the cities of Piracicaba Regional Unity. Then, analyze the criteria used for establish the Piracicaba Regional Unity, if it was considered technical character or if it was prioritized the political character. To conduct this research, it was done the literature review related to the theme and data collection related lines of intercity transportation and often travel with ARTESP and companies responsible for it service

Análise multicriterial aplicado na definição de áreas prioritárias ao uso agrícola da terra da bacia do Rio Capivara, Botucatu, SP

The use of geographic information systems (GIS), combined with advanced analysis technique, enables the standardization and data integration, which are usually from different sources, allowing you to conduct a joint evaluation of the same, providing more efficiency and reliability in the decision-making process to promote the adequacy of land use. This study aimed to analyze the priority areas of the basin agricultural use of the Capivara River, Botucatu, SP, through multicriterial analysis, aiming at conservation of water resources. The results showed that the Geographic Information System Idrisi Selva combined with advanced analysis technique and the weighted linear combination method proved to be an effective tool in the combination of different criteria, allowing the determination of the adequacy of agricultural land use less subjective way. Environmental criteria were shown to be suitable for the combination and multi-criteria analysis, allowing the preparation of the statement of suitability classes for agricultural use and can be useful for regional planning and decision-making by public bodies and environmental agents because the method takes into account the rational use of land and allowing the conservation of hydrics resources.

Análise e aplicação de métodos de modularização no desenvolvimento do produto

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEG

Desenvolvimento do Atlas da Questão Agrária Brasileira: análise da dinâmica territorial recente da agropecuária brasileira (2006-2012) e da participação da agricultura camponesa na produção do campo (2006)

This monograph is part of the works developed in the Scientific Initiation aimed at updating and improving the Atlas of Brazilian Agrarian Question - AQAB. For pioneering and scope of work-matrix, the objective this first part focused on the development of issues related to agricultural production, being drawn maps with data from the Municipal Agricultural Production-PAM 2012; Municipal Livestock Research-PPM 2012; Production of Vegetable Extraction and Forestry-2012, all analyzed from bibliographic review and joint interpretation of tables and graphs. Pari passu, this topic allowed the development of studies on peasant farms, because they are correlated subjects. Peasant farmers produce large portion of the food served to the population. Its features are its mode of production in the field, the way in which the activities take place within the family, the struggle for their social reproduction and by the earth, the practice of polyculture, preservation of the environment and the genetic diversity of species. The surplus production is sold on the market to meet other family demands unmet by production on their properties. We understand that both terms; Peasant or Farmer, refer to the same subject, but with different interpretations of their way of social reproduction and market relations...

Desenvolvimento do Atlas da Questão Agrária Brasileira: análise da dinâmica territorial recente da agropecuária brasileira (2006-2012) e da participação da agricultura camponesa na produção do campo (2006)

This monograph is part of the works developed in the Scientific Initiation aimed at updating and improving the Atlas of Brazilian Agrarian Question - AQAB. For pioneering and scope of work-matrix, the objective this first part focused on the development of issues related to agricultural production, being drawn maps with data from the Municipal Agricultural Production-PAM 2012; Municipal Livestock Research-PPM 2012; Production of Vegetable Extraction and Forestry-2012, all analyzed from bibliographic review and joint interpretation of tables and graphs. Pari passu, this topic allowed the development of studies on peasant farms, because they are correlated subjects. Peasant farmers produce large portion of the food served to the population. Its features are its mode of production in the field, the way in which the activities take place within the family, the struggle for their social reproduction and by the earth, the practice of polyculture, preservation of the environment and the genetic diversity of species. The surplus production is sold on the market to meet other family demands unmet by production on their properties. We understand that both terms; Peasant or Farmer, refer to the same subject, but with different interpretations of their way of social reproduction and market relations...

Análise da composição, abundância e distribuição da comunidade fitoplanctônica nos reservatórios do sistema em cascata do Médio e Baixo rio Tietê/SP

