FOLHA da Embrapa: Embrapa declara guerra ao Aedes aegypti.

2016

Potencial larvicida de extratos de plantas regionais no controle de larvas de Aedes Aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae)

Dengue, amongst the virus illnesses one can get by vectorial transmission, is the one that causes more impact in the morbidity and mortality of world s population. The resistance to the insecticides has caused difficulties to control of vector insect (Aedes aegypti) and has stimulated a search for vegetables with larvicidal activity. The biodiversity of Caatinga is barely known and it is potential of use even less. Some plants of this biome are commercialized in free fairs northeast of Brazil, because of its phytotherapics properties. The vegetables in this study had been selected by means of a questionnaire applied between grass salesmen and natives of the Serido region from Rio Grande do Norte state; culicids eggs had been acquired with traps and placed in container with water for the larva birth. Thirty larvae had been used in each group (a group control and five experimental groups), with four repetitions four times. The vegetables had been submitted to the processes of decoction, infusion and maceration in the standard concentration of 100g of the vegetable of study in 1l of H2O and analyzed after ½, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours for verification of the average lethal dose (LD50) from the groups with thirty larva. The LD50 was analyzed in different concentrations (50g/l, 100g/l, 150g/l, 200g/l e 300g/l) of Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. 48 extracts of rind, leaf and stem of the seven vegetal species: Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., Mimosa verrucosa Benth, Mimosa hostilis (Mart.) Benth., Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Ximenia americana L, Bumelia sartorum Mart Zizyphus joazeiro Mart, had been analyzed. The extracts proceeding from the three methods were submitted to the freezedrying, to evaluate and to quantify substances extracted in each process. The results had shown that Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. and Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão are the species that are more distinguished as larvicidal after 24 hours of experiment, in all used processes of extraction in the assays. The Zizyphus joazeiro Mart species has not shown larvicidal activity in none of the assays. In relation to the extraction method, the decoction was the most efficient method in the mortality tax of the A. aegypti larvae

Aedes aegypti Pharate First Instar Aseasonal Quiescence Cues Anticipatory Plasticity with Implications for Urban Vector Ecology and Control

The eggs of the dengue fever vector Aedes aegypti possess the ability to undergo an extended quiescence period hosting a fully developed first instar larvae within its chorion. As a result of this life history stage, pharate larvae can withstand months of dormancy inside the egg where they depend on stored reserves of maternal origin. This adaptation known as pharate first instar quiescence, allows A. aegypti to cope with fluctuations in water availability. An examination of this fundamental adaptation has shown that there are trade-offs associated with it. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are frequently associated with urban habitats that may contain metal pollution. My research has demonstrated that the duration of this quiescence and the extent of nutritional depletion associated with it affects the physiology and survival of larvae that hatch in a suboptimal habitat; nutrient reserves decrease during pharate first instar quiescence and alter subsequent larval and adult fitness. The duration of quiescence compromises metal tolerance physiology and is coupled to a decrease in metallothionein mRNA levels. My findings also indicate that even low levels of environmentally relevant larval metal stress alter the parameters that determine vector capacity. My research has also demonstrated that extended pharate first instar quiescence can elicit a plastic response resulting in an adult phenotype distinct from adults reared from short quiescence eggs. Extended pharate first instar quiescence affects the performance and reproductive fitness of the adult female mosquito as well as the nutritional status of its progeny via maternal effects in an adaptive manner, i.e., anticipatory phenotypic plasticity results as a consequence of the duration of pharate first instar quiescence and alternative phenotypes may exist for this mosquito with quiescence serving as a cue possibly signaling the environmental conditions that follow a dry period. M findings may explain, in part, A. aegypti’s success as a vector and its geographic distribution and have implications for its vector capacity and control.

GEOTECNOLOGIAS APLICADA AO MONITORAMENTO DO VETOR AEDES AEGYPTI NA ÁREA ITAQUI-BACANGA, SÃO LUIS - MA.

O uso do SIG na espacialização de dados referentes à saúde é de extrema importância para o monitoramento das variáveis relacionadas à doença em questão, como por exemplo, fatores físicos, sociais e variantes relacionadas ao vetor transmissor. Esta geotecnologia possui uma linguagem computacional, na qual é possível armazenar, cruzar e relacionar dados, através da localização de pontos na superfície terrestre. No Brasil, a problemática da dengue, diante do seu agravamento e a iminência de uma epidemia de proporções consideráveis, tem intensificado as pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de métodos mais eficazes para o controle dessa doença no ambiente urbano. Em nível local, a utilização de SIGs para o monitoramento da dengue no município de São Luís, contribuiu para uma análise da distribuição espacial da doença na cidade. Deste modo, esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o problema da dengue na referida localidade, utilizando as geotecnologias e a educação ambiental sinergicamente associadas, como estratégia para que a comunidade descobrisse, através da participação nas atividades da pesquisa, a dimensão do problema da dengue no seu próprio habitat.

