Estudo observacional sobre os eventos de seca meteorológica e hidrológica na região de Marabá-PA no sudeste da Amazônia Oriental

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os aspectos observacionais dos eventos de seca meteorológica e hidrológica na região de Marabá localizada no sudeste do Pará na Amazônia oriental. Utilizou-se uma base de dados mensais de precipitação e cota no período de 1971 a 2010. Os eventos de seca meteorológica foram selecionados através de índices de precipitação negativa (segundo a metodologia do índice de anomalia de chuva- IAC) e os eventos de seca hidrológica do rio Tocantins foram baseados em índices extremos de cota fluviométrica abaixo do normal (através da metodologia da anomalia padronizada). Para as condições de seca meteorológica, os eventos concentram-se em sua grande maioria nas categorias de seca Fraca (FRA) e Moderada (MOD), com maior frequência de seca FRA nos meses de Fevereiro (38%), Junho (37%) e Dezembro (34%), enquanto que a seca MOD é mais frequente em Agosto (39%), Setembro (42%) e Outubro (32%). Quanto aos eventos de seca hidrológica (cota fluviométrica abaixo do normal) do rio Tocantins, os resultados mostram que a ocorrência mensal dos eventos é aleatória e pode ser observado ao longo de todo ano, independente do mês ser de enchente ou vazante. A duração dos eventos não apresenta regularidade ao longo do período estudado. Quanto à estrutura dinâmica dos padrões oceânicos e atmosféricos de grande escala associados aos eventos de seca meteorológica e hidrológica observaram-se que os eventos estão relacionados com um padrão de aquecimento (El Niño) no Pacífico equatorial e condições de aquecimento no Atlântico tropical norte, cujas condições oceano-atmosféricas de grande escala propiciam a intensificação tanto do ramo descendente zonal da célula de Walker como do ramo descendente meridional da célula de Hadley, que induzem a inibição significativa da atividade convectiva, explicando consequentemente a ocorrência dos eventos de seca na região. Analisou-se também a relação entre os eventos de seca e o registro de focos de calor (queimadas) na região de Marabá, durante os anos de 2000 a 2009, sendo que a correlação em torno de 43% confirma a sinergia entre seca e queimada, ou seja, a floresta torna-se mais inflamável sob condições de déficit hídrico.

Perspectivas da co-geração com resíduos sólidos municipais sob a ótica da gestão ambiental

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

DISTRIBUIÇÃO E POSSÍVEL ORIGEM DE METAIS PESADOS NOS SEDIMENTOS DE FUNDO AO LONGO DA BACIA DO ALTO RIO TIETÊ: APLICAÇÃO DA NORMALIZAÇÃO GEOQUÍMICA SUCESSIVA

As análises das concentrações dos principais metais pesados e respectiva distribuição nos perfis dos sedimentos de fundo do alto rio Tietê foram utilizadas para determinar preliminarmente suas possíveis origens com respeito às frações geoquímicas. O método utilizado envolveu normalizações geoquímicas sucessivas das frações orgânica, carbonática ou ácido solúvel e clástica ou litólica, e ainda outras possivelmente associadas às influências antrópicas. No alto rio Tietê foi possível verificar uma influência possivelmente antrópica nos sedimentos superficiais amostrados juntos às nascentes, associadas aos aportes atmosféricos (atmospheric fallout) e potencial redox, enquanto que em profundidade os metais pesados se apresentaram na fração carbonática ou ácido solúvel. Para a estação de Pirapora, localizada após a cidade de São Paulo, a maioria dos metais pesados estudados se mostrou associado principalmente com a matéria orgânica, enquanto Zn e Co apresentaram características antrópicas dos esgotos domésticos e efluentes industriais.

As chuvas e as massas de ar no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: estudo geográfico com vista à regionalização climática

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Efeitos da exposição aos poluentes do ar com base nas internações por doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias no município de Taubaté, SP

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

Características Termo-Higrométricas em Bairros com Diferentes Padrões Construtivos em Presidente Prudente - SP

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of temperature and air humidity from neighborhoods of Presidente Prudente according to the pattern of land use specific to each of them, over a representative period of winter (July 2011), at different times of day in order to identify the major changes in climatic elements and their causes in urban areas. The work is based mainly on the Monteiro’s theory (1976) of Urban Climate System and for its implementation was used data of temperature and relative humidity of the air in three urban neighborhoods and one rural area. With them, a Chart of Rhythmic Analysis was elaborated for identification of the operating atmospherics systems and basic climate conditions in the period. Were prepared, also, graphs and charts to evaluate and compare the data. There were significant differences in the characteristics of temperature and air humidity between the neighborhoods, especially when compared the urban areas with the rural area

Algumas considerações geográficas sobre as descargas elétricas atmosféricas no Estado de São Paulo

The atmospheric events denominated electric discharges are complexes and represent social, economic and environmental damages. For this research, it was made the bibliographical survey about this matter, mapping, phenomenon and victims analysis that occurred at The State of São Paulo, between 2005/2006