Com a finalidade de atender a demanda energética, muitos reservatórios foram construídos no Brasil e, notadamente na região Sudeste, as construções das barragens não somente atenderam aos usos múltiplos (geração de energia, irrigação, lazer e abastecimento público), como também foram elementos propulsores da economia regional, contribuindo para a expansão das atividades industriais e rurais, bem como, um desordenado crescimento urbano. Em conseqüência da falta de planejamento, áreas naturais foram desmatadas, sendo substituídas por formas de plantio inadequadas e por projetos de especulação imobiliária não condizentes com a sustentabilidade ambiental. No decorrer das últimas décadas, os impactos aumentaram em magnitude e extensão, ocasionando sérios problemas aos recursos hídricos, culminando em conflitos pelo uso da água. Dentro deste contexto, destaca-se o rio Tietê, o qual percorre importantes cidades e extensas áreas rurais no Estado de São Paulo, sendo que, neste longo percurso, recebe a contribuição de diversos tributários (poluídos ou não) e efluentes urbanos, industriais e aqueles derivados de fontes não pontuais, além do processo de fragmentação que foi instalado a partir da construção de inúmeras barragens. De forma conjunta, todos os fatores promoveram alterações significativas no sistema e, procurando avaliar a situação atual dos reservatórios, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa direcionada à análise da composição, densidade e distribuição da comunidade fitoplanctônica e sua relação com as variáveis limnológicas, climatológicas e hidrodinâmicas dos reservatórios da Barra Bonita, Bariri, Ibitinga, Promissão, Nova Avanhandava, Três Irmãos, além dos rios Tietê e Piracicaba e parte do rio Paraná (reservatório de Jupiá e a Jusante do reservatório de Ilha Solteira). Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas nos meses de fevereiro, maio, julho e outubro de 2000 e os resultados obtidos demonstram uma elevada concentração de nutrientes, com redução na seqüência dos reservatórios, além da variabilidade temporal, com efeito significativo da precipitação no transporte de materiais, promovendo alterações no estado trófico de cada sistema. A disponibilidade de nutrientes, transparência da água, vazão e tempo de residência, associados aos fatores climatológicos, foram elementos importantes no estabelecimento das populações, influenciando a composição, densidade e distribuição da comunidade fitoplanctônica, a qual apresentou maior dominância das classes Cyanophyceae e Chlorophyceae, com maior contribuição em densidade e riqueza de espécies, respectivamente.

Análise de segurança de veículo ferroviário de carga em tangente considerando a excitação periódica da via permanente.

Uma ocorrência ferroviária tem danos imprevisíveis, desde um simples atraso do horário do trem enquanto o socorro ferroviário encarrilha o vagão, até prejuízos milionários com grande perda de ativos (material rodante e via permanente) e, em casos extremos, até vidas humanas. Portanto, as ferrovias nacionais sempre buscam maneiras de programar ações que minimizam este risco. Uma das principais ações é estabelecer critérios de manutenção sempre justos. Entretanto, estes critérios geralmente não contemplam de maneira conjunta a dinâmica veicular e a geometria da via permanente. Neste sentido, este trabalho elabora um modelo matemático de um vagão ferroviário de alta capacidade em conjunto com a flexibilidade do suporte da via permanente. O modelo matemático foi validado e considerado satisfatório, a partir da comparação das frequências naturais obtidas no vagão real e na comparação de seu resultado produzido a partir de uma entrada medida com equipamentos de controle de geometria de linha e de medições dinâmicas realizadas por vagão instrumentado. Um método estratégico para análise da segurança do veículo foi sugerida e utilizada mostrando-se capaz de determinar os comprimentos de onda da via permanente que devem ser priorizados na manutenção, bem como na análise da segurança do vagão quando na adoção de restrições de velocidades.

A ASCENSÃO CELESTIAL DE PAULO DE TARSO: ANÁLISE DE 2 CORÍNTIOS 12,1-10 A PARTIR DA HISTÓRIA DA RELIGIÃO E DA NEUROTEOLOGIA

