稀土与L-脯氨酸配合物的合成、表征及晶体结构

本文合成了通式为Ln(L-Pro)_3(H_2O)_2(ClO_4)_3(Ln=Pr、Nd、Er,L-Pro=L-脯氨酸)的固体配合物.元素分析、红外光谱、热分析对配合物进行了表征.培养了镨脯氨酸配合物的单晶,X射线四圓衍射确定了晶体的结构.晶体属于单斜晶系、空间群P2_1,α=0.9879(3),b=2.1883(4),c=1.3393(2)nm,β=91.23(2)°,V=2.895(1)nm~3,Z=2.晶体中每一个镨原子与来自6个L-脯氨酸羧基上的6个氧原子和2个结晶水分子键合,形成了一个八配位的稍有畸变的三角十二面体.每一个L-脯氨酸分子以羧基双齿方式与两个镨离子配位,形成了一个无限长的链状结构.

MISCIBILITY OF POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE) WITH A COPOLYAMIDE

Blends of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) with a copolyamide (CoPA) randomly composed of 1:1:1 (wt) nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon 610 structural units were prepared by casting from a common solvent. They were found to be miscible and show a single, composition-dependent glass transition temperature (T(g)). The addition of PVP to CoPA significantly lowers the crystallinity owing to an increasing T(g) of the system. The observed miscibility is proposed to be the result of specific interactions between the proton acceptor groups of PVP and the amide groups of CoPA.

A key gene of the RNA interference pathway in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon: Identification and functional characterisation of Dicer-1

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) initiates post-transcriptional silencing of homologous genes. Here we report the amplification and characterisation of a full length cDNA from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) that encodes the bidentate RNAase III Dicer, a key component of the RNAi pathway. The full length of the shrimp Dicer (Pm Dcr1) cDNA is 7629 bp in length, including a 51 untranslated region (UTR) of 130 bp, a 3' UTR of 77 bp, and an open reading frame of 7422 bp encoding a polypeptide of 2473 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 277.895 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 4.86. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the mature peptide contains all the seven recognised functional domains and is most similar to the mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Dicer-1 sequence with a similarity of 34.6%. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that Pm Dcr1 mRNA is most highly expressed in haemolymph and lymphoid organ tissues (P 0.05). However, there was no correlation between Pm Dcr1 mRNA levels in lymphoid organ and the viral genetic loads in shrimp naturally infected with gill-associated virus (GAV) and Mourilyan virus (P > 0.05). Treatment with synthetic dsRNA corresponding to Pm Dcr1 sequence resulted in knock-down of Pm Dcr1 mRNA expression in both uninfected shrimp and shrimp infected experimentally with GAV. Knock-down of Pm Dcr1 expression resulted in more rapid mortalities and higher viral loads. These data demonstrated that Dicer is involved in antiviral defence in shrimp. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

中国科学院西部行动计划（二期）项目布局与初步进展

中国科学院于2000--2005年成功实施中国科学院西部行动计划（一期），于“十一五”期间继续实施西部行动计划（二期）。在继续深化和扩展西部原有5个典型区域（北方草地、黄土高原、黑河流域、塔里木河流域、岷江上游）生态建设试验示范研究的基础上，新增西南喀斯特、三峡库区和三江源区等3个试区的生态建设试验示范研究；开展黑河流域遥感？地面观测同步试验与综合模拟平台建设、青藏铁路冻土路基稳定性与沙害防治等研究工作；开展太阳能等特色资源开发及其他服务于西部大开发的高技术研究与产业化等方面的工作。该计划已按实施方案陆续展开，启动实施11个项目。在试验示范区／点的选定、设施建设、观测、试验、研究与示范等方面的进展顺利，取得一批阶段性成果。

峨眉双蝴蝶的胚胎学研究(英文)

首次报道了峨眉双蝴蝶Tripterospermumcordatum (Marq )H .Smith的胚胎学特征 ,研究结果用以讨论双蝴蝶属的系统演化关系。主要研究结果如下 :花药四室 ;药壁发育为双子叶型 ;绒毡层属单型起源 ,细胞具单核 ,属腺质型绒毡层 ,药隔处的绒毡层细胞形成类胎座 ,其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为一层细胞 ;在花药成熟时 ,花药的药室内壁纤维状加厚且柱状伸长 ,表皮细胞减缩退化 ,纤维状加厚不明显。成熟花粉为 3-细胞型。子房为 2心皮 ,1室 ,侧膜胎座。胚珠为 4或 8列的Hypertropous胚珠类型。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成的 4个大孢子呈直线式排列 ,合点端的大孢子具功能。胚囊发育为蓼型。珠孔受精。胚乳发育为核型。胚胎发育为茄型酸浆II变型。通过比较双蝴蝶属与蔓龙胆属和龙胆属的胚胎学特征表明 ,双蝴蝶属在一些重要的胚胎学特征上与蔓龙胆属和龙胆属均存在较大差异，故将该属作为一独立属处理较为合适。