Estrutura térmica de cidades de pequeno e médio porte do interior paulista (1961-2009)

The climate is one of the main elements of the natural environment that governs the life of man. Specific conditions of temperature, humidity, light, wind and precipitation have direct influence on physiological conditions that man needs to survive and more than that, besides the influence on human and animal physiology, the climatic elements are also responsible for a significant portion of economic activities such as industry, agriculture, commerce, transportation, and others. Therefore, any change in weather patterns has great impact on daily activities, and even more in urban sites, where the most of population is concentrated nowadays. Based on this discussion and concerned in understand the atmospheric structure, this monograph intends to analyze the pattern of atmospheric and temperature element in seven cities of small and medium size located in the state of São Paulo countryside... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise de ocorrências dos impactos pluviais na área urbana de Rio Claro (SP)

The Urbanization is a notable process in our society, being part of it since around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia, currently Iraq area. Since the Industrial Revolution, cities had a significant increase in their growth and began to concentrate increasingly labor and capital. Brazil, despite having had a late industrialization, also had a high population growth in cities, especially in the XVIII century, which were not provided with any kind of planning that targets the ordering and implementation of the urban essential apparatus. Therefore, Brazilian cities started to exhibit countless structural and environmental problems. Associated with inadequate infrastructure, the modifications in the urban atmosphere, like increased heat, air pollution and increased rainfall and storm frequency, cause different types of impacts in cities. Among the most worrisome are those from the intense rain, which cause human and material damage. The city of Rio Claro (SP) can be considered an example of this reality. Thereby, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts on the population originated from rainfall in the urban area during the period 2005-2010, by the mapping of events and analysis of the active atmospheric systems. The information of the events were collected in the Fire Department and the Press and the synoptic maps were obtained in the library of INPE, in Cachoeira Paulista (SP) and in the site of the Navy of Brazil. The data showed that among 247 occurrences, during the six years, 233 occurred in the spring-summer period. Moreover, after finalizing the maps, it was found the locations considered critical regarding the frequency of occurrences, as: Visconde do Rio Claro Avenue and central area of the city, both with a total of 23 occurrences; Jardim Inocoop, with 20; Tancredo Neves Avenue, with 12 and Vila Paulista, with 10 occurrences. Through the graphs, it was found that the most recurrent atmospheric system, during the studied period, is...

Poluição atmosférica e paisagem urbana no município de São Paulo

This paper proposes an analysis of two major polluting elements of the atmosphere of São Paulo city, carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). This study was performed through analysis of data on the quality of air, by means of published reports and records obtained by experiment using measuring rate monitor for CO2. Atmospheric data were collected and sorted. From this work it was possible to identify the concentration of carbon dioxide in the center of São Paulo on September 14, 2012 using the infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). From the ratios of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide spatially analyzed could identify major emitters by comparing records of pollutants and their origin. The analysis makes it possible to map the intensity of air pollution in urban areas, identifying the polluting elements, their issuers and thereby contributes to the current understanding of atmospheric features, bringing a geographical spatial analysis of air pollutants in São Paulo, contributing to awareness of vulnerabilities, enabling a useful tool for planning and maintenance of the urban environment related public policies

Entre eventos e episódios: as excepcionalidades das chuvas e os alagamentos no espaço urbano do Rio de Janeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dinâmica pluvial e turismo em Corumbataí - SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Ritmo das chuvas na Bacia do Pardo (SP/MG): reflexos na vazão dos rios Pardo e Mogi-Guaçu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A gênese e a distribuição socioespacial das chuvas no município de Ubatuba-SP

This monograph aims to contribute to the understanding and analysis of extreme events and its correlation with anthropogenic actions, in order to understand the levels of human interference in the environment and to identify potential social and environmental damage that such events may result in Ubatuba, located on the northern coast of São Paulo state. Therefore, two strategies were established, on one hand, episodic analysis of extreme weather events, and on the other, the analysis of the impact of atmospheric phenomena in everyday society. In this case we gave greater emphasis to analysis years that had higher total rainfall. In this sense, the research was based on the standard deviation technique and percentages, which supported to characterize the exceptional rainy years, in addition, use of rhythm analysis technique that has helped to identify the active atmospheric systems. From a qualitative point of view, field works were carried out in order to make use of news by the local press and civil defense for years considered extreme (positive standard deviation). From this, it was analyzed how the extreme episodes of rainfall trigger repercussions in geographic space. Also the spatial distribution of rainfall were carried out by means of quantitative analysis of six rain gauges. It was found that the highest occurrences of impacts, are located in the central areas of the city, as well as the highest rainfall totals. In fact, Ubatuba/SP suffers from very high rainfall totals and has a singularity on the climate...

Análise metalográfica do titânio puro submetido à soldagem laser Nd: YAG e TIG

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)