O tema viagem celestial , bem familiar ao mundo mediterrâneo antigo fundamenta-se na crença de que o visionário pode cruzar a fronteira entre a humanidade e a divindade, uma característica constante na literatura apocalíptica. O misticismo judaico antigo era visto como uma importante dimensão dessa tradição, razão pela qual os místicos usaram o termo apocalipse para descrever a revelação de suas experiências. A ascensão de Paulo ao céu, recontada em 2 Cor 12,1-10, é o único relato de primeira mão e a melhor evidência para a prática extática de viagem celestial no judaísmo do primeiro século. De grande interesse nos estudos do Novo Testamento o texto tem sido abordado em forma temática que se estende desde o reconhecimento do apóstolo como agradável à divindade o que lhe rendeu tal feito heróico a uma experiência de punição pelos guardiões dos portões celestiais por não ter sido encontrado nele mérito para aproximar-se do lugar da presença de Deus. Por muito tempo os estudos que predominavam na academia eram os de aspectos teológicos da passagem, tais como o espinho na carne , a missão apostólica , os oponentes de Paulo , entre outros. A linguagem da passagem revela pontos importantes não considerados de forma conjunta para uma interpretação coerente do texto. O uso por parte do apóstolo de expressões do círculo místico-apocalíptico judaico, tais como foi arrebatado , Terceiro Céu , ouviu palavras inefáveis e um espinho na carne precisa ser investigado para a compreensão do que Paulo tinha em mente ao utilizar tais terminologias. Outro problema é a omissão do enfoque experimental descrito na passagem. O apóstolo revela que vivenciou tal experiência recontada em 2 Cor 12,1-10. Ao relatar o desconhecimento do status do seu corpo durante a ascensão ele evidencia sinais do estado alterado de consciência, aspecto não considerado nas análises tradicionais do texto. Esses problemas que são abordados nesta tese tomam como instrumentos da análise a História da Religião e o da Neuroteologia. Modelos foram construídos tentando demonstrar uma correlação entre a atividade cerebral e a experiência mística. Há que se destacar, nesse sentido, que o surgimento da neuroteologia ou neurologia espiritual constitui-se em um avanço na área da experiência religiosa. Pontos de difícil interpretação no texto paulino foram elucidados dentro dessa perspectiva. A proposta deste trabalho, portanto, foi construir um quadro contextual em que a experiência extática de Paulo pudesse ser analisada. O estudo possibilitou inferir que a abordagem interdisciplinar permite alcançar um cenário mais apropriado para a compreensão e interpretação do referido texto.

Estimativas, variabilidade e análise de tendência da evapotranspiração de referência em perímetros irrigados, no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro

The variability / climate change has generated great concern worldwide, is one of the major issues as global warming, which can is affecting the availability of water resources in irrigated perimeters. In the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil it is known that there is a predominance of drought, but it is not enough known about trends in climate series of joint water loss by evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether there is increase and / or decrease evidence in the regime of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), for the monthly, annual and interdecadal scales in irrigated polo towns of Juazeiro, BA (9 ° 24'S, 40 ° 26'W and 375,5m) and Petrolina, PE (09 ° 09'S, 40 ° 22'W and 376m), which is the main analysis objective. The daily meteorological data were provided by EMBRAPA Semiárido for the period from 01.01.1976 to 31.12.2014, estimated the daily ETo using the standard method of Penman-Monteith (EToPM) parameterized by Smith (1991). Other methods of more simplified estimatives were calculated and compared to EToPM, as the ones following: Solar Radiation (EToRS), Linacre (EToL), Hargreaves and Samani (EToHS) and the method of Class A pan (EToTCA). The main statistical analysis were non-parametric tests of homogeneity (Run), trend (Mann-kendall), magnitude of the trend (Sen) and early trend detection (Mann-Whitney). The statistical significance adopted was 5 and / or 1%. The Analysis of Variance - ANOVA was used to detect if there is a significant difference in mean interdecadal mean. For comparison between the methods of ETo, it were used the correlation test (r), the Student t test and Tukey levels of 5% significance. Finally, statistics Willmott et al. (1985) statistics was used to evaluate the concordance index and performance of simplified methods compared to the standard method. It obtained as main results that there was a decrease in the time series of EToPM in irrigated areas of Juazeiro, BA and Petrolina, PE, significant respectively at 1 and 5%, with an annual magnitude of -14.5 mm (Juazeiro) and -7.7 mm (Petrolina) and early trend in 1996. The methods which had better for better agreement with EToPM were EToRS with very good performance, in both locations, followed by the method of EToL with good performance (Juazeiro) and median (Petrolina). EToHS had the worst performance (bad) for both locations. It is suggested that this decrease of EToPM can be associated with the increase in irrigated agricultural areas and the construction of Sobradinho lake upstream of the perimeters.

Análise de microestrutura e de características geotécnicas de misturas de resíduo de polimento de porcelanato e solo