低温酸性溶液中毒砂和As(Ⅲ)稳定性研究

讨论了铁离子浓度为10-2 ~ 10-5 mol/kg的Fe2(SO4)3和FeCl3酸性溶液中毒砂和As(Ⅲ)的稳定性. 实验研究显示: (1) 在所述实验条件下毒砂是不稳定的, 它的氧化程度随Fe3+浓度和反应温度升高及pH降低而增加; (2) 毒砂氧化时释放的砷以As(Ⅲ)的含水氧化物为主; (3) 在FeCl3 溶液中, 毒砂和As(Ⅲ)向As(Ⅴ)的氧化速度比在Fe2 (SO4)3溶液中快; (4) As(Ⅲ)的稳定性随氧化剂浓度和反应温度的降低而增加, 随Cl-浓度的增加及光照而降低.

Evolução agro-socio-econômica dos agricultores e da agricultura de Machadinho d´Oeste em Rondônia, entre 1986 e 1999.

Com o objetivo de melhor compreender as transformações agrícolas da Amazônia e suas consequências, a Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite vem pesquisando há quase 15 anos na região de Machadinho d´Oeste, no nordeste do Estado de Rondônia, um grupo significativo de produtores rurais. O trabalho é de longo prazo, com duração prevista para 100 anos. Um novo perfil agrosocioeconômico dos agricultores e da agricultura praticada nesta região foi realizado, em outubro de 1999, junto às propriedades estudadas nos anos anteriores (1986, 1989, 1993 e 1996). Os indicadores quantitativos, levantados, tratam-se da evolução dos processos socioeconômicos e ambientais extremamente relevantes como o desmatamento, a capitalização dos produtores, a concentração de terras, o uso de tecnologias modernas.

Three-dimensional free surface modelling in an unstructured mesh environment for metal processing applications

In the casting of metals, tundish flow, welding, converters, and other metal processing applications, the behaviour of the fluid surface is important. In aluminium alloys, for example, oxides formed on the surface may be drawn into the body of the melt where they act as faults in the solidified product affecting cast quality. For this reason, accurate description of wave behaviour, air entrapment, and other effects need to be modelled, in the presence of heat transfer and possibly phase change. The authors have developed a single-phase algorithm for modelling this problem. The Scalar Equation Algorithm (SEA) (see Refs. 1 and 2), enables the transport of the property discontinuity representing the free surface through a fixed grid. An extension of this method to unstructured mesh codes is presented here, together with validation. The new method employs a TVD flux limiter in conjunction with a ray-tracing algorithm, to ensure a sharp bound interface. Applications of the method are in the filling and emptying of mould cavities, with heat transfer and phase change.

Simulating the interaction of cabin crew with passengers during aircraft emergency evacuation conditions

In this paper we briefly describe new modelling capabilities within the airEXODUS evacuation model. These new capabilities involve the explicit ability to simulate the interaction of crew with passengers in managing evacuation situations

Factores explicativos de las actitudes hacia el castigo juvenil. Evidencias de un diseño factorial

El rol desempeñado por la opinión pública en el desarrollo de la política criminal actual justifica el incremento de investigaciones destinadas a evaluar las actitudes de los ciudadanos hacia el castigo. No obstante, los avances en este ámbito han sido limitados debido a la utilización de rudimentarios instrumentos de medida. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene como propósito explorar el efecto que generan en la opinión ciudadana ciertas variables referidas al hecho delictivo y al infractor, precisando su contribución relativa y la interacción existente entre ellas. Para satisfacer este objetivo se recurrió a un diseño factorial de la encuesta, creando una población de 256 casos-escenario fruto de la combinación de cuatro factores: la edad del joven, su historial delictivo, el grado de implicación en el hecho y el tipo de delito cometido. Los mismos fueron distribuidos en grupos de ocho casos ordenados aleatoriamente y fueron suministrados a 32 sujetos. Posteriormente se aplicaron análisis de regresión logística binaria. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la naturaleza violenta de los hechos, la implicación activa de los jóvenes y el historial delictivo son predictores importantes de las condenas punitivas. Sin embargo la edad, una variable fundamental en la configuración de la justicia juvenil, no resulta significativa. De este modo, el trabajo muestra el potencial explicativo de este conjunto de factores y debate sus implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas para la investigación futura en este terreno.

Analysis of the reading and comprehension control in scientific texts in high school students

Students' learning process can be negatively affected when their reading and comprehension control is not appropriated. This research focuses on the analysis of how a group of students from high school evaluate their reading comprehension in manipulated scientific texts. An analysis tool was designed to determine the students' degree of comprehension control when reading a scientific short text with an added contradiction. The results have revealed that the students from 1st and 3rd ESO do not properly self-evaluated their reading comprehension. A different behavior has been observed in 1st Bachillerato, where appropriate evaluation and regulation seem to be more frequent. Moreover, no significant differences have been found regarding the type of text, year or gender. Finally, as identified by previous research, the correlations between the students' comprehension control and their school marks have shown to have a weak relationship and inversely proportional to the students' age.