Distribuição espacial de criadouros de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae) em pontos georreferenciados de dois bairros da cidade de Macapá-AP: área endêmica de dengue

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a distribuição espacial dos criadouros de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus 1762 Diptera: Culicidae) em pontos georreferenciados de dois bairros da cidade de Macapá-AP. Os espécimes foram coletados em dois períodos (seco e chuvoso) e analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Realizou-se mapeamento dos imóveis inspecionados, destacando-se aqueles com criadouros positivos para formas imaturas de A. aegypti, além de entrevistas com os residentes locais, a fim de se avaliar aspectos sócio-econômicos relacionados à ocorrência da espécie em questão. No bairro do Trem os depósitos móveis, detiveram 21,90% das larvas coletadas no período seco e 24,60% no período chuvoso; depósitos fixos 22,38% no período seco e 20,59% no período chuvoso; e depósitos removíveis 49,05% no período seco e 48,93% no período chuvoso. No Bairro Cidade Nova as fossas e depósitos de água para consumo, detiveram 26,79% e 18,66% no período seco respectivamente. No período chuvoso, os depósitos de água para consumo subiram para 34,16 %, as fossas se mantiveram inalteradas, sugerindo que esse último seja considerado um recipiente preferencial para a desova do mosquito. Constatou-se que o abastecimento de água encanada cobre 93% das residências do bairro do Trem, e 73% do bairro Cidade Nova, o qual não dispõe de rede de esgoto sanitário. No bairro do Trem houve variabilidade regular na distribuição dos criadouros nos dois períodos estudados. No bairro Cidade Nova o comportamento espacial apresentou uma tendência de variabilidade irregular, sendo possível caracterizar as áreas de risco existentes em relação ao tipo de criadouro. De modo geral, conclui-se que uma das grandes capacidades da análise de dados georeferenciados é a sua manipulação para produzir novas informações que contribuam para uma melhor gestão das medidas de controle.

A comparison of larval, ovitrap and MosquiTRAP surveillance for Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti

In Brazil, the entomological surveillance of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is performed by government-mandated larval surveys. In this study, the sensitivities of an adult sticky trap and traditional surveillance methodologies were compared. The study was performed over a 12-week period in a residential neighbourhood of the municipality of Pedro Leopoldo, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An ovitrap and a MosquiTRAP were placed at opposite ends of each neighbourhood block (60 traps in total) and inspections were performed weekly. The study revealed significant correlations of moderate strength between the larval survey, ovitrap and MosquiTRAP measurements. A positive relationship was observed between temperature, adult capture measurements and egg collections, whereas precipitation and frequency of rainy days exhibited a negative relationship.

Avaliação dos componentes de óleos essenciais 1,8-cineol, β-cariofileno e α-humuleno como possíveis repelentes para Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aedes aegypti, mosquito da família Culicidae responsável pela transmissão dos vírus da dengue, da febre amarela urbana e da febre chikungunya, apresenta grande proliferação em áreas urbanas das regiões tropicais e subtropicais, além de representar um fator de incômodo por causar alergias devido à inoculação dos componentes salivares durante o processo do repasto sanguíneo. Como forma de evitar os problemas causados por eles, o repelente mais usado e registrado comercialmente desde 1957 é o DEET (N,N-dietil-3-metilbenzamida ou N,N-dietil-meta-toluamida), que apesar de apresentar eficácia comprovada possui determinada toxicidade quando utilizado por crianças e por mulheres grávidas ou lactantes. Atualmente, grande parte dos estudos sobre novas substâncias repelentes envolvem óleos essenciais de plantas, principalmente por serem atóxicos, biodegradáveis, possuírem um preço mais acessível e uma ampla atividade contra diferentes espécies de mosquitos. Os terpenos 1,8-cineol, β-cariofileno e α-humuleno podem ser encontrados em óleos essenciais de uma grande variedade de plantas e apesar de dados da literatura mostrarem uma eficácia dessas substâncias como repelentes para outras espécies de insetos, até o presente momento não existem estudos que relacionam porcentagem de repelência ao longo do tempo para avaliar o potencial de repelência das mesmas para culicídeos.O presente estudo avaliou tais substâncias como possíveis repelentes para A. aegypti, utilizando o DEET como controle positivo. Para avaliar a eficácia do β-cariofileno foi utilizada a BG-cage, uma gaiola desenvolvida especificamente para testes de repelência onde o voluntário expõe um braço sob uma abertura coberta por uma tela onde os mosquitos pousam, mas não picam. Os testes foram repetidos a cada 30 minutos após a aplicação do produto por um tempo máximo de duas horas (seguindo a recomendação de reaplicação do produto comercial ...