Brazil is a country in development, rich in natural resources. In order to grow sustainably, it is necessary to Brazil to preserve its environment, which is an expressive challenge, especially to industries, such as those producing ceramic materials. This study was developed using Porcelain Tile Polishing Residue (RPP) in blends with soil to build compacted fills. This residue is a slurry generated during the polishing process of porcelain tiles and contains powdery material from the polished tile, the abrasives used during the process and cooling water. The RPP was collected from a private company located in Conde/PB and it was mixed with a sandy-clayey soil, to build the fills. Laboratorial tests were conducted with pure soil, pure RPP and blends in proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of RPP in addition to the dry mass of pure soil. The Chemical and Physical Characterization tests performed were: specific solid weight, grain size distribution, laser analysis of grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, X ray fluorescence, X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and soil compaction,. The materials and blends were also compacted and direct shear tests and plate load tests were performed. Plate load tests were conducted using a circular plate with 30 cm diameter, on specimens of pure soil and 5% blend, compacted in a metallic box inside the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Both mechanical tests performed were conducted under inundated conditions, willing to reduce the influence of soil suction. An evaluation of the results of the tests performed shows that RPP is a fine material, with grain size distribution smaller than 0,015mm, composed mainly of silica and alumina, and particles in angular shape. The soil was characterized as a clayey sand, geologically known as a lateritic soil, with high percentages of alumina and iron oxide, and particles with rounded shape. Both the Soil and the blends presented low plasticity, while the residue showed a medium plasticity. Direct shear tests showed that the addition of RPP did not cause major changes into blends’ friction angle data, however, it was possible to note that, for the proportions studied, that is a tendency of obtain lower shear stresses for higher percentages of RPP in the blends. Both pure soil and 5% mixture showed a punching disruption for the Plate load test. For this same test, the allowable stress for 5% mixture was 44% higher than the pure soil, and smaller vertical settlement results for all stresses.

Análise de microestrutura e de características geotécnicas de misturas de resíduo de polimento de porcelanato e solo

Brazil is a country in development, rich in natural resources. In order to grow sustainably, it is necessary to Brazil to preserve its environment, which is an expressive challenge, especially to industries, such as those producing ceramic materials. This study was developed using Porcelain Tile Polishing Residue (RPP) in blends with soil to build compacted fills. This residue is a slurry generated during the polishing process of porcelain tiles and contains powdery material from the polished tile, the abrasives used during the process and cooling water. The RPP was collected from a private company located in Conde/PB and it was mixed with a sandy-clayey soil, to build the fills. Laboratorial tests were conducted with pure soil, pure RPP and blends in proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of RPP in addition to the dry mass of pure soil. The Chemical and Physical Characterization tests performed were: specific solid weight, grain size distribution, laser analysis of grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, X ray fluorescence, X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and soil compaction,. The materials and blends were also compacted and direct shear tests and plate load tests were performed. Plate load tests were conducted using a circular plate with 30 cm diameter, on specimens of pure soil and 5% blend, compacted in a metallic box inside the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Both mechanical tests performed were conducted under inundated conditions, willing to reduce the influence of soil suction. An evaluation of the results of the tests performed shows that RPP is a fine material, with grain size distribution smaller than 0,015mm, composed mainly of silica and alumina, and particles in angular shape. The soil was characterized as a clayey sand, geologically known as a lateritic soil, with high percentages of alumina and iron oxide, and particles with rounded shape. Both the Soil and the blends presented low plasticity, while the residue showed a medium plasticity. Direct shear tests showed that the addition of RPP did not cause major changes into blends’ friction angle data, however, it was possible to note that, for the proportions studied, that is a tendency of obtain lower shear stresses for higher percentages of RPP in the blends. Both pure soil and 5% mixture showed a punching disruption for the Plate load test. For this same test, the allowable stress for 5% mixture was 44% higher than the pure soil, and smaller vertical settlement results for all stresses.

Análise do grau de proteção do Aquífero Barreiras em perímetros sob fertilização química a partir de dados hidrogeofísicos - área da bacia do Rio Catu-RN

The use of chemical fertilization in arable perimeters provides increased productivity, though it can eventually lead to a qualitative depreciation of groundwater sources, especially if such sources are unconfined in nature. In this context, this thesis presents results from an analysis of the level of natural protection of the Barreiras Aquifer in an area located on the eastern coast of the Rio Grande do Norte State - Brazil. Such an aquifer is clastic in nature and has an unconfined hydraulic character, which clearly makes it susceptible to contamination from surface ground loads with contaminants associated with the leaching of excess fertilizers not absorbed by ground vegetation. The methodology used was based on the use of hydro-geophysical data, particularly inverse models of vertical electrical soundings (VES) and information from well profiles, allowing the acquisition of longitudinal conductance cartographies (S), data in mili-Siemens (mS), and the vulnerability of the aquifer. Such maps were prepared with emphasis to the unsaturated overlying zone, highlighting in particular its thickness and occurrence of clay lithologies. Thus, the longitudinal conductance and aquifer vulnerability reveal areas more susceptible to contamination in the northeast and east-central sections of the study area, with values equal to or less than 10mS and greater than or equal to 0,50, respectively. On the other hand, the southwestern section proved to be less susceptible to contamination, whose longitudinal conductance and vulnerability indices are greater than or equal to 30mS and less than or equal to 0,40, respectively.

Análise do grau de proteção do Aquífero Barreiras em perímetros sob fertilização química a partir de dados hidrogeofísicos - área da bacia do Rio Catu-RN

The use of chemical fertilization in arable perimeters provides increased productivity, though it can eventually lead to a qualitative depreciation of groundwater sources, especially if such sources are unconfined in nature. In this context, this thesis presents results from an analysis of the level of natural protection of the Barreiras Aquifer in an area located on the eastern coast of the Rio Grande do Norte State - Brazil. Such an aquifer is clastic in nature and has an unconfined hydraulic character, which clearly makes it susceptible to contamination from surface ground loads with contaminants associated with the leaching of excess fertilizers not absorbed by ground vegetation. The methodology used was based on the use of hydro-geophysical data, particularly inverse models of vertical electrical soundings (VES) and information from well profiles, allowing the acquisition of longitudinal conductance cartographies (S), data in mili-Siemens (mS), and the vulnerability of the aquifer. Such maps were prepared with emphasis to the unsaturated overlying zone, highlighting in particular its thickness and occurrence of clay lithologies. Thus, the longitudinal conductance and aquifer vulnerability reveal areas more susceptible to contamination in the northeast and east-central sections of the study area, with values equal to or less than 10mS and greater than or equal to 0,50, respectively. On the other hand, the southwestern section proved to be less susceptible to contamination, whose longitudinal conductance and vulnerability indices are greater than or equal to 30mS and less than or equal to 0,40, respectively.

As relações da tríplice hélice no setor da carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte: uma análise a partir das abordagens da imersão social e da dependência de recursos

This work consists in a study of the Shrimp Industry in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, whose central issue relates to the understanding of how the Triple Helix (University, Government and the productive sector) interrelationship limits or expands the industry s innovation process. The study aims to understand how the Triple Helix relationship interferes in the innovation process of shrimp in Rio Grande do Norte. As the knowledge becomes the resource key for production methods, the generation of new technologies, new products and processes which demands joint and integrated action of the institutions comprising the Triple Helix: University, Government and productive sector, which possess the essential resources to innovate the process and can be maximized from cooperative relationships between the referred Institutions. Thus, in this work, it was sharply used the pioneering studies of Sabato and Botana (1968) regarding the cooperation relationship between the scientific-technological sphere, the governmental and the productive base, and studies on the Triple Helix approach, proposed by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000), in which the university has a key role in the process of technological and innovative development of countries and regions, and under which it is assigned to the very University - the character of the entrepreneurial institution, through the concept of entrepreneurial University. Aiming to overcome the criticism of Cooke (2005), regarding the limitations of the Triple Helix approach, in this study it was used - as analytical perspectives - the perspective of social immersion (Granovetter, 1985, 2005) and the theory of resources dependence (PFEFFER; SALANCIK, 1978). The analytical perspectives presented in here, despite of the different assumptions, are essential to eliminate the bias that one only approach can lead (ASTLEY; VAN DE VEM; 2007). The authors arguments focus on the fact that the integration is possible if the researcher acknowledged that different perspectives may have different descriptions of the same phenomenon. As a research strategy, this study is characterized as a study case, along with the proposed objectives - the qualitative method was used as an approach and, depending on the gathering of the sector s historical, a sectional longitudinal view approach was applied (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the sector s evolutionary process and its inter-institutional relations - regarding the shrimp culture in Rio Grande do Norte - to promote the development, as the content was used for the technical analysis (BARDIN, 1977). The approach of social immersion and resources addiction dependence made it possible to understand that relationships are established within and between each sphere (university, government and productive sector) characterizing a network of low density relationships and strongly internal and external dependence. Based on the speech of Etzkowitz and Mello (2006), a successful Triple Helix strategy of innovation requires not only the involvement and commitment of the parts, within the institutional sphere and among them, but also the development of mechanisms to coordinate the multiple and complex interactions and interfaces, focusing on promoting both environment and context for innovation and learning; it can be acknowledge from study results that the shrimp in the State of the RN, although there are several institutional mechanisms to promote greater integration and technological development, has been presented disjointed - both internally and between the spheres - and under no legitimate practice when facing the innovational promotion and integration institutions. Due to those factors, the central institutions of the network are crucial to the promotion of innovations, spreading through their direct contacts the importance factor of the sustainable competitive activity in the world market and on the national level. However, it may be concluded, from the data, that the Triple Helix relations are interfering in a negative way on what concerns the promotion of innovations in the shrimp industry in RN