A native Wolbachia Endosymbiont does not limit Dengue virus infection in the mosquito Aedes notoscriptus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis infects many species of insects and has been transinfected into the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.), the primary vector of dengue virus (DENV). Recently, it has been shown that Wolbachia blocks the replication and transmission of RNA viruses, such as DENV, in a number of mosquito species including Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Skuse), which is naturally infected with Wolbachia and considered a secondary vector for DENV. The mosquito species Aedes notoscriptus (Skuse) is highly prevalent in Australia, including in areas where DENV outbreaks have been recorded. The mosquito has been implicated in the transmission of Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses, but not DENV. We investigated whether Wolbachia naturally infects this mosquito species and whether it has an impact on the ability of Ae. notoscriptus to transmit DENV. We show, for the first time, that Ae. notoscriptus is naturally infected with a strain of Wolbachia that belongs to supergroup B and is localized only in the ovaries. However, Wolbachia infection in Ae. notoscriptus did not induce resistance to DENV and had no effect on overall DENV infection rate or titer. The presence of a native Wolbachia in Ae. notoscriptus cannot explain why this mosquito is an ineffective vector of DENV.

Producción de cepas nativas de bacillos thuringiensis y su actividad en Aedes aegypt Linnaeus y Culexpipiens quinque fasciatus say

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Microbiología Industrial) UANL

Evaluación de la actividad tóxica de cepas nativas de Bacillus thuringiensis contra trichoplusia ni, Hübner (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) yAedes aegypti, Linnaeus (Díptera: culicidae)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Microbiología) UANL

Estudio fitoquímico de algas marinas con actividad biológica en larvas de Aedes aegypty (Linnaeus)

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química de Productos Naturales) UANL

Em 2015, União não transferiu 23% do previsto para programa contra 'Aedes'

Números compilados pela DAPP revelam que 23% do total de verbas do Ministério da Saúde destinadas a ações de vigilância sanitária para controle de doenças não foram efetivamente liberadas.

Short report: Application of an alternative Aedes species (Diptera : Culicidae) surveillance method in Botucatu City, São Paulo, Brazil

One of the main problems with dengue is the control of Aedes aegypti, its major vector. In Brazil, the current control program for Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations includes larval density surveys. An interesting alternative is the use of a distinct index, the Premise Condition Index (PCI). This tool relates conditions of property, such as houses and yards, and the degree of shade with the occurrence of Aedes sp. oviposition, and is calculated as scores from 3 to 9. The lowest score indicates property in good condition and an unfavorable breeding environment, while the highest score indicates property at high risk for infestation by Aedes sp. The present study is based on the application of the PCI in an urban area of Botucatu, Brazil to confirm its effectiveness.

Mecanismos de resistência de aedes aegyoti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) a inseticidas

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Efeito de temperaturas alternadas sobre desenvolvimento de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegyoti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is a species of mosquitoes known to be the vector of diseases such as dengue and yellow fever, and a better understanding of aspects of their biology can help in the establishment of control strategies for the same. Several previous studies showed that temperature significantly affects the development of immature stages of insects. In general, higher temperatures (up to a threshold) accelerate the development of insects, and lower temperature retards the same. This rule also applies to mosquitoes, including Ae. aegypti. But not still know the effects of daily variation of temperature on the developmental stages of mosquitoes. And this detail is very important, since in natural breeding or artificial, The mosquitoes usually face temperature variations over a single day, which should interfere with its development until the emergence of the adult forms. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyze the effect of alternating temperatures on the development of Ae. aegypti. To conduct the study, adults were collected active in the neighborhood Bela Vista Campus of UNESP - Rio Claro, SP, using a sweep net or using ovitraps for immatures, and the active search for breeding. Individuals collected were kept under experimental conditions in the laboratory. The adult samples were identified to species level, were considered for the experiments, only samples of Ae. aegypti. The insects were housed in plastic cages, suitable for creating flies. These were fed with sugar solution and blood meal on alternate days. The eggs obtained were used in the experiment with four different temperature regimes. The data collected were analyzed by evaluating whether the different treatments influenced the development of immature to adult, performing the Kruskal-Wallis test and the statistical software BioEstat. Statistical analysis of the sex ratio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)